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A device for chiseling holes in wood. Chiseling wood and cutting with a chisel. Preparing drills for work

slotting tool carpenter

Give me a ruble, I’ll kill you otherwise. I'm a breadwinner, or who? If you don’t give it to me, then I’ll drink it...! - what did the hero of V. Vysotsky’s song threaten to drink?

Woodworking (drilling) tools

Woodworking tool

Tool for breaking rock during drilling

carpentry tool

Punching tool

A carpenter's tool once soaked by a goblin

Slotting drummer

Roller-cone

Carpentry tools

Wedge with handle

What instrument is referred to in the Russian riddle: “A boletus is running - a broken pubis”?

What is a stonecutter's clasp?

Carpenter's mortising tool

Carpenter's tool

Carpenter's Tool

A stonecutter's clasp

Slotting tool

What does a carpenter hammer with?

A hog is running, a broken pubis

Carpenter's or miner's tool

Rough Chisel

Carpenter's analogue of a woodpecker

The woodpecker has a beak, but what does the carpenter have?

carpentry tool

The instrumental role of the woodpecker's beak

Woodpecker from a carpenter's point of view

Narrow chisel

Carpenter's hypostasis of a woodpecker's beak

carpenter's tool

Hand tools

Carpenter's Punching Tool

Fomka is fishing...

Woodworking tool

Tool for breaking rock in a borehole

Give me a ruble, I’ll kill you otherwise. I'm a breadwinner, or who? If you don’t give it to me, then I’ll drink it...! - what the hero of V. Vysotsky’s song threatened to drink

What instrument is referred to in the Russian riddle: “A boletus is running - a broken pubis”

Wed. chisel, carpenter's tool for chiseling; a steel plate with a transverse blade at one end, and with a nail for setting into the block, or with a tube for inserting a cutting at the other. Carpenter's flat or thin chisels, chisels; lathes, chisels, and they distinguish between thick and thin. Diminished. chisel, chisel, chisel, chisel. Tip earth drill called a chisel. Tenon chisel, thick, with a tube, for chiseling nests. savages, on a hard stone, a chisel is called a sharp-edged one; and a flat one, like a carpenter's, is a scarpel. Well done, not without a chisel. a man's belly and the chisel will rot. Even a chisel can catch fish. The crowbar fishes for fish with a bit, they add, and if it fails here, it succeeds there. Fomka was fooling the onlookers, fishing with a chisel, while his assistant was picking out his pockets. Chisel, related to the bit. Chisel, made in the form of a chisel. Chisel m. a blacksmith who forges chisels. Chisel, low wear. hammer. Kill the sheep, comically. vm. cut; the boy sent for scissors misrepresented and asked for chisels

Chisel for recesses

The woodpecker has a beak, but what about the carpenter?

What does a carpenter hammer with?

Cutter, which removes chips during the rectilinear mutual movement of the cutter and the material, is called planing (for horizontal cutting) or slotting (for vertical cutting).

The nature of the work of planing and slotting cutters is the same. Both during planing and chiselling, the cutter cuts only during the working stroke. At the same time, at the moment of the beginning and end of each stroke, shocks occur that adversely affect the operation of these cutters. Planing cutters or lobe cutters are representatives of the groups: planing tool or slotting tool.

Planing tool (planing cutter)

Planing cutter, as a representative of the group - planing tool, compared to turning, it works under more difficult conditions, since it always enters the processed material with an impact and experiences uneven stress due to changes in cutting forces.

During the cutting process on longitudinal planing machines, the table, together with the workpieces installed on it, moves along the fixed cutters, so here we have to deal with large inertial masses. This circumstance forces the use of reduced cutting conditions, especially in relation to speed, not only for cutters made of high speed steel, but also for cutters equipped with carbide. Planing cutter There are: pass-through, scoring, cutting and special grooved.

Slotting tool (gear cutter)

A gear cutter working by the rolling method belongs to the group - slotting tool. The cutter is a gear that engages with the workpiece, but at the same time, performs the cutting process as a result of the vertical reciprocating motion it receives, similar to a slotting cutter. When the cutter operates, the meshing of two gear wheels is reproduced. This type of slotting tool cuts cylindrical gears with both straight and oblique teeth of external and internal gearing. According to GSOT, they are intended for processing wheels with a profile angle of the original contour of 20? according to GOST. Usually dolbyak It is used for cutting wheels with involute gearing, but it can be used for processing parts with an arbitrary repeating profile.

Dolbyak, as a representative of the group - slotting tool, according to GOST they are manufactured in five types and three accuracy classes. The first type is a straight-toothed disk dolbyak. It is made with a nominal pitch diameter of 75, 100, 125, 160 and 200 mm. The second type includes a helical disk cutter. It is made with a pitch diameter of 100 mm and helix angles of 15 and 23 0.

The third type includes a cup-shaped straight-toothed cutter with diameters of 75, 100, 125, 50 mm. The fourth type includes a tail spur cutter with a nominal pitch diameter of 25 and 38 mm. The fifth type includes a tail helical cutter with a diameter of 38 mm and a helix angle of 15 and 23 0. In addition to the types of slotting tools listed above, there are gear-cutting straight-toothed disc cutters for spline joints with an involute profile.

Carpentry tools are the most in-demand tools in the home workshop. This is explained by the fact that with all the variety of modern innovations, wood remains the most important ornamental material, without which it is difficult to imagine daily life. Any man who prefers to do many of the household maintenance tasks with his own hands has it. Carpentry and plumbing tools are a necessary accessory for a self-respecting owner, that is, for someone who is ready to do everything himself, and not run to the store when necessary.

Carpentry tools are a wide range various instruments for processing wood and making various wooden crafts and structures from wooden parts. In urban conditions it is difficult to talk about organizing a full-fledged carpentry workshop, but organizing a small corner for carpentry work is quite possible. For the functioning of such a corner, you need hand carpentry tools, an equipped place for carpentry work and equipment (incl. homemade devices).

An important condition for organizing a workplace is to ensure the availability of tools and safety of work. In order to properly store carpentry tools, you should take care of shelves and racks where the carpenter's tools will be located in a certain order. There should be a first aid kit at the workplace to provide first aid in case of injury. Care should be taken to ensure the safety of the location of electrical points.

Carpentry tools, taking into account their purpose, can be divided into several groups: measuring and marking; carpenter's impact, sawing, chopping and drilling tools, as well as auxiliary tool. Various devices are important: clamping, supporting, etc. For ease of use, sets of carpentry tools are sold, which contain the main devices.

Basic tools

Basic carpentry tools are used for cutting, shaping and joining wood pieces. He may have universal application or intended for narrowly targeted use.

Instrumentation using percussion.

The impact tool is used to connect workpieces, used in gluing and processing wood, for example, with a chisel. The main representatives of this group:

1. Carpenter's Hammer: Unlike a regular hammer, it has a flat striking side, but the opposite part is forked in the shape of a V (nail puller).
2. Mallet: a hammer made of wood to prevent damage to the surface of the part when hitting it.
3. Doboynik: metal rod conical shape for recessing the nail head.
4. Axe: universal tool carpenter, in which the butt is used as a striking part, and the sharpened edge is used for chopping and trimming wood.
5. Adze: A type of ax used for making holes.

Tools for sawing and cutting.

A carpenter's sawing and cutting tool is used for cutting wooden parts to size and sawing out various forms. Its main varieties:

1. Saw: single-handled, double-handled, circular saw, band saw, butt saw - for different types sawed.
2. Bow saw: has a tensioned cutting blade for cutting in both directions and at an angle.
3. Wood saw: hand saw with a handle (a shortened version of a hacksaw - a reward).
4. Jigsaw: allows you to cut a variety of shapes both outside and inside the workpiece.
5. Carpenter's knife: has several varieties, incl. oblique knife - for cutting recesses in wood or cutting veneer, its blade is cut with an angle of 35-45º, and the thickness of the blade is 3.5-5 mm; meisel - a chisel-shaped knife with double-sided sharpening at an angle of 20-35º, used for finishing wooden blank; scalpel - a thin, sharp knife.

Planing tools.

To prepare the surface you need:

Tools of this type include files. They differ in shape and grain size. Used for finishing and grinding surfaces.

Tool for drilling and chiselling.

If it is necessary to form holes, recesses, grooves, the appropriate carpenter's tool is used. A drill is usually used to drill holes. Drilling tools such as a brace and a gimlet are often used in carpentry work. To use them, you need a set of drills of different diameters.

Chisels and chisels are used to gouge out recesses and grooves. If necessary, special chisels are used: cranberry - similar to a ladle and designed for deep cutting; Reyer - for rough impact on wood.

Tools for taking measurements and markings

Carpentry work cannot be carried out efficiently without careful markings and appropriate measurements. For measurements, the following basic carpentry tool is used: a square (in the form of perpendicular strips, with a ruler scale on one) - to check perpendicularity; center finder (isosceles triangle); erunok (control of angles 45° and 135°); malka (planks fastened with a hinge) with the installation of any desired angle; carpenter's meter; ruler; calipers; level or spirit level for checking horizontal or vertical surfaces; plumb line; roulette.

The following are used: carpenter's compass with the ability to draw a circle up to 3.5 m; thicknesser - for drawing forming straight lines parallel to the main line and transferring dimensions from the drawing to the part (the thicknesser has the form of a bar with strips equipped with teeth); comb - for forming spikes and corner joints; retraction - drawing lines to ensure good articulation of elements.

Assistive devices

For high-quality carpentry work, various standard or home-made devices are used. The following devices are most widely used: clamps, clamps and clamp clamps, clamps for reliable gluing of elements, presses, wooden and metal vices, stops, supports with stops, a miter box to facilitate cutting under different angles, servants for supporting long parts, a bottom to facilitate planing of thin bars, sawing table when using a jigsaw, a bench board, pliers to hold the part.

In order to make holes, sockets, eyes and tenons, you need not only a drilling tool, but also a slotting tool.
To perform this type of carpentry work, chisels and chisels are most often used.
Chisels are used for joiner's and carpenter's purposes.
Carpenter's chisels are used to make furniture.

Bit
This tool is used for gouging holes, sockets, grooves, tenons rectangular section in wood.
The chisel is a block made entirely of steel high quality. One end of the tool is sharpened and forms a blade, the other has the form of a pin onto which a hardwood handle is mounted.
The cutting parts of the tool vary in width and sharpening angle.
The total length of the tool is 315-350 mm, the width can be 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18 and 20 mm. Thickness - 8-11 mm. The sharpening angle is from 25 to 35°, blade length is 315-350 mm.
In order to chisel, you need to install the chisel with the chamfer facing inside the socket. The distance from the marking should be 1-2 mm.
With light blows of a mallet, the tool is deepened, removing pieces of wood.
Chiseling is carried out to the middle of the workpiece on both sides, if it is necessary to obtain through holes.

Chisel
The chisel is used for the following types works:
- cleaning grooves and sockets;
- chiseling nests in thin materials;
- obtaining small depressions;
- removing edges;
- trimming of adjusted parts;
- processing of curved holes in the surface.
Tool length varies from 0t 255 to 285 mm, width - from 4 to 50 mm, thickness - from 2 to 4 mm, sharpening angle - from 15 to 30° ( soft material- 15°, cleaning of eyes and pockets of hard rocks, shallow chiseling - 30°). There are several types of chisels:
- flat;
- semicircular;
- thin/thick;
- figured (for turning).

Flat chisel
A flat chisel is used to cut rectangular recesses.
Characteristics of a flat chisel:
- blade width - from 4 to 50 mm;
- chamfer thickness - from 0.5 to 1.5 cm.

Semicircular chisel
Semicircular chisels are somewhat thinner than flat ones. They are used for cutting round holes or recesses, leveling the surface of semicircular recesses, obtaining smooth lines. Handles for chisels and chisels are made from hardwood.
Characteristics of a semicircular chisel:
- canvas thickness - 2-3 mm;
- blade width - from 6 to 40 mm;
- blade length - from 255 to 285 mm;
- sharpening angle - from 10 to 25°.
The rules for sharpening and straightening chisels are the same as for plane metal plates. Semicircular chisels are distinguished:
- along the radius of the circle;
- according to the depth of penetration of the chisel into solid wood;
- according to the width of the canvas.
Based on this, semicircular chisels are divided into:
- cool;
- sloping;
- deep (cerasics).

Angle chisel
This chisel is used for sampling wood to obtain precise geometric recesses. Characteristics of the corner chisel:
- the angle between the blade chamfers is from 45 to 90°;
- blade width - 4-16 mm.

Cranberry chisel
A chisel is used to remove wood if it is necessary for the bottom surface to be flat, and also if it is impossible to use other tools in the resulting recesses.
It differs from all of the above chisels only in the curvature of the blade.
Cranberry chisels can be straight, semicircular, or charcoal.
These types differ:
- according to the width of the canvas;
- by radius size;
- according to the depth of chamfering when sharpening.

Chisels and chisels are used for chiseling nests, cleaning edges and trimming planes, tenons, eyes, and cutting veneer (Fig. 4.1 - 4.9). The industry produces chisels from 6 to 22 mm with 2 mm gradations, and chisels from 6 to 20 mm with 2 mm gradations and from 20 to 40 mm with 5 mm gradations. This set is sufficient for household and construction work, for carpentry, narrow chisels from 1 to 6 mm with gradations of 1 mm are required.

A chisel differs from a chisel in being thicker and having a handle with a collar on top that protects the wood from being destroyed by a hammer. In carpentry practice, strong blows are not required, since deep sockets are usually first drilled out and then cleared. Pounding with blows is inherent carpentry work, thin carpentry parts can be split. Therefore, it is enough for a carpenter to have a set of chisels from 2 to 16 mm and two wide chisels of 25 and 40 mm, as well as two chisels of 6 and 12 mm.

Rice. 4. Tools for chiselling and drilling:
1 - bit; 2 - wide forged chisel: a - inserting the tail into the pin blank; 3 - narrow chisel; 4 - semicircular chisel with an external chamfer; 5 - the same, with an internal chamfer; 6 - flat chisel; 7 - cranberry; 8 - rounded chisel; 9 - corner chisel; 10 - perk; 11 - rotation; 12 - screw hand drill; 13 - twist drill on wood; 14 - plug drill (head); 15 - spiral drill; 16 - countersink

Narrow chisels are made from spring wire and files, grinding them down accordingly on an emery wheel. With the exception of the cutting end, the metal should be “released” by heating over a low flame until yellowness appears on the cleaned surface of the chisel (about 160° C). If this is not done, the chisel will turn out brittle, since the metal of the file is hardened along its entire length.

Chisels are placed on pins - wooden handles rectangular cross-section with barrel-rounded edges. (Round handles are less comfortable.) Handles should be cleaned and polished or oiled. The nozzle must be parallel cutting edge tool, this helps accuracy in work. For pins they use strong, sticky wood - dogwood, beech, and silver birch. To plant accurately, the hole is first drilled, observing the direction of the ribs, to a depth of 112 shanks, and then burned in depth with a hot shank, slightly short of finishing. A chisel driven in this way will sit firmly. Handles driven in at an angle are corrected by cutting off the excess on the desired side. Therefore, the handle blank should be made somewhat larger in order to be able to correct it.

Chisels are stamped, cut (thin) and forged (thick). Forged ones are characterized by a special tide - a stop and a slight thinning of the feather towards the cutting edge. Stamped - have parallel wide edges and require the installation of a thrust washer so that the handle does not pack onto the shank during impacts.

The quality of a chisel depends on the steel and hardening. A sharpened chisel should cut through 15 cm of beech or oak timber without dulling. If the steel curls or crumbles, the tool should not be used. Sometimes it is possible to improve metal by new hardening. The low cost of chisels allows you to make a choice before receiving necessary qualities. As a rule, forged chisels are more reliable.

The length of chisels is chosen based on strength conditions: a very long and thin chisel is easy to break. Usually the length of the cutting part is 10-15 cm. Only for some work, for example, when chiseling tapholes in planes or jointers under a knife, the length of the feather is 20-22 cm. The feather in the wide edge should be slightly wider at the end (1-2 mm) . Wedge chisels are difficult to work with, they get stuck in the socket and make the job sloppy. The sharpening angle of wide chisels is 20-25°, narrow - 15-20°. In the first case, the width of the bevel should be 2.5 times the thickness, in the second - 3-3.5 times the thickness of the chisel at the cutting end.

To select rounded recesses, semicircular chisels of different radii of curvature are used - from almost flat to semicircular. They are sharpened both outside and inside, depending on the nature of the work ahead. In addition, for simple carving work, chisels with an oblique edge, shorter and thinner, as well as semicircular ones, curved like a scoop, the so-called cranberries, are used. This tool is not produced by industry; it is made handicraft, using a forge, from bearing rings, springs or thick springs.