Ram flowers official name. Primrose. Rams plant medicinal properties of flowers. Primrose salad
(Primula officinalis Jaeq.)
Synonyms: spring primrose, rams, primrose.
Primrose officinalis - perennial herbaceous plant family of primroses (Primulaceae), up to 30 cm high, with a vertical or obliquely growing brown rhizome and a bunch of thin roots. The stem is round and erect. The leaves are collected in a basal rosette, ovate, oval or oblong, wrinkled. Flowers in an umbel inflorescence, drooping on one side, golden yellow, with orange spots on the throat. The flowers have a honey scent. The fruit is an ovoid brown, multi-seeded capsule. It blooms from April to June, the fruits ripen in July. Primrose officinalis is propagated by seeds, dividing bushes and cuttings. Currently, the plant is becoming rare. Included in the list of species requiring preventive protection and rational use. The primrose grows in dry meadows, in thickets of bushes, along river banks, in mixed and deciduous forests.
IN Ancient Greece primrose was considered medicinal flower Olympus, it was called the flower of the twelve gods - “dodecatheon” and they believed that it arose from the body of the young man Paralysos who died of love. Out of pity for him, the gods turned him into a flower. Ancient doctors treated them various kinds paralysis. It is no coincidence that the primrose is known as the “paralysis grass.”
In some countries, primrose is considered the flower of marriage. According to legend, the girl who is the first to find a primrose flower at Easter will certainly get married that year.
Especially great love Primrose was used in England, where many legends were told about it.
They called him magic flower and they believed that tiny fairies and old gnomes took refuge in it from bad weather. As soon as the bright month is covered with dark clouds and the first drops of rain fall to the ground, little people look out for their favorite flower, and having found it, they climb inside the golden corolla and comfortably settle down in it. Soon their pleasant singing is heard, only rarely does any mortal manage to hear it.
Collection and drying of raw materials. Leaves are collected at the beginning of the plant's flowering by tearing them off with your hands. In this case, half the leaves on each plant are left so as not to damage flowering and fruiting. They should be dried quickly in well-ventilated areas, but it is better in ovens or dryers at a temperature of 90-120 ° C. With rapid drying, more vitamins are retained. The shelf life of the leaves is 1 year.
Rhizomes with roots are harvested in the fall at the beginning of the plant's wilting, or in early spring before the leaves grow. The dug roots are cleared of soil, the above-ground parts are cut off with a knife, and quickly washed cold water and dry for outdoors. Then they are dried in rooms with good ventilation or in dryers at a temperature of 50-60 ° C. The raw material has a pleasant smell, similar to violet, and a bitter taste. The shelf life of raw materials is 3 years.
However, at present, since there are other saponin-bearing plants that have an expectorant effect, the collection of rhizomes with roots and their use have been discontinued.
Flowers are harvested without calyxes in April - May and dried in air. Dried flowers are blooming yellow corollas with a faint odor and a sweetish taste. The shelf life of flowers is 1 year. Flowers are an export item.
Chemical composition. The leaves of the plant contain up to 5.9% ascorbic acid, carotene, saponins (about 2%), flavonoids. The rhizome contains saponins (up to 10%), essential oil, glycosides: primuloverine, primverine, alcohols, manganese, carotene, ascorbic acid; in flowers - saponins and flavonoids.
Pharmacological properties. Herbal preparations of primrose have an expectorant effect and somewhat enhance the secretory activity of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and bronchi. The expectorant properties of the drugs are due to the content of triterpene glycosides in the roots of primrose. In addition, primrose increases the activity of the ciliated epithelium and accelerates the evacuation of secretions from the respiratory tract.
Application in medicine. Rhizome. Infusion - as an expectorant for catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, chronic tracheitis and bronchitis, and bronchopneumonia. Widely used in combination with chamomile, calendula officinalis, angelica officinalis and anise. In folk medicine, decoction, tincture and syrup are used as an expectorant in the treatment of tuberculosis, bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia; sedative, antispasmodic, diuretic, mild laxative, analgesic (for convulsions and paralysis); infusion - for constipation, insomnia, general weakness, poor appetite, cough, dizziness, kidney and bladder diseases (as a diuretic). A decoction in the form of lotions and compresses - for bruises. In Transcaucasia, powder is used for impotence.
Aboveground part. Included in an ointment for the treatment of scalp eczema. A decoction in folk medicine - for bronchitis, pneumonia, whooping cough (as an expectorant). Juice - to reduce bleeding gums during scurvy, improve vision with C- and A-hypo- and avitaminosis, normalize digestion; for influenza, sore throat, bronchitis, hay fever; as a diaphoretic, antipyretic and laxative. Essence from fresh flowering plant used in homeopathy.
Leaves. Infusion - for hypo- and avitaminosis, poor appetite, general weakness, cough, scurvy, pneumonia, bronchitis, gout, rheumatism.
Flowers. Decoction, infusion - diaphoretic and expectorant for bronchitis; restorative for hysteria, paralysis, dizziness, migraine, insomnia, inflammation of the urinary tract, articular and other forms of rheumatism.
Juice - for colds, dizziness, insomnia, paralysis, heart disease, rheumatism, kidney disease, migraine, malaria, emphysema, whooping cough.
Dosage forms, route of administration and doses. Infusion of roots and rhizomes of primrose (Infusum radicis et rhizoma Primulae); 10 g (1 tablespoon) of raw materials are placed in enamel dishes, pour 200 ml of hot boiled water, close the lid and heat in boiling water (in a water bath) for 30 minutes, cool at room temperature for 30 minutes, filter. The remaining raw materials are squeezed out and added to the infusion. The volume of the resulting infusion is adjusted to 200 ml with boiled water. Use 1-2 tablespoons 3-4 times a day before meals for chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system.
* Decoction of primrose roots and rhizomes: 20 g of raw material is boiled in 400 ml of water for 15 minutes, left for 30 minutes, then filtered. Take 1/2 cup 3-4 times a day.
* Infusion of primrose leaves: 5-10 g of leaf powder is infused in 200 ml of boiling water for 1 hour, then filtered. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
* Decoction of primrose herb: 20 g of crushed raw material is boiled in 200 ml of water for 20 minutes, then filtered. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
* Infusion of primrose flowers: 25 g of raw material is poured into 200 ml of boiling water, left for 30 minutes, then filtered. Take 1/2 - 1 glass 1-3 times a day.
* Primrose juice: squeezed from the flowering above-ground part of the plant (leaves, stems, flowers). Take 1/4-1/3 cup of grass juice with a spoon of honey 3 times a day before meals, flower juice - 1 teaspoon with an equal amount of honey 3 times a day, washed down with warm water or milk.
Contraindications and possible side effects : There are people with hypersensitivity to this plant. After a few hours or days, they develop severe itching and burning in areas of the skin that came into contact with the primrose. The affected areas turn red and become covered with blisters filled with liquid. Subsequently, peeling is observed at the sites of the healed blisters, and ulcers form when scratched. Ingestion of plant pollen into the mouth or upper respiratory tract can lead to inflammation of the mucous membranes.
Applications in other areas. The leaves are used for food. Olive dye for fabrics is obtained from the grass and flowers of the primrose. Honey plant. Decorative, used for group plantings, in borders, ridges, rock gardens.
Elements of agricultural cultivation technology. Primrose prefers semi-shaded places and loose or cohesive, sufficiently moist soils with the addition of organic fertilizers And turf land. On light soils, apply at least 20 kg of organic fertilizers per 1 m2 at a ratio of 10 kg compost soil, 5 kg of humus and 5 kg of peat crumbs or leaf soil. On heavy soils, you need to add sand at the rate of 1-2 buckets and at least 25 kg of organic fertilizers per 1 m2.
When sowing, primrose seeds are sown in the fall of the year of collection, as they quickly lose their viability. Sowing can also be done in spring with stratified seeds. When 1-2 true leaves appear, the seedlings dive at a distance of 10-12 cm. For 2 years they are kept in the garden bed, covered with leaves for the winter in a layer of 10 cm. They are planted in a permanent place in the spring or autumn of the second year. Plants bloom in the 2-3rd year of life. The bushes are divided into small parts every 3-5 years, preferably in early spring or in August - early September, or immediately after flowering. If necessary, you can replant during flowering. In this case, the bushes are dug up with a wet lump of earth. After planting, the plants are watered abundantly daily for 10-15 days.
Spring primrose (medicinal), or primrose, has a lot of affectionate folk nicknames, among which are rams, firstborn medicinal, spring ant. Almost every country has its own legend about its appearance on Earth: the plant is attributed to the genesis of the keys dropped by the Apostle Peter himself, from the transformation into a primrose of a princess who did not listen to the gods... In addition, the ant can protect from grief and adversity, helps to get married and predicts volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, she also cures various ailments. Photos of primrose medicinal can also be found in scientific reference books, because the plant is widely used even in traditional medicine. Recipes that involve spring primrose are in the second part of the article.
spring primrose
Spring primrose: photo, botany, distribution
Primrose is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Primrose. It reaches a height of 20 cm, has a reduced stem, a short, horizontal rhizome with succulent thin branches extending to the sides. The leaves are collected in a rosette near the base of the rhizome, with narrow petioles, oblong-obovate, serrated, wrinkled.
Flowers are located at the top of the stem correct form, yellow color, up to 15 mm. diameter The fruit is a brown ovoid capsule containing spherical small seeds. The plant primrose officinalis (pictured) is found in Europe, as well as in other zones (Caucasus, Siberia). You can find it in the steppe, forests, meadows, and parks.
Ram plant: properties and applications
All medicinal properties Primrose is due to its rich composition. In medicinal raw materials of spring primrose (medicinal):
- Ascorbic acid
- Provitamin "A"
- Vitamin "E"
- Manganese
- Saponins
- Bioflavonoids
- Plant glycosides
- Essential oils
- Alcohols
Primrose officinalis (rams)
The lamb plant has so many beneficial properties that it is difficult to list them. It is used in many areas of folk medicine, as well as in traditional healing. Primrose is most valuable in the treatment of:
- Migraine
- Neuralgia
- Bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Qatar respiratory tract
- Gout
- Rheumatism
- Insomnia
Remedies prepared from spring primrose are successfully used to treat diseases of the kidneys, bladder, and stomach. Primrose will help with almost any ARVI, especially if the disease is complicated by bronchitis and pneumonia. A huge amount of vitamin “C” makes primrose a sure remedy for cancer and vitamin deficiencies.
The ram plant has an expectorant and diaphoretic effect and can have a valuable therapeutic effect for colds. Also, infusions and decoctions of the plant help with spasms, relieve inflammation in any area of the body, treat eye pathologies and ailments of the male sexual sphere.
Spring primrose (medicinal): traditional medicine
For medicinal purposes, the leaves and flowers or roots of the primrose officinalis (pictured) are used, then all its parts are beneficial. The raw materials are collected at the beginning of flowering (April-May), dried at a temperature of 120 degrees in the oven: this way, almost the entire supply of vitamin “C” will be preserved in the plant.
Before taking primrose products, you need to take into account its contraindications. So, the plant is quite allergenic, and cases of intolerance to it are not isolated . Spring primrose enhances blood clotting, and its enrollment cannot be combined with anticoagulant therapy. During pregnancy, primrose threatens miscarriage and is therefore strictly prohibited for use.
Primrose medicinal for chronic bronchitis
This weapon helps well if you suffer from a chronic dry cough - from bronchitis. It can also be used for acute bronchitis. Take 3 tablespoons of dry roots of the plant, brew with half a liter of boiling water. Leave in a thermos for 6 hours and then drink 100 ml. three times a day for 10 days.
For vitamin deficiency
To “saturate” the body with ascorbic acid and other vitamins, you need to prepare a powder from the plant part of the spring primrose (medicinal). The dried plant is crushed, after which 5 g. brew the powder with half a glass of boiling water. After half an hour, strain the weapon, add a little salt (at the tip of a knife). They drink this weapon in small sips a day, this way they are treated for 14-21 days.
For laryngitis
When inflammation of the larynx (laryngitis) is accompanied by a wet cough, spring primrose will also help improve expectoration and make the cough even more productive. You need to prepare a collection of plants: combine anise seeds, calendula flowers, primrose leaves and flowers, and chamomile flowers in equal parts. Pour a glass of boiling water over a spoonful of the mixture and leave for an hour. Pull 100 ml. three times a day.
Spring primrose for neuralgia
For treatment nervous diseases you need to consume primrose juice. To prepare, wash the plant with flowers, chop it, and squeeze out the juice. To carry out the treatment, mix a teaspoon of juice with the same amount of honey. Take this drug with milk or water in sufficient quantities, repeat three times a day for 2 weeks.
Primrose: a recipe for angina pectoris
Spring primrose oil can be used to treat angina pectoris and other forms of cardiac ischemia. Collect the flowers of the plant, place them in a small jar (0.5 liters), and do not fill them too tightly. Pour vegetable oil into the flowers so that it fills the jar to the top. They place the weapon on the window so that the sun hits it for 21 days. After this period has passed, the flowers are squeezed out and thrown away, and this oil is poured into new flowers of the plant. After another 21 days of standing on the windowsill, the weapon is filtered and stored in the cold. Treated by taking 1 ml orally. twice a day for a month.
For asthma
It is more effective to treat bronchial asthma with a collection of herbs, which includes the lamb plant, although primrose can also be used as monotherapy. To make the collection, combine 40 grams. caraway fruits, 10 gr. primrose flowers, 10 gr. sundew herbs, licorice roots, violet herbs. 2 spoons of the collection brew 300 ml. boiling water, strain after 2 hours. Consume 100 ml. three times a day for 10 days.
Primrose will help with migraines
When headaches often occur, medicines based on spring primrose are also used. Take 20 gr. flowers, leaves, pour 700 ml. dry red wine. After a week, they begin therapy: they drink 50 ml. three times a day for a week.
For rheumatism
20 gr. primrose roots are crushed, pour 400 ml. water. Simmer the roots in water over low heat for 15 minutes, leave for another half hour, add water to 400 ml. Drink 100 ml for rheumatism. four times a day.
Spring primrose against flu
For the flu, take tea with primrose and St. John's wort. Brew a tablespoon of herbs and flowers of both plants, pour 500 ml. boiling water Divide into 3 doses, drink after adding honey to taste.
For seborrhea
To cure seborrhea of the scalp, prepare an infusion of primrose herb. 4 tablespoons of raw material are brewed into 500 ml. water, leave for an hour. Then they filter, soak rags in the product, and apply it to the head like a lotion. After half an hour, wash your hair. Repeat the treatment every 10 days.
Recipe for health
Spring primrose (rams)
The generic name comes from the Latin prima - first, as the plant blooms in early spring. The specific definition is derived from the Latin ver - spring for the same reason.
Primrose is a perennial herbaceous plant with a vertical or oblique growing rhizome. The stem is round, erect, succulent and represents a flower arrow 15-30 cm high. Only its lower part with short internodes bears a basal rosette of leaves. The leaves are ovate or oblong-ovate with a blunt apex and a slightly crenate edge, narrowed towards the base into a winged petiole, briefly pubescent. Before flowering, when it is still cool, the edges of the leaves are bent inward, and at this time the young leaves are almost curled into a tube. Flowers (5-13) are bright yellow, drooping to one side at the top of the floral arrow in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence similar to a curl. The calyx is bell-shaped, swollen, five-incised. The corolla is tubular, with a small bend of five lobes and a long tube. There is an orange spot at the base of the bend of each petal. There are 5 scales at the entrance to the corolla tube. There are five stamens, one pistil with an upper single-locular ovary. Stamens and pistil styles in different flowers are located on various levels. In some, the stigma of the pistil rises above the anthers, since the filaments are short; in others, on the contrary, the stamens are located high and the pistil is low. This phenomenon is called heterocolumnarity (heterostyly) and is the result of the plant’s adaptation to cross-pollination.
The fruit is a polyspermous, ovoid capsule surrounded by a remaining calyx, opening at the apex into 10 small teeth. In damp weather, the cloves bend inward and the box closes.
Blooms from mid-April to July. The fruits ripen in June – July.
A similar species is also used - the large-cupped primrose - Primula macrocalyx Bunge, in which the calyx is expanded.
Spring primrose grows in deciduous and mixed forests, in birch forests, in forest glades and along the edges of pine forests, among bushes.
It is found in forest and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia. To the east, in the Volga region, it is replaced by large-cupped primrose, which thins out and disappears beyond the Urals, but appears again in the Tomsk region, Altai and Sayan Mountains. The second species grows in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia.
Collection and drying
One of the first spring plants, which everyone treats with love and tenderness. Children pull out a flower from a brush and suck out the sweet juice, adults pick young leaves for salad - in taste it is not much inferior to garden salad, but nutritional value far superior to him. No plant contains as much ascorbic acid in its leaves as primrose.
Mass harvesting of primrose cannot be carried out, since the plant is becoming rare and is included in the Red Book, and its culture has not yet been developed. Therefore, raw materials are prepared in small quantities for local needs. If necessary, primrose can be introduced into the culture. The seeds are sown for the winter, and the plantation can be used for many years.
To prepare primrose leaf from wild plants the collector must have a license, without which collection is prohibited.
Collect leaves at the beginning of flowering plants, tearing them off with your hands. In this case, half the leaves on each plant are left so as not to damage flowering and fruiting. The leaves are dried quickly in attics, but it is better in ovens or dryers at a temperature of 90-100°. In the latter case, they retain more vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
Chemical composition
Primrose leaf (dry) contains up to 5.9% vitamin C. The raw material is also valuable because it can be prepared in early spring, when there are no other sources of vitamin C and when the need for it is especially great. In addition, it contains up to 2% saponins, flavonoids, up to 3 mg% carotene, etc.
Action and application
Primrose leaf is used for vitamin C deficiency.
For chronic bronchitis, this is one of the most gentle and reliable remedies. Everything in the primrose is used: leaves, flowers, roots. An infusion or decoction of the roots is an effective expectorant.
Napar
Napar, sometimes a decoction of 30-40 g of roots per 1 liter of water is taken as an expectorant, half a glass 2-3 times a day for dry cough and bronchitis.
A steam of flowers 20 g per 1 liter of water or a whole plant 40-60 g per 1 liter of water is taken for coughs, bronchitis, runny nose and in general for all types of colds associated with ailments of the throat and lungs, as well as for rinsing the nostrils. The same steam is drunk for chronic constipation, for migraines and as a diuretic. This drug has a slightly hypnotic effect on children. For migraines, taking this drug stops irritating sensitivity to light and the headache gradually goes away.
Vitamin remedy
Powder from leaves and herbs of primrose - effective remedy for hypo- and avitaminosis C, accompanied by weakness, lethargy, pallor, dyspeptic symptoms, loosening of the gums, hypochromic anemia, weakened vision. 5 g of powder is poured into 100 g of boiling water, left for 30 minutes, filtered, and 1 g is added. table salt and drink the entire dose throughout the day.
Primrose for respiratory diseases
A decoction and infusion of the roots, rhizomes and leaves of primrose is used as an expectorant for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, chronic tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia and pneumonia. To prepare a decoction, 10-15 g of crushed raw materials are poured into 200 g of water, boiled for 30 minutes in a water bath under a lid, cooled for 15 minutes at room temperature, filtered and taken 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day. To prepare the infusion, pour 5-8 g of primrose leaves into 200 g of boiling water, leave for 45 minutes, filter and take 70 g 3 times a day. Primrose is often used in combination with anise, chamomile and calendula.
For dry cough and bronchitis, take 100 g of primrose root steam 2-3 times a day as an expectorant. To prepare napara, you should pour 30-40 g of crushed roots into a thermos, pour 1 liter of water over them, let it brew for 10-12 hours and strain.
For coughs, bronchitis, runny nose, and various colds, they also drink a steam from flowers or the whole primrose plant. Pour 20 g of flowers or 40-60 g of the whole plant into a thermos, pour in 1 liter of water, let it brew for 6-8 hours and strain. Take 100 g 3 times a day.
For bronchitis, tracheitis, tracheobronchitis, also use an infusion or decoction of a mixture of herbs in 1 liter of water: primrose (flowers) - 40 g, plantain (leaves) - 20 g, coltsfoot (leaves) - 10 g, horsetail (herb) – 30 g. Drink warm, 50-70 g 3 times a day.
For pneumonia, 1 tablespoon of this mixture is poured into 200 g of water, boiled in a sealed container for 5 minutes, cooled at room temperature and filtered. Drink the entire dose warm during the day in several doses.
For pulmonary tuberculosis in folk medicine, the following herbal infusion is used: primrose (root) - 15 g, horsetail (herb) - 15 g, knotweed (herb) - 15 g, common pikulnik (herb) - 15 g. Pour 3 tablespoons of the mixture 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave for 15 minutes and filter. Drink the entire dose in sips throughout the day.
For bronchitis, tracheitis, and pneumonia, the following decoction of primrose roots is recommended: 1 tablespoon of dry crushed primrose roots, pour 200 g of boiling water, boil for 15 minutes, add sugar or honey and take 1 tablespoon 4-5 times a day.
For coughs, chronic bronchitis, tracheitis, you can drink breast tea: 2 teaspoons of a mixture of dried primrose roots, elecampane roots and coltsfoot leaves taken in equal parts, pour 200 g hot water, boil for 5 minutes, leave for 15 minutes and filter. The entire dose is drunk in small sips per day.
Primrose is also included in other breast teas that are used for colds.
If you have asthma ethnoscience uses the following herbal decoction: primrose (flowers) – 10 g, sundew (herb) – 10 g, fragrant violet (herb) – 10 g, licorice (root) – 10 g; cumin (fruit) – 40 g. Pour 4 teaspoons of this mixture into 200 g of water, leave for 2 hours, boil and filter. Drink in three doses during the day.
For rhinitis and runny nose, 40-60 g of the whole primrose plant is steamed in a thermos in 1 liter of boiling water for 6-8 hours and the nostrils are washed with this steam. It is also recommended to drink tea from 20 g of flowers brewed in 1 liter of water.
Migraine remedy
For migraines, prepare a steam from 20 g of primrose flowers or 40-60 g of the whole plant per 1 liter of water and take 100 g 2-3 times a day. At the same time, irritating sensitivity to light disappears and the headache gradually goes away.
A good remedy for migraines and long-term headaches is a tincture of primrose flowers with wine.
For migraines, headaches, and dynamic disorders of cerebral circulation, tea made from the corollas of newly blossomed primrose flowers is useful.
Primrose for heart disease
For heart diseases, it is useful to drink tea from the corollas of newly bloomed primrose flowers.
Diuretic
An infusion of primrose flowers or the whole plant is used in folk medicine as a diuretic. Take it 200 g 2 times a day.
Remedy for constipation
For constipation, use a steam from the flowers or the whole primrose plant (see “Remedy for migraines”).
Primrose for inflammation of the prostate gland
In folk medicine, an infusion of primrose herb is used for inflammation of the prostate gland. Pour 2 tablespoons of the herb into 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave overnight and filter. Drink 200 g of infusion in the morning 30 minutes before meals and in the evening before bed. The course of treatment is 40 days.
Primrose for nervous disorders
Primrose flowers are used in folk medicine for insomnia, nervous weakness, and headaches. For neuroses and insomnia, the following infusion is recommended: 10 g of dried primrose flowers, pour 200 g of boiling water, leave for 15 minutes and filter. The entire dose is drunk per day.
For insomnia in children, use a steam of 20 g of primrose flowers (or 40-60 g of the whole plant) per 1 liter of water.
Decoctions and infusions of primrose have a calming effect and are also practically harmless.
Primrose for skin diseases
For chronic skin rashes, it is recommended to use an infusion of a mixture of herbs: primrose (root) – 15 g; tricolor violet (herb) – 15 g; walnut (leaves) – 15 g; anise (root) – 15 g, sloe (flowers) – 15 g. Pour 1 tablespoon of this mixture with 200 g of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes. Drink 400 g in sips throughout the day.
Primrose for rheumatism and arthritis
In folk medicine in many countries, primrose was very widely used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatism, and all joint diseases. To do this, pour 1 teaspoon of dried primrose leaves, ground into powder, with 100 g of boiling water, leave for 25-30 minutes in a sealed container, well wrapped. Then they filtered and drank the dose per day in several doses. An infusion of primrose roots was also used for the same purposes. Pour 2 teaspoons of crushed roots into 400 g of boiling water and leave in a sealed container for 25-30 minutes. This infusion should be taken 50 g 3-4 times a day.
For rheumatic pain in the joints and rheumatoid polyarthritis, it is useful to drink tea from the corollas of newly blossomed primrose flowers.
Primrose in dentistry
For gum inflammation, traditional medicine uses an infusion of dried flowers and young primrose leaves. Pour 1 tablespoon of raw material into 200 g of boiling water, leave for 2 hours and filter. Take 2 tablespoons 4-6 times a day.
Primrose and cosmetics
Both the primrose herb and its rhizomes are also used in cosmetics: lotions and rubbing with infusion of the leaves are used for acne, freckles, flabby, thin skin prone to irritation, and dilated blood vessels. The same infusion is used to rinse the head in case of hair disease. To prepare the infusion, 4 tablespoons of the herb are infused in 0.5 liters of water. For lotions for swelling of the skin, infuse 2 tablespoons of the herb into 400 g of water. Oily seborrheic skin is wiped with a decoction of primrose roots (2 tablespoons of crushed roots per 200 g of water). A decoction of rhizomes with roots is also used to stimulate hair growth.
For nest baldness, use a decoction of primrose roots (pour 1 tablespoon of finely chopped roots into 200 g of water, cook for 30 minutes in a water bath under a lid, cool for 15 minutes at room temperature, strain), which is rubbed daily into the lesions.
An infusion of primrose flowers (1-2 tablespoons of dried flowers per 250 g of boiling water, leave for 45 minutes at room temperature, strain) is used to wipe the face for oily skin with clogged pores and rinse the hair after washing.
Attention!
Primrose may cause allergic reaction. Should not be used together with anticoagulants. It is contraindicated during pregnancy, as it stimulates uterine contractions.
Recipes
Primrose has not only decorative and medicinal value. In Germany, its dried flowers are used as tea leaves, and the decoction is mixed with wine. In England, young primrose leaves are eaten in the spring as a salad, and the roots, which have an aniseed scent, are used as a spice. The British believe that primrose is even more suitable for making green soups than sorrel.
In Northern China and Korea, on Far East and in the Caucasus, in early spring, cabbage soup and soups are prepared from primrose leaves.
From home-grown primrose officinalis, you can periodically collect leaves for salad. It is very useful, especially in spring, when there is a lack of vitamins.
Primrose salad
Ingredients
- Primrose leaves – 100 g,
- boiled beets – 100 g,
- green onion – 25 g,
- sour cream – 1 tablespoon,
- salt to taste,
- parsley and dill.
Cooking method
Wash green onions and primrose leaves and chop finely. Cut the boiled beets into slices, place in a salad bowl, and top with chopped primrose leaves and onions. Season with salt, season with sour cream and sprinkle with finely chopped parsley and dill.
Primrose drink
Ingredients
- Dried primrose leaves – 2 g,
- dried primrose roots – 2 g,
- honey – 20 g,
- water – 200 g.
Cooking method
Pour boiling water over the crushed roots and leaves of primrose, put on fire and cook for 5-10 minutes. Then strain, add honey and cool.
Primrose tea
Mix and grind dried leaves or roots of primrose and St. John's wort taken in equal quantities. Brew as tea and drink with sugar, honey or jam.
Cooking method
Sort the primrose leaves, wash and finely chop. Simmer for 5 minutes butter, pour in a mixture of milk and eggs, add salt and bake.
Primrose leaf seasoning
Grind the dried primrose leaves into powder. Store in a dry place in a glass jar. Use as a seasoning for first and second courses, salads, sauces, gravy, drinks.
A source of information
- “Plants – your friends and foes” Akhmedov R.B.;
- “Medicinal plants” Popov V.I., Shapiro D.K., Danusevich I.K.;
- "Medicinal plants and their use among people" Nosal M., Nosal I.
Primula officinalis Jacq.
In the bright clearings of deciduous forests, on the edges and among sparse bushes, already in May the light yellow panicles of primroses delight our eyes. A rosette of ovate-elongated wrinkled leaves and several erect peduncles emerge from the powerful root system, which grow one after another as they bloom.
Rams are perennials, but they also reproduce well by seeds that ripen at the end of August, so you should leave the most powerful plants and not collect every last one - leaving large specimens will ensure reproduction for future years.
Biological description of Primrose officinalis
Primrose has many others folk names: rams, lambs, God's hands, white initial letter, gasnik, heavenly keys, ears, flowers of St. Peter. The latter is associated with the legend that the plant grew on the spot where St. Peter dropped the keys to heaven. Moreover, the primrose inflorescence looks like a bunch of keys; according to another legend, these are the keys with which spring opens the doors to summer.
Primrose has a short horizontal rhizome; numerous thin succulent roots extend from it.
Primrose leaves are oblong-obovate, wrinkled, serrated or unclearly crenate at the edges, taper into a winged petiole and form a basal rosette. A leafless peduncle 5-30 cm high emerges from the center of the rosette.
The flowers are regular, yellow, 7-15 mm in diameter, five-membered, dimorphic, with a 10-toothed calyx, inclined to one side, bisexual, collected in a slightly drooping umbrella of 10-30 pieces. The corolla is fused-petalled at the base; petals are dull.
In conditions middle zone In the European part of Russia, primrose blooms in April – July.
The fruit is a capsule.
Where does primrose grow (distribution and ecology)
The plant is distributed in forest and forest-steppe zones almost throughout Europe, including the European part of Russia; also found in the Caucasus, Iran and Turkey. Prefers sparse light forests, edges, bushes, meadows, clearings.
What does primrose contain?
IN primrose roots saponins were found in an amount of 5-10%, essential oil - 0.08% and glycosides: primulaverip (primulaveroside), primverin (primveroside), which is a triterpene compound.
Saponins are also found in the leaves, flavonoids and saponins are found in the flowers. All parts of the plant are rich in ascorbic acid. In terms of dry matter the leaves contain 5.9% and the flowers 4.7% ascorbic acid (vitamin C); a small amount of carotene was found in the leaves and roots.
Pharmacological properties of primrose
Action: due to the large amount of saponins, infusions and decoctions of primrose help in the treatment of colds, inflammation of the throat and larynx, flu, and bronchitis. Helps in the treatment of tuberculosis and pulmonary pneumoconiosis, an excellent expectorant. A course of primrose is recommended for smokers and people suffering from rheumatism. Compresses from the decoction reduce swelling and pain, and accelerate the healing of postoperative wounds.
Traditional medicine has used primrose for centuries to treat migraines, insomnia, and nervous tension. Primrose wine is recommended as a means of regulating blood circulation.
Primrose also has diuretic properties, so it is used to cleanse and detoxify the body.
When to collect and how to store Primrose officinalis
As a rule, the entire primrose plant is collected during flowering in May, and the roots in the fall. You need to dry the leaves quickly, then the vitamins and beneficial features raw materials.
Rhizomes are harvested in the fall by digging them up with shovels. Clean off the soil, cut off the above-ground parts and quickly wash in cold running water. After preliminary drying in the open air, they are dried in attics under iron roof, under canopies with good ventilation or in dryers at a temperature of 40-50 degrees, spreading in a thin layer on paper, fabric or sieves. Dry raw materials are packaged in bags or bales. Store in dry, well-ventilated areas. Shelf life is two years.
The leaves are collected at the beginning of flowering, plucking them with hands or cutting them with knives. Dry quickly in attics under an iron roof or in dryers at a temperature of 70-80 degrees, spreading them in a thin layer. Dry leaves are packed by pressing into bags. Store in dry, well-ventilated areas.
Flowers are collected at the beginning of flowering, picked by hand and placed in small baskets. Dry under shelters with good ventilation, spreading in a thin layer. Packed in metal cans of 5 or 10 kg and stored in dry, well-ventilated areas.
For what diseases is primrose used?
Primrose in scientific medicine
Leaves are used Folium Primuiae, flowers Flores Primulae and rhizomes with roots Radix Primulae. Leaves used as a vitamin preparation for the preparation of vitamin C concentrates, which are recommended for treatment of hypo- and vitamin deficiencies.
Roots contain saponins, glucosides, traces essential oil, vitamins A and C. The roots are used as an excellent expectorant for respiratory diseases, especially bronchitis, pneumonia, whooping cough, asthma and as a diuretic and diaphoretic for the flu.
Primrose in folk medicine
Flowers primroses are used as a diaphoretic for colds, migraines, dizziness, insomnia, fever, heart disease and pulmonary tuberculosis.
Root decoction used for bronchitis, pneumonia, whooping cough as a painkiller (for joint pain), for chronic constipation, headaches, all diseases of the genitourinary tract and kidneys.
Powder from crushed primrose leaves is taken for lack of vitamins in the body, lethargy, lack of appetite, gum disease.
Primrose is used in homeopathy, and aqueous decoctions of the whole plant in veterinary medicine.
Use of primrose in medicine (recipes)
The rhizome of lambs in the form of a decoction or napara - 5 g per 1 glass of water - is used as an expectorant for bronchitis and coughs, diseases of the upper respiratory tract and colds. Thanks to the salicylic acid contained in primrose, the roots have a slight anti-inflammatory effect, stimulate metabolism and the secretion of gastric juices, sweat, and urine. The above decoction is consumed 1 tbsp. spoon with honey 4-5 times a day.
Flowers and the entire primrose plant also have an expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect; they are brewed at the rate of 5 g per 1 glass of water (the whole plant is taken 2 times more) and drunk in 5-6 doses, and also rinse the nose and gargle with steam. The same drug is used for headaches and to relieve fatigue, irritability, and as a mild sedative for children. Primrose leaves are rich in vitamin C, they are useful for use in cases of vitamin C deficiency and after serious illnesses, drink tea from the leaves with flowers (not boiled, but brewed), and cut into salads. Tea made from primrose herb is useful for people with joint diseases - it relieves pain, helps remove salts from the body, and has a mild sedative effect.
For poor appetite, cough, general weakness, hypovitaminosis, pneumonia, scurvy, take an infusion of primrose leaves: brew 5-10 g of leaf powder in 20 ml of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, strain. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
For insomnia, constipation, general weakness, poor appetite, dizziness, cough, kidney and bladder diseases, take an infusion of primrose roots as a diuretic: brew 5 g of roots in 200 ml of boiling water, let it brew for 2 hours, strain. Drink 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
For pneumonia, bronchitis, and whooping cough, drink a decoction of primrose herb as an expectorant: boil 20 g of crushed herb in 200 ml of water for 20 minutes, strain. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
For dizziness, migraines, chronic constipation, take an infusion of primrose flowers: brew 25 g of primrose flowers in 200 ml of boiling water, let it brew for half an hour, strain. Drink 100-200 ml 1-3 times a day.
For respiratory diseases, gout, rheumatism, kidney and bladder diseases, take a decoction of primrose roots: boil 20 g of roots in 400 ml of water for 15 minutes, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Drink 100 ml 3-4 times a day.
Very useful for strengthening general health drink made from primrose flowers: rinse 250 g of primrose flowers, pour into 1 liter cold water, let it brew at room temperature until fermentation begins, add sugar or honey (to taste). Store the finished drink in a cool, dark place.
Primrose tea: Mix dried roots or leaves of primrose and St. John's wort herbs in equal quantities and chop. Brew as regular tea and drink with honey, sugar, jam, sweets, xylitol.
Fresh primrose leaves, collected at the beginning of flowering, are used for preparing salads. Just two primrose leaves are enough to satisfy the body's daily need for vitamin C.
Good to know...
- The stems and leaves are edible and can be used to make salads and cabbage soup.
- Primrose – favorite plant European wild rabbit.
- Primrose is widely distributed as an ornamental plant.
Primrose family. They grow wild in the Caucasus, Crimea, Siberia, Altai, Europe, Central Asia, Transcarpathia, and the Far East. Currently, primrose is one of the leading ornamental perennials and is widely used in landscaping.
Low (20-30 cm) unpretentious plant, blooms profusely in spring and early summer. Primrose has a basal rosette of leaves. The leaves remain green until autumn, sometimes even overwintering.Primulas are both early-blooming and summer-blooming, even in the second half.Flowers of a wide variety of colors - white, yellow, pink, carmine, purple - often with a colored eye, and are also fragrant. Many primroses have quite large flowers - up to 5 cm. The most common types are:
Primrose Julia. The plant is 10-12 cm high. Short-petioled green leaves of an oval-ovate shape form a beautiful basal rosette. The flowers are solitary, numerous, lilac-pink in color, rising above the leaves. During the flowering period, the bushes are so covered with flowers that the leaves become invisible. It blooms twice - in May and August, the second time much weaker. Decorative until late autumn. Light-loving, afraid of dampness. The fruit is a nut.
Spring primrose (lambs). Compact bush 25 cm in height with oval-oblong leaves, decorative until frost. The flowers are yellow, collected in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence. Primrose blooms in May and tolerates partial shade. The color of the flowers is very bright.
Primrose auricularis. The stems are fleshy, thick, almost creeping. The leaves are oblanceolate, smooth, leathery, matte gray-green, overwintering under snow. The flowers are yellow, brown, lilac, violet-brown with yellow, plain or with a light center, collected in sparse umbels 25 cm high. Blooms in May. Afraid of dampness. Tolerates partial shade. Varieties of primrose aurica are distinguished by large flowers.
Primrose fine-toothed. During the flowering period it reaches a height of 25 cm. The leaves are elongated-oval, serrated. The flowers are white, lilac, pinkish, medium-sized, collected in a beautiful spherical inflorescence on a long peduncle. Blooms in early May.
Primrose cortusiformes. A beautiful long-flowering perennial 30 cm high. The oblong, wide leaves form a dense basal rosette. Pink-violet flowers collected in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence. It blooms in May and again in August-October. Interesting in arrays.
Primrose hybrid. A profusely flowering plant up to 30 cm in height. The ovoid-oval leaves form a basal rosette, from which in May umbrella inflorescences appear, consisting of rather large graceful flowers of various colors. A hardy and cold-resistant plant.
Primrose tall. A rhizomatous perennial that forms a rosette of basal leaves. The leaves are wrinkled, sharply tapering into a wing-shaped petiole. The flowers are 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, light yellow, with a dark yellow spot in the middle. Flowers are collected in 7-10 pieces in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence 25-30 cm in height. Blooms early in spring in April-May. For winter, light shelter is desirable. Varieties are known with flowers of the following colors: white, bright golden yellow, raspberry red, brown.
Common primrose or stemless. Perennial. Large-flowered mixture. Whole, oblong leaves form a basal rosette. Plant height up to 12 cm. Peduncles 15-20 cm long. big ones, bright flowers all colors of the rainbow on short stalks. In the center of each flower is a yellow eye. Flowers 3 cm in diameter, solitary. There are forms with white, yellow, blue and dark red flowers. Blooms in June, August, September.
A huge number of wild species, good vitality, unwillingness, de-co-ra- tive ka-che-st-va made very popular in many countries. The culture has introduced 50 species in a row. Not-so-many types and differences in their content, all of them are united by the fact that these races love to one degree or another. They need to live in a very moist soil and do not re-heat the soil and the soil -with us in the summer heat. They don’t like you and they grow well here in ordinary garden soil, but if it’s hard at your school barking, gli-ni-flock, then we'll have to get her. If the soil light, sandy, then it can freeze very much in the winter, and in the summer the short si-s-te-ma is bu- the children will get over-heated and over-dry. Ra-s-te-niya from this are strongly weakened and can die in winter. That's why in such soils you need to add 2 - 3 buckets of purulent earth and a little clay. Primroses with light shading bloom longer and do not fade; they can easily be transplanted into in bloom. Widely used for spring flower decoration shady places, look very impressive in single and group plantings on the lawn, under trees or shrubs, along paths, low-growing species and varieties are suitable for growing in rock gardens. Primroses look great against the backdrop of evergreen conifers.
Primroses are propagated in August by dividing 5-6 year old bushes; parts of the bush are planted at a distance of 20x20 or 25x25 or 25x30 cm. In spring and summer, all types of primroses reproduce by leaf rosettes, which easily take root after 3 weeks and bloom by autumn. You can take cuttings from many primroses until autumn.
A seed propagation method is also possible: sowing is done in the spring right in open ground or the seeds are sown in boxes in the fall and planted in the spring. Seedling care is usual. Grown plants are planted on permanent places. For the winter, it is better to cover annuals with fallen leaves.
Long-stemmed primrose species are suitable for small spring bouquets. Hybrid and fine-toothed primroses, planted in pots in the fall, bloom in rooms and greenhouses in March-April.
The article uses materials from the book “Floriculture” by G.K. Tavlinov, “All about favorite flowers” by O. Ganichkin.
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