How to make a pressure gauge with your own hands to measure fuel pressure. U-shaped pressure gauge: detailed in simple language Gas unit converter
U-shaped pressure gauge is a device for measuring pressure, which consists of a transparent tube made in the shape of the Latin letter “U”. The sides of such a pressure gauge have the same length.
Depending on what type of pressure is being measured, the tubes of the U-shaped pressure gauge may be open, then the liquid will be exposed to atmospheric pressure. The tubes can also be closed and connected to a pressure source. If both ends of the tube are open, the liquid levels in both columns are the same because the pressure on them is the same.
Working principle of U-shaped pressure gauge
When pressure is applied to column "B" of the manometer, the height of the liquid in column "A" increases, and the height of column "B" decreases.
Since column "A" is exposed to atmospheric pressure, the pressure gauge actually shows the difference between the applied pressure and atmospheric pressure. When dealing with a U-tube pressure gauge, the shift in levels in both columns must be taken into account when measuring pressure.
The pressure gauge scale allows you to determine the height of liquid columns in the tubes. Most pressure gauge scales have a correction device to adjust the position of the scale. Before taking measurements with a pressure gauge, you should make sure that the liquid levels in the columns are the same. The position of the scale is then adjusted so that both levels coincide with the level of the zero mark on the scale. This operation is called “zeroing” or setting the pressure gauge to zero. It is performed in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurements taken, provided that meter It works well and the fluid used in it is of sufficient purity.
...I decided to write a strange post. Somehow, a post about making a pressure gauge caught my eye. Or rather, not the device itself, but its miniature copy. For what? For all sorts of crafts where you don’t need to use these devices (and it’s unlikely that they can be found in this size).
MANOMETER (from the Greek manos - loose and metron - measure, metreo - measure), a device for measuring liquid and gas pressure. Depending on the design of the sensitivity of the element, there are liquid, piston, deformation and spring pressure gauges (tubular, membrane, bellows);
dependencies of some are also used physical quantities(e.g. electric current) from pressure. There are absolute pressure gauges - they measure absolute pressure (from zero), gauge pressure gauges - they measure the difference between the pressure in any system and atmospheric pressure, barometers, differential pressure gauges, vacuum gauges.
A “cork” is cut out of the elastic using a tube. Later, we will need it as a backing for the pressure gauge scale.
We cut the tubes to the diameter we need. One tube is slightly larger - this will be our body. The second tube is smaller. It will serve as a stopper for the back wall on one side and the glass on the other.
We make the elastic band as thick as we want to place the instrument scale on.
Cut out the image of the desired scale, suitable in size. I made the scales in advance. I collected pictures from the network, removed everything unnecessary, and made several images of the same scale. different sizes and printed it at the nearest photo kiosk.
For glass we take any transparent plastic. I used a CD box. Cut out a circle according internal diameter wide tube with side cutters. We adjust it with a file. The glass should fit very tightly, then glue will not be needed.
We make the back wall from a brass plate. It should be the same diameter as the glass.
Let's start assembling the product. First, glue the back wall to the end of the smaller tube. Then we glue the tubes so that one is in the other, while the bottom should be at the same level as the end of the larger tube. Drill a hole in the body.
IN drilled hole We insert the wire, on both sides of which we place the halves of our substrate, Glue it.
We use thinner wire to make a decorative ring that will hide the edges of the paper scale.
Shorten second hand from wristwatch to suitable sizes and glue it onto the scale.
This is what the back side of our device looks like. You can put a shorter thin tube on the wire coming out of it. The part of the wire not covered by the tube will later be inserted into the tank (or into that part of your craft on which you plan to install this dummy).
All that remains is to sand the body and insert the glass.
You can simplify the task by using these nuts as a housing.
Result.
No circuits, no programs, no pressure gauge, yes
Having smoked a little on these topics: Digital pressure gauge
I realized that many of the car enthusiasts are not programmers or radio amateurs and assemble this digital pressure gauge Not everyone can. I offer a simpler digital pressure gauge that almost every car enthusiast can replicate
Since all of the above devices are based on voltage measurement. I decided to pair up a 24 V voltmeter I have, implemented on a MEGA48PA microcontroller, and a pressure sensor MM370 0-10 kg/cm2 with a resistance of 195 Ohms. Since we have an upper limit of the sensor of 10 kg/cm2, I applied a voltage of 10V to a voltmeter and measured the voltage at the input of MEGA48PA 28 leg; it was 0.5 Volt; therefore, the measurement limit of 0-10 kg/cm2 will correspond to 0-0 at the input of the ADC (28 leg), 5V.
Since the resistance of the sensor decreases with increasing pressure from 195 Ohm to 0 Ohm, it is necessary to alter it slightly so that the resistance increases with increasing pressure from 0 Ohm to 195 Ohm.
Conversion of the MM370 sensor for a digital pressure gauge.
Before remaking the sensor, its diagram can be drawn as follows (resistance decreases with increasing pressure) 
we need to redo it so that the circuit looks like this (increasing resistance with increasing pressure) 
To do this, you need to flare the sensor; I used side cutters.
Before doing this, you need to put marks on the cover and body of the sensor (later it will be useful during assembly). After disassembly, we see what is inside, namely the measuring element itself and the moving contact. Using a screwdriver, unscrew and remove the measuring element,
it needs to be turned 180 degrees, before doing this, cutting the contact a little (so that it doesn’t reach the body for me) 
Test measurements were made, and a graph was drawn up of the dependence of the MM370 resistance on the pressure gauge readings
and built a graph (almost linear)
My MM370(BU) also had a damaged wire,
connecting the moving contact to the body, I replaced it with wiring from a telephone headset.
We assemble and carefully roll (without using a hammer), you can fix it a little by welding (semi-automatic)
DEVELOPMENT OF THE VOLTMETER
To do this, you need to replace the 28 volt divider (in my case) in the input circuits of the voltmeter
Since we need a voltage limit from 0 to 0.5V, we use a reference voltage source of 5V which is located in the voltmeter itself (power supply for the MEGA48PA microcontroller 4 pins). Using simple calculations, we need a divider by 10, since the resistance of the MM370 pressure sensor is 195 Ohms, then the resistance for the divider you need 1.95 kOhm, it’s better to put two, one of which is variable, I put two at 1 Kohm
Now we have three wires on the voltmeter plus + minus - power supply and pressure measurement.
We connect the pressure gauge to the compressor, do the calibration with a variable resistor (for more accurate readings, the calibration must be carried out at the pressure at which we expect to use it)
Correct functioning fuel system car is the key to the safety of the driver and passengers. Determining the volume of air in it allows you to monitor uninterrupted operation and troubleshoot problems in a timely manner. Pressure is checked using pressure gauges. These devices are quite simple in design and operation, so making them yourself is not difficult.
Purpose and technical parameters
A pressure gauge is a device designed to measure fuel pressure. If this indicator is unstable, it will not be possible to properly operate the engine. Interruptions in the functionality of the engine increase fuel consumption and also affect the service life of the equipment as a whole. The technical condition of the car is monitored by the built-in ECU (electronic control unit), including checking the pressure in the fuel rail.
It controls engine power, fuel consumption, and if one of the systems malfunctions, it displays errors on the on-board computer in the form of an encrypted code, which is not entirely convenient.
The operation of the ECU is not always stable, and with several deviations in the functionality of the car, it can be difficult to immediately determine the breakdown. At the same time, the pressure gauge will make it possible to monitor the operation of the fuel supply system and eliminate or eliminate such a defect in the shortest possible time.
Meter specifications:
- control of excess pressure of non-crystallizing liquid, gas, steam;
- accuracy class - 1–2.5;
- measurement range - 5–8 A.
How it works
The base of the device is a hollow hose with an oval or ellipsoidal cross-section and an elastic structure. The fuel presses with its mass on it and deforms it. Its first end is connected to the fuel system mechanism, and the second to a meter that displays the result of the deformation on the display.
There is a spring inside the transmission mechanism that prevents backlash. 
The hollow hose has cross-sectional planes of different diameters inside and outside, therefore, being under pressure, it constantly tries to level out. The end connected to the display moves the needle along the scale. At a maximum pressure of 25 bar and below, the accuracy of the device will be 2.5, more than 25 bar - 1.5.
The advantage of the device is the ability to connect in parallel to the system without stopping its operation. This allows you to take measurements while the engine is running.
Varieties
There are 2 types of pressure gauges for measuring fuel pressure:
- analog;
- electronic.
Depending on the type of action, the devices differ in the design of the sensing element:
- liquid;
- membrane;
- spring;
- bellows;
- piston;
- piezoelectronic;
- radioactive;
- wire
What to look for when purchasing
When choosing which pressure gauge to use, you should pay attention to the following factors:
- device design;
- technical parameters.
To control air exchange in the fuel system, both analog and electronic devices are used.
Analogue devices are characterized by their simple design and low cost. The data is displayed on a scale equipped with a pointer mechanism. The disadvantage is the high error when the pressure increases.
Electronic devices are more accurate and cost more. Data is displayed on the LCD screen. The user is given the opportunity to independently select the unit of measurement.
Did you know? The pressure in the fuel rail can be controlled using devices for monitoring the volume of oxygen in the tire. They work on the same principle. To accurately control the fuel system, pressure fluctuations must be within 5– 7 atmospheres. To control oxygen pressure, fluctuations vary within the range8 –16 atmospheres.
The meter scale should be readable, with limit values of 5–6 kgf/cm2. Before purchasing, check the connections for leaks and evaluate the quality of the materials. 
How to make it yourself
A pressure gauge for diagnosing the fuel system can be assembled with your own hands, spending a minimum of money. You don't have to be a car mechanic to do this. The main thing is to choose the right components. We suggest considering an option upgraded with a fuel drain valve.
Tools and materials
When constructing a meter, the following materials will be required:
- hose for refilling air conditioners with fitting;
- tee with 1/4 thread;
- 2 fittings with a mounting diameter of 6 mm;
- faucet with 1/4 thread;
- pressure gauge with a user-friendly scale of 6 atmospheres.
The size of the hose for refilling the air conditioner must be selected in accordance with the size of the cap, which is attached to the injector ramp. The cap is easily removed, so you can take it with you when you go shopping.
Important! The pressure gauge must be checked for errors before starting work in order to be able to replace it in time.
Tools you will need:
- fumlent for sealing joints;
- hose clamp;
- compressor to check the pressure gauge error.
Homemade fuel pressure gauge: video
Manufacturing process
Step-by-step instructions for making a pressure gauge for measuring fuel pressure:
- Screw the tee to the pressure gauge.
- Attach a faucet to the tee.
- Attach the fittings to the faucet.
- Seal each connection with fume tape.
- Cut the hose. Attach the cut end to the lower fitting on the faucet and secure the structure with a clamp.
A car pressure gauge is necessary to measure the movement of air in the fuel rail. Such a device is easy to assemble yourself, and this will make it possible to constantly monitor the performance of the fuel system.
Compression in internal combustion engine cylinders is measured using special device, called a compression gauge. It is a pressure gauge main feature which can be called the presence of a free valve. Such a pressure gauge does not release the pressure it receives until the maximum value is recorded at the top dead center of the cylinder. Let's try to figure out how to do it and how to make a compression gauge with our own hands?
A new high-quality compression meter is quite expensive, and cheap analogues have serious errors that are unacceptable when carrying out precise measurements. That is why many motorists either go to the station maintenance and take measurements for just a little money, or make a compression meter yourself.
This device can be made using several parts that can be found in the garages of experienced drivers or at any auto parts store.
List of what you will need:
- High pressure hose.
- Nipple (or, as it is also called, spool).
- Pressure gauge.
- Adapters are made of brass, on which the required thread is already cut.
- A valve used on a truck wheel tube.
The last element must be in in good condition and not bent. The diameter is usually 8 millimeters and the end is slightly curved. To use it in the manufacture of a compression gauge, it is necessary to level it, leave the threaded part as is, and the end that was intended for welding into the chamber must be sawed off.
Take a soldering iron and solder a nut onto the cut end of the valve, which you need to screw into the pressure gauge. You need to screw the valve into the resulting tube and insert the hose there. The other end of the hose can be bored into a cone, which will be inserted into the spark plug hole, or a threaded tip can be attached.
Use this homemade device very simple: the free end of the hose is inserted or twisted into the spark plug hole, measurements are taken and recorded on paper. To relieve pressure from the pressure gauge, it is necessary to clamp the spool.
The thread diameters at the end of the hose must exactly match the spark plug hole. This requirement is associated with increased sealing, which must be present at the moment the piston is brought to the top dead center. The accuracy of measurements will depend on this requirement, which also does not exclude the occurrence of small errors. It is still not recommended to rely completely on such a device.
To avoid confusion, try to use the units of measurement on the pressure gauge that are indicated by the manufacturer in the technical literature.
Video - How to make a homemade compression gauge
This is how you make a compression meter yourself. This device will help you save a lot on professional tools and achieve approximately the same result at minimal cost.
If just recently the car’s engine was working properly - fuel and oil consumption, as well as power were within normal limits, but then everything became completely the opposite, then it’s time to check the pressure in the engine cylinders. As you know, the compression drop is not the most best sign for any engine, since the fuel supplied there does not burn completely and remains in the form of sediment, which can cause defects on both the cylinders and pistons.
How to find out compression?
As you already understood, in order to measure compression, you need to purchase a compression meter. After this, it is necessary to perform a number of special actions so that the readings are as accurate as possible and have minimal deviations.
- The engine must be warmed up to operating temperature. This is the time when he can work on full power. Then turn it off.
- While the engine is warm, you need to turn off the fuel pump. If you have injection engine, then you just need to disconnect the special plug designed to power the fuel pump. In the case of a carburetor, disconnect the hose going from the gas line to the fuel pump and the hose on the carburetor float chamber. To prevent it from burning out, disconnect the terminal from it.
- Remove all spark plugs. Many drivers make the common mistake of removing only one spark plug. Doing this is strictly prohibited!
- Now screw the compression gauge into one of the spark plug holes. It is recommended to immediately purchase attachments that are designed for mounting on different engines.
- Ask your partner to get into the car and press the gas pedal all the way. This is done to ensure that the throttle valve is open. Then, he must turn on the starter for 2 seconds.
- Readings are taken from the compression gauge, and this procedure is applied to the remaining cylinders. Operating standards can be found in technical literature according to your car.
- Based on the deviations from the norm obtained during measurements, one can judge the type and scale of the malfunction that affected the engine of your car.
