Chiseling tool. Metal slotting machines: design, features, DIY production. Basic machine models
Chisels and chisels are used for chiseling nests, cleaning edges and trimming planes, tenons, eyes, and cutting veneer (Fig. 4.1 - 4.9). The industry produces chisels from 6 to 22 mm with 2 mm gradations, and chisels from 6 to 20 mm with 2 mm gradations and from 20 to 40 mm with 5 mm gradations. This set is sufficient for household and construction work, for carpentry, narrow chisels from 1 to 6 mm with gradations of 1 mm are required.
A chisel differs from a chisel in being thicker and having a handle with a collar on top that protects the wood from being destroyed by a hammer. In carpentry practice, strong blows are not required, since deep sockets are usually first drilled out and then cleared. Pounding with blows is inherent carpentry work, thin carpentry parts can be split. Therefore, it is enough for a carpenter to have a set of chisels from 2 to 16 mm and two wide chisels of 25 and 40 mm, as well as two chisels of 6 and 12 mm.
Rice. 4. Tools for chiselling and drilling:
1 - bit; 2 - wide forged chisel: a - inserting the tail into the pin blank; 3 - narrow chisel; 4 - semicircular chisel with an external chamfer; 5 - the same, with an internal chamfer; 6 - flat chisel; 7 - cranberry; 8 - rounded chisel; 9 - corner chisel; 10 - perk; 11 - rotation; 12 - screw hand drill; 13 - twist drill on wood; 14 - plug drill (head); 15 - spiral drill; 16 - countersink
Narrow chisels are made from spring wire and files, grinding them down accordingly on an emery wheel. With the exception of the cutting end, the metal should be “released” by heating over a low flame until yellowness appears on the cleaned surface of the chisel (about 160° C). If this is not done, the chisel will turn out brittle, since the metal of the file is hardened along its entire length.
Chisels are placed on pins - wooden handles rectangular section with barrel-rounded edges. (Round handles are less comfortable.) Handles should be cleaned and polished or oiled. The nozzle should be parallel to the cutting edge of the tool, this helps with accuracy in work. For pins they use strong, sticky wood - dogwood, beech, and silver birch. To plant accurately, the hole is first drilled, observing the direction of the ribs, to a depth of 112 shanks, and then burned in depth with a hot shank, slightly short of finishing. A chisel driven in this way will sit firmly. Handles driven in at an angle are corrected by cutting off the excess on the desired side. Therefore, the handle blank should be made somewhat larger in order to be able to correct it.
Chisels are stamped, cut (thin) and forged (thick). Forged ones are characterized by a special tide - a stop and a slight thinning of the feather towards the cutting edge. Stamped - have parallel wide edges and require the installation of a thrust washer so that the handle does not pack onto the shank during impacts.
The quality of a chisel depends on the steel and hardening. A sharpened chisel should cut through 15 cm of beech or oak timber without dulling. If the steel curls or crumbles, the tool should not be used. Sometimes it is possible to improve metal by new hardening. The low cost of chisels allows you to make a choice before receiving necessary qualities. As a rule, forged chisels are more reliable.
The length of chisels is chosen based on strength conditions: a very long and thin chisel is easy to break. Usually the length of the cutting part is 10-15 cm. Only for some work, for example, when chiseling tapholes in planes or jointers under a knife, the length of the feather is 20-22 cm. The feather in the wide edge should be slightly wider at the end (1-2 mm) . Wedge chisels are difficult to work with, they get stuck in the socket and make the job sloppy. The sharpening angle of wide chisels is 20-25°, narrow - 15-20°. In the first case, the width of the bevel should be 2.5 times the thickness, in the second - 3-3.5 times the thickness of the chisel at the cutting end.
To select rounded recesses, semicircular chisels of different radii of curvature are used - from almost flat to semicircular. They are sharpened both outside and inside, depending on the nature of the work ahead. In addition, for simple carving work, chisels with an oblique edge, shorter and thinner, as well as semicircular ones, curved like a scoop, the so-called cranberries, are used. This tool is not produced by industry; it is made handicraft, using a forge, from bearing rings, springs or thick springs.
slotting tool carpenter
Alternative descriptionsGive me a ruble, I’ll kill you otherwise. I'm a breadwinner, or who? If you don’t give it to me, then I’ll drink it...! - what did the hero of V. Vysotsky’s song threaten to drink?
Woodworking (drilling) tools
Woodworking tool
Tool for breaking rock during drilling
carpentry tool
Punching tool
A carpenter's tool once soaked by a goblin
Slotting drummer
Roller-cone
Carpentry tools
Wedge with handle
What instrument is referred to in the Russian riddle: “A boletus is running - a broken pubis”?
What is a stonecutter's clasp?
Carpenter's mortising tool
Carpenter's tool
Carpenter's Tool
A stonecutter's clasp
Slotting tool
What does a carpenter hammer with?
A hog is running, a broken pubis
Carpenter's or miner's tool
Rough Chisel
Carpenter's analogue of a woodpecker
The woodpecker has a beak, but what does the carpenter have?
carpentry tool
The instrumental role of the woodpecker's beak
Woodpecker from a carpenter's point of view
Narrow chisel
Carpenter's hypostasis of a woodpecker's beak
carpenter's tool
Hand tools
Carpenter's Punching Tool
Fomka is fishing...
Woodworking tool
Tool for breaking rock in a borehole
Give me a ruble, I’ll kill you otherwise. I'm a breadwinner, or who? If you don’t give it to me, then I’ll drink it...! - what the hero of V. Vysotsky’s song threatened to drink
What instrument is referred to in the Russian riddle: “A boletus is running - a broken pubis”
Wed. chisel, carpenter's tool for chiseling; a steel plate with a transverse blade at one end, and with a nail for setting into the block, or with a tube for inserting a cutting at the other. Carpenter's flat or thin chisels, chisels; lathes, chisels, and they distinguish between thick and thin. Diminished. chisel, chisel, chisel, chisel. Tip earth drill called a chisel. Tenon chisel, thick, with a tube, for chiseling nests. savages, on a hard stone, a chisel is called a sharp-edged one; and a flat one, like a carpenter's, is a scarpel. Well done, not without a chisel. a man's belly and the chisel will rot. Even a chisel can catch fish. The crowbar fishes for fish with a bit, they add, and if it fails here, it succeeds there. Fomka was fooling the onlookers, fishing with a chisel, while his assistant was picking out his pockets. Chisel, related to the bit. Chisel, made in the form of a chisel. Chisel m. a blacksmith who forges chisels. Chisel, low wear. hammer. Kill the sheep, comically. vm. cut; the boy sent for scissors misrepresented and asked for chisels
Chisel for recesses
The woodpecker has a beak, but what about the carpenter?
What does a carpenter hammer with?
Carpentry tools are the most in-demand tools in the home workshop. This is explained by the fact that with all the variety of modern innovations, wood remains the most important ornamental material, without which it is difficult to imagine daily life. Any man who prefers to do many of the household maintenance tasks with his own hands has it. Carpentry and plumbing tools are a necessary accessory for a self-respecting owner, that is, for someone who is ready to do everything himself, and not run to the store when necessary.
Carpentry tools are a wide range various instruments for processing wood and making various wooden crafts and structures from wooden parts. In urban conditions it is difficult to talk about organizing a full-fledged carpentry workshop, but organizing a small corner for carpentry work is quite possible. For the functioning of such a corner, you need hand carpentry tools, an equipped place for carpentry work and equipment (incl. homemade devices).
An important condition for organizing a workplace is to ensure the availability of tools and safety of work. In order to properly store carpentry tools, you should take care of shelves and racks where the carpenter's tools will be located in a certain order. There should be a first aid kit at the workplace to provide first aid in case of injury. Care should be taken to ensure the safety of the location of electrical points.
Carpentry tools, taking into account their purpose, can be divided into several groups: measuring and marking; carpenter's impact, sawing, chopping and drilling tools, as well as auxiliary tool. Various devices are important: clamping, supporting, etc. For ease of use, sets of carpentry tools are sold, which contain the main devices.
Basic tools
Basic carpentry tools are used for cutting, shaping and joining wood pieces. He may have universal application or intended for narrowly targeted use.
Instrumentation using percussion.
The impact tool is used to connect workpieces, used in gluing and processing wood, for example, with a chisel. The main representatives of this group:
- Carpenter's Hammer: Unlike a regular hammer, it has a flat striking side, but the opposite part is forked in the shape of a V (nail puller).
- Mallet: a hammer made of wood to prevent damage to the surface of the part when hitting it.
- Doboynik: metal rod conical shape for recessing the nail head.
- Axe: universal tool carpenter, in which the butt is used as a striking part, and the sharpened edge is used for chopping and trimming wood.
- Adze: A type of ax used for making holes.
Tools for sawing and cutting.
A carpenter's sawing and cutting tool is used for cutting wooden parts to size and sawing out various forms. Its main varieties:
- Saw: single-handled, double-handled, circular saw, band saw, butt saw - for different types sawed.
- Bow saw: has a tensioned cutting blade for cutting in both directions and at an angle.
- Wood saw: hand saw with a handle (a shortened version of a hacksaw - a reward).
- Jigsaw: allows you to cut a variety of shapes both outside and inside the workpiece.
- Carpenter's knife: has several varieties, incl. oblique knife - for cutting recesses in wood or cutting veneer, its blade is cut with an angle of 35-45º, and the thickness of the blade is 3.5-5 mm; meisel - a chisel-shaped knife with double-sided sharpening at an angle of 20-35º, used for finishing wooden blank; scalpel - a thin, sharp knife.
Planing tools.
To prepare the surface you need:
Tools of this type include files. They differ in shape and grain size. Used for finishing and grinding surfaces.
Tool for drilling and chiselling.
If it is necessary to form holes, recesses, grooves, the appropriate carpenter's tool is used. A drill is usually used to drill holes. Drilling tools such as a brace and a gimlet are often used in carpentry work. To use them, you need a set of drills of different diameters.
Chisels and chisels are used to gouge out recesses and grooves. If necessary, special chisels are used: cranberry - similar to a ladle and designed for deep cutting; Reyer - for rough impact on wood.
Tools for taking measurements and markings
Carpentry work cannot be carried out efficiently without careful markings and appropriate measurements. For measurements, the following basic carpentry tool is used: a square (in the form of perpendicular strips, with a ruler scale on one) - to check perpendicularity; center finder (isosceles triangle); erunok (control of angles 45° and 135°); malka (planks fastened with a hinge) with the installation of any desired angle; carpenter's meter; ruler; calipers; level or spirit level for checking horizontal or vertical surfaces; plumb line; roulette.
The following are used: carpenter's compass with the ability to draw a circle up to 3.5 m; thicknesser - for drawing forming straight lines parallel to the main line and transferring dimensions from the drawing to the part (the thicknesser has the form of a bar with strips equipped with teeth); comb - for forming spikes and corner joints; retraction - drawing lines to ensure good articulation of elements.
Assistive devices
For high-quality carpentry work, various standard or home-made devices are used. The following devices are most widely used: clamps, clamps and clamp clamps, clamps for reliable gluing of elements, presses, wooden and metal vices, stops, supports with stops, a miter box to facilitate cutting under different angles, servants for supporting long parts, a bottom to facilitate planing of thin bars, sawing table when using a jigsaw, a bench board, pliers to hold the part.
22.05.2015
The slotting tool is designed for selecting square and oblong rectangular sockets in parts for tenon joints. It is combined into a group by intended purpose, since according to the design and cutting kinematics individual species slotting tools vary greatly from each other. Used in woodworking the following types slotting tool.
Simple machine bits(Fig. 59, a) are currently rarely used and only on slotting machines of outdated designs. They are low-productive and are used to select nests 4-40 mm wide.
Hollow square chisels with drill(Fig. 59, b) - combined tools, consisting of a hollow chisel and a drill. Screw and auger drills are used as drills. The width of the chisel is 6-30 mm with a gradation of 2 mm. The hollow chisel provides the greatest accuracy of selected nests, but is not widely used due to low productivity.
Slotting milling chains(Fig. 59, c) are a continuous chain with cutter links driven by a four- or six-tooth drive sprocket relative to a guide ruler with a guide roller at the end. The cutting process when selecting oblong rectangular nests in chains is a milling process, which is where the name of this type of slotting tool comes from. Ruler guides come in different shapes and sizes. Each width of the cutting chain, which determines the width of the socket, corresponds to a set of guide rulers and a single or double sprocket (depending on the design of the chain: three- or five-row).
Milling chains for making sockets with a width of 6 to 16 mm consist of three plates of teeth in one hinge; from 18 to 20 mm - from five and from 25 to 30 mm - from seven plates. The pitch of the chain links is 11.3 mm. The dimensions of the socket when chiselling with milling chains range from 6x40x100 mm to 25x55x140 mm with a gradation of 2 mm in width. The angular parameters of the cutters-chain links are accepted within the following limits: α = 15°; β = 55/65°; γ = 11/20°; δ = 70/75°. Large cutting angle values apply to hard rock processing. During operation, the chain must be tensioned with a force of 10 kgf.
The durability of milling chains and guide rulers largely depends on their correct operation. The guide ruler and chain should be periodically lubricated during operation with liquid oil, and the roller with thick lubricant using a grease cap installed on the ruler. At the end of the work, the chain is washed in kerosene, dried and, after sharpening, lubricated by immersion in heated mineral oil. Slotting milling chains are the most productive slotting tools.
Socket cutters (Fig. 59, d) and a combined slotting tool with a two-edged chisel and cutters (Fig. 59, e) are designed for selecting nests with dimensions: 12-80 mm in length, 2-20 mm in width and 20-100 mm, in height, These types of tools are very promising in the production of furniture that requires high precision machining.
Chiseling is the process of cutting wood using chisels and chisels (with manual way chiselling), which perform vertical or inclined rectilinear movement. Holes and recesses are made by chiselling different profiles: rectangular, square, oblique, etc.
Bit is a cutter made of tool carbon or chromium (up to 0.8% chromium) steel with a straight cutting edge. According to their design, chisels are used for carpentry and carpentry (Fig. 40, a, b). In model production, chisels are used in the manufacture of blanks for models and core boxes.
Standard carpentry chisels have the following dimensions: width 10-25 mm, thickness 9-12 mm; dimensions of carpentry chisels: width 6-20 mm, thickness 8-11 mm. The sharpening angle of the chisels is 30°.
In model production, chiselling is not the main type of cutting, however, in the manufacture of large models and core boxes, it is widely used, especially when hand-held electrified tools are not available.
For ease of work, you should have a set of 5-6 chisels. Chisel handles are made from hardwood. Steel rings are placed on the upper ends of the handles to protect the handles from splitting when they are struck with wooden mallets or other percussion instruments.
Mallets can have both rectangular and round shape profile, they are made from hard wood.
To punch through rectangular holes, first hollow out a socket on one side with a depth of approximately 0.5 of the thickness of the block, and then turn the product 180° and continue hollowing on the other side. When performing through chiselling, a planed board is placed under a timber or other workpiece to protect the workbench from damage by the chisel. The workpiece together with the board is pressed against the workbench lid with clamps or secured in another way. Chiseling is always carried out only according to the markings; the marks of the hole should be visible along the entire contour. The width of the chisel should match the width of the hole.
Rice. 40. Chisel and chiselling technique:
a - carpenter's chisel, b - chiselling a through hole; 1 - product, 2 - lining (planed board), 3 - workbench table, 4 - carpenter's chisel
The thickness of the chips should be no more than 3-5 mm. The chiseling operation is performed in the following order. A chisel installed vertically at the score across the fibers, from the first blow of the mallet, cuts the grain fibers of the workpiece and deepens vertically by 3-4 mm. Then the chisel is removed, placed at a certain angle inside the socket and a second blow is applied, from which the wood is chipped; Acting with the chisel as a lever, the chips are thrown out.
To obtain an accurate and clean hole, chiselling must first be done with light blows so that the chisel does not deviate from the marking marks, and only as it goes deeper into the wood can the force of the blows increase.
Having approached the opposite mark, the chisel is turned towards it with its front edge and begins to repeat the initial operations. Having made a nest on one side, do it in the same way on the other if the hole is through. When gouging a hole with a size that is 2-3 times larger than the width of the chisel, gouging begins first along the sides of the hole, and then in the middle. Eyelets that side walls sawed down with a saw, made in the same way as a through hole with the only difference that inner part The socket (end) is slightly tucked in so that there is no gap when connecting the products. In order for the quality of work to be high enough, the tool must always be sharp and have a good handle.
