Violet tricolor. Pansies - growing from seeds for seedlings Tricolor violet reproduces well when
Among the early and beautifully flowering cultivated plants Pansies occupy one of the first places in floriculture. The variety of their colors and color combinations is simply incredible: from pure white to almost black with all sorts of shades of yellow, blue, and red. In the center of the flower there is often a spot of original shape and color. In this article we will talk about the most popular types and varieties of pansies, and also share our experience in growing these beautiful flowers.
Pansies- beautiful, like in a fairy tale! © Jon K Content:
Description of the plant
There are two most popular types of this plant - Violet tricolor and Violet Wittrock. They differ in the shape of the flower. F. Wittrock has more large flowers, and F. tricolor is a small-flowered plant.
- Pansies, or Violet tricolor (Viola tricolor) - herbaceous plant, common in Europe and temperate areas of Asia; species of the genus Violet of the Violet family.
- Wittrock violet, or garden pansies (Viola × wittrokiana) is a herbaceous plant of hybrid origin of the Violet family. Under this name numerous varieties and variety groups obtained with the participation of tricolor violet ( Viola tricolor), Altai ( Viola altaica) and yellow ( Viola lutea) and some other species.
In ancient times, pansies were credited with the ability to bewitch love: one has only to sprinkle the juice of the plant on the eyelids of a sleeping person and wait for him to wake up - he will fall in love forever. The French and Poles give pansies as a keepsake when they are apart. And in England a tradition was born: a young man who is embarrassed to declare his love just needs to send his chosen one this dried flower and write his name.
Pansies - perennials 15 to 30 cm tall, they are usually grown as biennials. Their showy flowers repeat the shape of a violet. The bushes are compact at the beginning of the growing season, then become spreading; the main shoot is erect, root system fibrous. In the axils of the leaves, pansies form peduncles, the ends of which are crowned with single large flowers up to 7 cm in diameter. The special value of pansies lies in their early and abundant flowering. IN middle lane Russia blooms already at the end of April.
Numerous varieties of large-flowered violet are common in culture - a complex hybrid obtained over many years breeding work. Many modern hybrids are heat-resistant and have the ability to bloom throughout the summer.
Pansy, or Viola tricolor. © Dan Chiriţă 
Wittrock's violet, or garden pansy (Víola × wittrokiana). © Vinayaraj Growing and care
Pansies are used for early spring two-shift flower decoration. In the summer, when it loses its decorative value, it is replaced with summer flowers. But depending on the timing of sowing and the adopted agricultural technology, you can get flowering in summer and late autumn. In this regard, pansies are a very flexible, undemanding and easy-to-cultivate plant.
Pansies are propagated mainly by seeds and green cuttings. Depending on the planned time of flowering, sowing is done in different times. To obtain abundant early spring flowering, seeds are sown in the summer of the previous year.
In the northern and northwestern zones, for example, near Leningrad and Murmansk, seeds are sown in open ground (nurseries) in the second ten days of July so that the plants do not develop too much, are not excessively large, and do not bloom in the fall.
Pansies are winter-hardy plants, but in the North-West, and sometimes in the middle zone, they experience freezing and damping off. More often this happens in damp places and when sowing dates are violated. If the seeds are sown in late May-early June, the seedlings bloom in the fall and outgrow. Such plants go into winter already weakened; they do not tolerate winter well and often die out.
Therefore, plants that are well bushed, but not overgrown or weakened by autumn flowering, tolerate overwintering better, do not wither away and bloom well in the spring of next year. With later, belated sowings, the plants go into winter not strong enough and have little bushiness. They winter worse and bloom later in the spring.
A winter with little snow and severe frosts has a negative effect on the overwintering of pansies. Spring can be especially destructive, when the snow melts very early, thaws begin, and at night there are severe frosts. Therefore, it is advisable to retain snow on ridges with pansies. They do not tolerate low, damp places and especially spring stagnation of water.
Pansies are winter-hardy plants. © albert_zsolt Propagation of pansies by seeds
To obtain seedlings, sowing is done in nurseries or on well-cultivated ridges in rows; seeds are not sown densely in a row; seedlings appear on the 6-14th day. Regular care: watering, loosening row spacing. The seedlings are spread to other ridges or nurseries, where they should overwinter. The picking distance is 20x20 cm. Picking must be done in a timely manner, preventing the seedlings from stretching and outgrowing.
On next year In early spring, plants quickly begin to grow and bloom. To speed up flowering, the beds can be covered with film in early spring. Pansies in bloom are transplanted into flower beds. To decorate windows and balconies, they are planted in pots or flower boxes.
Caring for plantings in places of registration consists of systematic weeding and loosening. If necessary, water and control pests. It is useful to feed seedlings ammonium nitrate and add superphosphate (20-40 g per 1 m2). Pansies do not tolerate fresh manure. To prolong flowering in the summer, it is necessary to remove all faded flowers in order to delay the development of fruits, since when seeded, the plants stop flowering.
On the poor dry ones, sandy soils Pansies quickly become smaller, especially varieties with gigantic flowers. It is necessary to apply on such soils organic fertilizers in the form of compost and humus (5 kg per 1 m2), fresh manure is not recommended. In a sunny place, pansies produce large and bright flowers. In partial shade they bloom a little longer, but poorer, the flowers are smaller and not so bright.
In the summer, when pansies fade and lose their decorative value, they are dug up and replaced with annuals.
To obtain seeds, the most typical strong compact specimens are selected from among the plants dug up and planted on seed beds (they can easily tolerate replanting in a flowering state). Watering is necessary.
Considering that pansies are cross-pollinating plants, when planting them for seeds, it is necessary to maintain spatial isolation of one variety from another. This will allow you to obtain pure-quality seeds. Seed collection should begin when the boxes turn yellow, otherwise they will quickly crack and the seeds will spill out.
If desired, pansies can be maintained as annual crop. To do this, seeds are sown in February-March in a greenhouse or room in bowls or picking boxes. In April they dive into greenhouses, and in May they are planted in the ground. At spring sowing observed in pansies long flowering in the summer of the same year. But in terms of the abundance and size of flowers, the annual crop is much inferior to plants grown from summer sowing last year.
For autumn flowering, pansies are sown in April-May; they bloom on the 55-70th day.
If desired, pansies can be grown as an annual crop. © bong tuazon Vegetative propagation
Of great interest vegetative method reproduction hybrid varieties pansies - green cuttings in open ground. It is simple, effective and at the same time allows you to keep the variety pure and get a lot in one summer. planting material. Cuttings are taken from May to July in 2-3 doses. All green terminal shoots with 2-3 nodes are suitable. To do this, low ridges are made in shaded, slightly damp places (under the canopy of trees). They are compacted tightly and watered.
The cuttings are planted tightly to a depth of 0.5 cm, so that the leaves of one cutting are in contact with the leaves of another. On square meter 400 pieces are planted. After planting, spray with water.
In the first days, to avoid wilting, the planted cuttings should be covered with paper soaked in water, creating a more humid atmosphere, which promotes rapid rooting. Care consists of daily watering, spraying, and weeding. After 3-4 weeks, the cuttings give 95-100% rooting. With early (May, June) cuttings, the plants bloom in the summer or autumn of the same year. Later cuttings produce abundant flowering in the spring of next year.
Rooted cuttings are transplanted into ridges or flower beds in the fall. When cuttings are taken very late (August), it is better to leave the rooted plants to overwinter at the cutting sites, covering them with a leaf for the winter. Plants should be planted in flower beds in the spring of next year.
Propagation of hybrid pansies by green cuttings provides rejuvenation of plants, which tend to grow greatly in the third year to the detriment of flowering. About 10 cuttings can be cut from one mother plant at one time, and over the summer - 30-45 pieces.
The best varieties of pansies
Small-flowered varieties
- "Blue Boy"- blue-blue flowers, 3-4 cm in diameter;
- "Snow Maiden"- flowers are white, 3-4 cm in diameter.
- "Little Red Riding Hood"- flowers are bright red, 3.5-4 cm in diameter.
Large-flowered varieties
- "Ice King"- the flower is white with a barely noticeable yellowish-green tint. The lower three petals have purple spots, the edges are smooth. Flower on a long stalk (8-10 cm), up to 5 cm in diameter. Bush height 20 cm.
- "Winter Sun"- the flower is bright yellow, on the three lower petals there are dark velvet-brown spots, the edges are uneven. Flower on a long stalk (8-10 cm), 5 cm in diameter. Bush height 20 cm.
- "Heavenly Queen"- the color of the flower when blooming is almost pure blue; in the sun it fades and acquires a light lilac-blue hue. The flower reaches 4.5-5 cm in diameter. The edges of the petals are smooth, the peduncle is long - 9-11 cm. The height of the bush is 20 cm.
- "The Magic of March"- the flower is dark purple, almost black in color when fully blooming. The petals are velvety, the edges are smooth. The flower is 5-5.5 cm in diameter, the peduncle is long (9-10 cm). Bush height 20 cm.
- "Jupiter"- the flower's upper petals are purple-violet at the base and whitish at the top. The color of the three lower petals is also purple-violet, the edges of the petals are even, the pedicels are short (7-8 cm). Bush height 20 cm.
- "Evening Heat"- the flower is brownish-red, on the lower three petals there is more dark spots, the edges of the petals are slightly wavy, the peduncle is long (9-10 cm). The flower reaches 5-5.5 cm in diameter. The bush is low 10-15 cm.
Pansies are ideal for container growing. © Online Plant Guide Gigantic varieties
- "Blue"- the flower is violet-blue, there are dark purple spots on the three lower petals, the edges of the petal are even, the flower is 6-7 cm in diameter, on a long peduncle (10-11 cm). Bush height 25 cm.
- "White"- the flower is white with a barely noticeable yellowish-greenish tint, reaches 6-7 cm in diameter, the edges of the petals are slightly wavy, the peduncle is long (9-10 cm). Bush 20 cm high.
- "Golden yellow"- the flower is monochromatic, golden-yellow in color, reaches 6-7 cm in diameter, the edges of the petals are even, the peduncle is long (10-12 cm). Bush height 20 cm.
Possible growing problems
Of the pests, pansies can be affected by aphids and cutworms, against which appropriate drugs are used. Diseases that occur if agricultural practices are violated include blackleg, root and stem rot, spotting, and powdery mildew.
Thanks to unpretentiousness and abundant flowering Pansies are grown in flower beds and in balcony boxes, decorate plantings of bulbous flowers and alpine slides. At proper care they will delight you with their flowering early spring until late autumn.
There is a legend that after many years of waiting, the faithful girl Anyuta turned into this flower, who once saw off her groom to protect his native land, who never returned. And now, like many years ago, pansies stand near the road, “peering” into the distance with hope.
The benefits of the tricolor violet and its beauty have been valued and used at all times. Violet or pansy in Ancient Greece was a symbol of Athens. In the Middle Ages, Christians saw it contrasting decor divine symbols - the three faces of the Holy Trinity and the all-seeing eye of God the Father.
Further, the violet flower lost its divine halo and now it is simply called pansy or bratki, forest bratchik, garden bratchik, glistnik, scrofula, Ivan-da-Marya, kamchug, half-flower, magpie seed, three-flowered, Trinity grass and others.
Numerous popular names indicate the unique color of the flower and the various medicinal properties of violets.
Scientific names "Viola" - the ancient Roman name for all violets. Species name " tricolor" translated three plus color, that is, three-color, characterizes the color of three colors.
Where does the tricolor violet live?
The violet flower can be an annual or biennial plant up to 40cm high with a thin fibrous root and a triangular stem.
The leaves are alternate, oblong. Flowers emerge from the axils of the leaves and develop at the ends of the peduncles. Five petals corolla different colors and size. The two upper petals are elongated in a deeper color, the 2 lateral petals are light and round, the lower one is larger than all the others. The fruit is an ovoid capsule with three valves and one nest.
Tricolor violet grows throughout our country, except, of course, in the northern regions. As an alien plant it can be found in Siberia.
This light-loving plant, open habitat, tolerates only very slight shade. It is found in meadows, field edges, forest edges, forest clearings, clearings, along the edges of peat bogs, on the banks of reservoirs not covered with turf, and on the sides of country roads.
A similar species is field violet. It differs in that it is self-pollinating, it has white upper flowers, the middle ones are bright yellow, the lower petals, and the corolla are equal to the calyxes or slightly longer. The composition of tricolor violet and field violet are the same. The field one is allowed to be used along with the three-color one.
Harvesting workpiece
Tricolor violet grass is cut out with a knife during flowering in May-June, and folded into a paper bag. Dry in a well-ventilated area, stirring the raw materials periodically. It is advisable to dry as quickly as possible. Store for two years.
Violet tricolor composition
Grass:
- saponins up to 14%;
- mucus;
- essential oil;
- tannins;
- flavonoids - rutin, violaquerticin, violatin, isovitexin, orientin and others;
- carotenoids;
- ascorbic acid;
- vitamin P, E;
- coumarins;
- phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives;
Flowers
- essential oil;
- routine
- anthocyanin glycosides;
- vitamins;
- flavonoids and others useful substances.
Violet tricolor medicinal properties
The stems, leaves, and flowers are used for medicinal purposes and used as a decoction, infusion or tea.
- tricolor violet relieves inflammation, has a diuretic, enveloping effect;
- the infusion is used as an expectorant - whooping cough, acute respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis, bronchopneumonia;
- Violet herb cleanses the blood, is useful for angina pectoris, arthritis, atherosclerosis,, rickets, epilepsy, dysentery;
- varicose veins, glaucoma - eat 30-100 mg of violet flowers daily. Flowers contain rutin, which strengthens the walls of capillary vessels and lowers eye pressure;
- treats gallbladder diseases, kidney;
- women's diseases, headaches;
- difficulty urinating, cystitis, inflammation of the appendages;
- as an enveloping, anti-inflammatory - gastritis;
- relieves toothache, treats periodontal disease;
- tricolor violet an ancient remedy for getting rid of milk scabs and eczema in young children (the infusion is added to the water where food is prepared);
- externally, internally, an infusion of violet herbs - acne, skin tuberculosis and other skin diseases;
- wounds and ulcers are sprinkled with tricolor violet herb powder;
- helps with bad breath;
- herb powder is taken as an expectorant 1g for adults, 0.5g for children;
- lotions, baths - exudative diathesis, eczema, allergic diathesis;
- as an addition to the main treatment, a decoction or infusion of violet herbs is used for cancer;
Herbal infusion: 20g of dried flowers, 200ml of boiling water, kept in a thermos for 2 hours, strained. Drink 100 ml twice a day.
Herbal decoction: 1 tbsp. crushed raw materials, a glass of boiled water, cook for a quarter of an hour, cool for 45 minutes. Filter, squeeze out the residue, bring the volume to the original volume with boiled water. Drink 1/3 glass four times a day after meals
Violet tincture: 25g violet flowers, 10ml alcohol. Take 25-30 ml three times a day before meals. Evening rinse - 10 ml of tincture per 200 ml of water. Helps with all the diseases listed above.
Articular rheumatism, gout, arthritis: a tablespoon of dry herb, 250 ml of boiling water. Leave it wrapped for two hours and express it. Take 1 tbsp. 3 times a day.
Violet tea: the herb is brewed in a ratio of 1:10, heated for 1/4 hour. Use 1 tbsp. 4 times a day.
Exudative diathesis: 8g of dry plant, 300ml of water, leave overnight. Boil for ten minutes in the morning and drink on an empty stomach with sweetened milk for three weeks.
Expectorant for colds: 20g of herb, 200ml of boiling water, filter after three hours. Take 1 tbsp. four times a day.
Violet oil: 100ml olive oil, 2 tbsp. dried tricolor violet flowers, 1 tbsp. Plush budra leaves are mixed and boiled for 10 minutes in a water bath. Infuse in a sealed container until cool, filter. Used to treat skin diseases.
Colds, gastrointestinal diseases, kidney diseases: tablespoon violet herb, 250 ml boiling water, soak water bath 15 minutes, when it cools down, strain, squeeze out the sprat. Drink 100 ml 2 times.
Diarrhea, diuretic: 2 tsp. tricolor violets, a glass of boiling water, filter after 10 minutes. Drink a glass 3 times a day. Used for compresses and lotions for inflammation of the sebaceous glands.
Blood purifier: 20g of tricolor violet, 1 liter of boiling water, kept in a thermos for 10 hours. Drink a glass 3 times a day.
Collections with violet
Bronchial asthma: take the same amount by volume of tricolor violet, large plantain, Scots pine buds, and creeping pine. 2 tbsp. collection, 250 ml of boiling water, leave for half an hour, strain. Drink 1/3 glass 4 times a day after meals.
Restoration of pancreatic functions: 10g each of tricolor violet, greater celandine herb, knotweed herb, St. John's wort herb, corn silk. A tablespoon is poured with 250 ml of boiling water. Infuse until cooled, strain. Drink a glass 3 times a day, warm, before meals.
Gouty arthritis: 2 parts - burdock root, tripartite herb, part - tricolor violet, creeping wheatgrass rhizome, bearberry leaves. A tablespoon of the mixture, 250 ml of boiling water, filter after an hour. Dosage - 1/2 cup four times a day.
Psoriasis:1.5 tbsp. tricolor violet herbs, great celandine herbs are poured with 250 ml of boiling water, after an hour they are drained. Drink 0.25 ml 4 times an hour after meals. At the same time, take hot baths with celandine.
Pathological menopause: 2 parts tricolor violet, three parts each buckthorn bark, licorice root. 4 tbsp. mixture, a liter of boiling water, strain after half an hour. Drink 200ml in the morning, take a few sips in the evening.
Contraindications: p In case of overdose or prolonged use, vomiting, diarrhea, and itchy rash are possible.
Violet tricolor is commonly known as pansy. This wild one- or two-year-old plant grows in the European part of the mainland and in some Asian countries. The plant is used for decorative decoration flower beds and flower beds. In traditional and folk medicine, dried violet tricolor herb, collected during the flowering of the plant, is used. The grass has a large number medicinal properties used in medicine.
What beneficial substances are included in the composition?
Pansies include the following active ingredients:
- Salicylic acid has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antipyretic, analgesic, and irritant effects.
- Rutin and quarcetin (P-vitamins) have a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, reduce the fragility of capillaries, inhibit blood clotting, and prevent the development of thrombophlebitis.
- Corned beef has an irritating effect; in small doses it has a positive effect on the secretions of all glands. This has a beneficial effect on the bronchi, promotes better liquefaction and removal of sputum.
- Tannin is used in traditional and folk medicine as a hemostatic, antidiarrheal agent with an astringent property.
- Polysaccharides stimulate the development of beneficial microflora in the intestines, have bifidogenic properties, and have an anti-inflammatory effect.
Tricolor violet is rich in minerals. It contains iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, chromium, selenium, boron.
Important! Useful properties violets are used for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
Medicinal properties
In folk medicine, violet is used to treat respiratory diseases: severe cough, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis, whooping cough. Due to the property of enhancing the secretion of bronchial glands, infusions and decoctions facilitate the separation of sputum. For inflammatory diseases genitourinary system infusions are used for difficulty urinating and prostate problems. In complex therapy, pansies are used to treat cystitis and urolithiasis.
Thanks to salicylic acid, folk remedies with violet effectively cope with rheumatic pain, arthritis and gout. Since ancient times, pansies have been used to treat skin diseases: neurodermatitis, skin itching and various kinds eczema. The herb can reduce the body's sensitivity to allergens. The plant is used in the treatment of allergic dermatitis and exudative diathesis.
The mucous polysaccharides that make up pansies form an enveloping and protective film. The plant is used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
In gynecology, tricolor violet is used as a means to contract the uterus during the postpartum period. Women use pansy decoctions to restore and treat hair.
For young children, baths with infusion are prescribed for scrofula, pustular rashes, diathesis, and skin tuberculosis. Children's rickets is effectively treated with decoctions containing violet tricolor herb.
Interesting! At correct landing and caring for violets at home, they will always delight you with their beautiful flowers.
Contraindications for use
Violet tricolor herb should be used with caution for medicinal purposes. When using, you must strictly adhere to the dosage. Before starting use, it is recommended to consult with your doctor. All these contraindications are due to the presence of toxic substances in the plant, which, if used incorrectly, can lead to poisoning.
Attention! It is forbidden to use pansies as remedy with inflammatory diseases of the liver, with damage to the glomeruli (glomeruli of the kidneys) and with individual intolerance.
Violet tricolor tea
Traditional healers use tricolor violet tea as a blood purifier, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic. It is prepared as follows: pour 5 g of dried pansy herb into the teapot, pour 200 ml of boiling water, close and let the tea brew for 15-20 minutes. The healing infusion should be consumed 100 ml 3 times a day.
This remedy works great for severe dry coughs, especially in children. However, for children under 14 years of age, daily intake of tricolor violet tea should be limited. Children are prescribed 50 ml of infusion 4 times a day.
The best folk recipes
The healing properties of pansies are widely used in folk medicine. The following recipes are used for medicinal purposes:
For whooping cough in children
For whooping cough in children, an infusion of fragrant violet herb, prepared as follows, effectively helps: 10 g of the herb is poured into a thermos, poured 500 ml of boiling water and infused for no more than 10-15 minutes. The resulting infusion is taken several sips every 3 hours. The course of treatment is 3-4 days. After a few days the child will feel relief.
Useful advice! You can add honey to the infusion to improve the taste.
Anti-cough
For severe dry cough, a herbal collection is used, which is prepared from tricolor violet herb, plantain leaves, fennel fruits and sundew herb roundleaf. All ingredients, taken in equal proportions, are thoroughly mixed. To prepare the infusion, use 1 tbsp. Pour a spoonful of the mixture into a glass, fill it to the top with boiling water and let it stand for half an hour. The infusion is taken a quarter glass up to 4 times a day.
We treat diathesis in children
To treat diathesis in children, baths with tricolor violet infusion are used. Such procedures can be carried out, if necessary, from the first months of the child’s life. To prepare an infusion for children's baths, you will need 200 g of herbs and 10 liters of water. The components are mixed, boiled over low heat for 12-15 minutes and infused for an hour. The resulting infusion is filtered and poured into a bath of warm water. The duration of the procedure is from 10 to 20 minutes.
Attention! For adults, you will need to increase the amount of dry raw materials to 500 g.
For exudative diathesis, a decoction from the mixture is prescribed medicinal herbs: violet herbs, buckthorn bark and licorice root. The first ingredient is taken in the amount of 40 g, the rest - 30 g each. To prepare the decoction, 10 g of the mixture is poured into a glass of boiled water, boiled over low heat for half an hour and infused for 10-15 minutes. The cooled broth should be filtered and taken by adults 2 glasses a day.
Attention! For children, the dose is reduced and prescribed only by a pediatrician.
Recipe for the flu
For the flu, a violet decoction is used, prepared from 2 g of herb and 1 cup of boiling water. The product is infused for 15 minutes. The resulting solution should be used to gargle for sore throat, flu and other diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
For rheumatism and gout
For rheumatism, gout and arthritis, use tricolor violet tea, prepared according to the following recipe: 2 teaspoons of raw material are poured into 200 ml of boiling water. The tea is brewed for 10 minutes and taken 200 ml in the morning and evening.
For mastitis, the green mass of tricolor violet is crushed and applied as a compress to the chest. After 2 days, the compress is removed.
Copes with scrofula symptoms
Pansy ointment effectively copes with the symptoms of scrofula.
- To prepare a healing remedy, you will need 10 g of violet herb, 5 g of dry verbena and budra herb.
- All ingredients are mixed, pour 100 ml sunflower oil and boil over very low heat for 5 minutes.
The cooled mixture is filtered and poured into a small jar. The areas affected by scrofula are regularly lubricated with the resulting ointment.
When taking folk remedies with tricolor violet, you must strictly monitor the dosage. A repeated course of treatment, if necessary, is possible only after a month's break.
FIND MEDICAL HERBS BY FIRST LETTER
OR BY DISEASE CLASSIFIER
It is not known for certain when and how pansies appeared. There are many legends about the origin of this flower., but which of them are true and which are not is unknown. Already during the reign of the Gods on Earth they already existed.
One day, the goddess Venus decided to swim away from human eyes. She found a hidden corner in a remote grotto. She splashed in the water for a long time, and suddenly heard a rustling sound. Turning around, she saw several eyes of curious mortals.
Venus was angry and punished them for their curiosity. Unable to punish them on her own, she turned to Zeus for help, but at the last moment he changed his mind and turned the curious into pansies.
In Germany they call pansies stepmother. This name was not invented by chance.
The lower petal is the largest and most beautiful. It symbolizes a dressed-up stepmother. The other two, which are located a little higher, are beautifully dressed daughters, but the last two remaining are stepdaughters in poor clothes.
The legend has been preserved. At first, the stepmother was upstairs and the stepdaughters were downstairs. That was until God intervened. He took pity on his stepdaughters and turned the flower over. The stepmother got a spur, and the daughters got mustaches.
General description of tricolor violet
Violet tricolor – a plant with an erect, thin and branched stem with a height of 10-20 cm. The arrangement of the leaves is regular. Their shape is round and heart-shaped. They are adjacent to large lyre-shaped stipules.
The stem leaves are sessile, and the lower leaves are petiolate. Single, large, irregularly shaped flowers open on long stalks. They reach a diameter of 3.5 cm. One corolla is formed by five petals, which do not repeat each other in shape.
The lowest petal is white or yellow. It is larger than the two upper blue-violet or dark purple petals and the two light purple side petals.
After the pansies fade, a box forms. Once it dries a little, it will crack and expose the seeds.
Is this plant annual or perennial?
Pansies are perennial plants. Most amateur gardeners buy in two- or annual plants. Why not perennials? The point is that over the years there is no time beautiful flower loses its beauty and uniqueness. He gets old after 3 years. Because of this, the buds become smaller, and over time they do not form at all.
Photo
Appearance
What does an annual or biennial terrestrial herbaceous plant look like?
Root
At the pansies thin, tap root, lightly branched, brown in color. It penetrates the ground almost vertically.
Stem
It is also branchy. It is triangular. The stem is either pubescent or bare. The hairs are bent downwards. It's hollow inside. Its height is 10-30, occasionally 45 cm. Sometimes several creeping and erect stems extend from one root.
Leaves
The arrangement of the leaves is regular. They are petiolate. They can be either glabrous or sparsely hairy along the veins. The shape of the lower leaves is broadly ovate. The petioles are long.
They look different upper leaves. They already have an oblong-lanceolate shape. The petioles on them are already short. Each leaf has two stipules. Their shape is pinnately lyre-shaped. They are longer than leaf petioles.
Frontal simple raceme – type of inflorescence. In due time, zygomorphic flowers appear on the peduncles of pansies. Peduncles emerge singly from the leaf axils. At the top of the peduncles, very close to the flower, there are two small bracts.
The calyx of the flower is formed by five leaves. It does not fall off after flowering. The shape of the leaflets is elongated-lanceolate, pointed. They are delicately hairy. The lower sepals are larger in size than the upper ones. The corollas are assembled from five free petals.
Predominant in color blue and its various shades. All the petals that form a flower are of different shapes and sizes. There are many legends about the flowers and their color, but pansies are what they are – beautiful, unique and memorable.
The number of stamens is five. They are pressed to the pestle. They are in contact with the anthers of the stamen filaments, which are short and barely noticeable. The flower has one pistil.
Seeds and fruits
After the pansies fade, the fruit will form. It is a greenish box with a length of up to ten millimeters. The seeds in it are located close to the walls. The box is surrounded by a calyx. When it is fully ripe, three doors will open and the seeds will fall out.
The seeds are small. Their length is 1.25-1.75 mm, and their width and thickness are 0.75-1 mm. Their shape is obovate. There is a small appendage. They are either light yellow or light brown. If pansies are planted early, they will bloom early and produce their first seeds in June.
One box can contain up to 3 thousand seeds with a total weight of 1.5 g. If you collect the seeds and organize proper storage, they will retain their germination capacity for up to 2 years.
The most popular varieties
There are two categories of plant varieties. The first is large-flowered, and the second is small-flowered. Amateur flower growers buy large-flowered pansies. They make a mistake because small-flowered varieties are stronger and hardier. They are not afraid of rain or temperature changes.
Pansies - name garden variety. Scientific name– Wittrock violet.
There are three types of plants: tricolor violet, yellow violet and Altai violet. Breeders have created many varieties and variety groups, using the species listed above as a basis.
Small-flowered
- Blue boy. This variety has small flower. Its diameter is 3-4 cm, and its color is blue-blue.
- Snow Maiden. The diameter of the flower is small - up to 4 centimeters, and the buds themselves are snow-white.
- Little Red Riding Hood. A variety with bright red flowers up to four centimeters.
Gigantic
- Golden yellow. The flowers reach a diameter of 7 cm. They are monochromatic and their color is golden yellow.
- White. The color of the buds is white with a visible yellowish-greenish tint. The edges of the petals are wavy.
- Blue. The buds are violet-blue. Their edges are smooth. The 7-centimeter flower holds well on an 11-centimeter peduncle.
Medicinal properties
Tricolor violet has healing properties medicinal properties due to its extraordinary composition. It contains ascorbic acid, coumarins, salicylic acid, tannins, saponins, tannins, essential oils, violoquercitrine, etc. The richness of the composition determines effective help in diseases.
- Expectorant.
- Diuretic.
- Anti-inflammatory.
- Antibacterial and antimicrobial.
- Antispasmodic.
- Choleretic.
- Sweatshop.
- Blood purifier.
- Calming.
- Relieving itching.
- Healing wounds.
Teas, infusions and decoctions are prepared from the plant to help a person recover faster. Along with them, traditional medicines are taken. It is recommended to treat diseases with infusions and decoctions of pansies. respiratory system
(for example, bronchial diseases, tuberculosis, pneumonia).
Nasal drops made from the plant help with a runny nose and sinusitis. Newborns experience itching and inflammation after mosquito bites. Remedies have been dealing with them for a long time traditional medicine from tricolor violet.
To cure severe diathesis in a child, prepare an infusion:
- Take four parts of string and violet and one part of bittersweet nightshade.
- All components are mixed.
- 10 grams of herbal mixture is poured into 250 ml of boiling water.
- Two hours after infusion, take the infusion orally.
The dose is 15 ml, and the frequency of administration is 5 times a day. The infusion is added to the bath when washing the baby.
Taking decoctions from it internally, they fight nervous tension, insomnia, fatigue, irritability and anxiety. It helps people with arthritis and dermatitis, gout and eczema. Doctors recommend brewing tricolor violet herb to patients with severe cough, vitamin deficiency, polyarthritis, and skin diseases.
It is taken orally by women who have given birth and whose uterine bleeding does not stop. Decoctions and infusions will help patients with the following diagnoses: asthma, hernia, scrofula, arthritis.
What do they symbolize?
Pansies are a symbol of devotion, fidelity and wisdom.. Since they are the first to bloom after the snow melts in the spring, they symbolize spring.
Many legends have been formed not only about the flower, but also about its origin. An old belief says that one day the girl Anyuta showed excessive curiosity, becoming interested in the details of someone else's life. As punishment they turned her into a flower. The Romans believed that the flower appeared because of Venus’s anger at men spying on her bathing.
Rus' has its own legends. Because of love, the girl Anyuta turned into a flower. She fell in love with the young man, and he reciprocated her feelings. Since he was from a wealthy family, his parents insisted on his marriage to another, wealthier girl. Anyuta could not stand his betrayal and weak will. She died.
There was another girl, Anyuta, who sent her betrothed to the war, from which he did not return. She looked through all her eyes, peering into the distance, and died without waiting. In the place where she was waiting for him, a flower of wondrous beauty and extraordinary blossomed.
And absolutely scary story lastly. In one village there lived a girl Anyuta. She was kind and trusting. One day a handsome young man came to her village. The girl could not resist him, she trusted him, but he deceived her. He promised to return for her, but did not return.
Anyuta soon died of melancholy, and marvelous flowers, similar to her unusual eyes, bloomed on the grave. They contained white (mutual feelings), and yellow (surprise at the act), and purple (collapsed hopes and sadness) spots.
Conclusion
Pansies are a beautiful flower about which legends and stories are made. It not only has unusual buds with multi-colored spots depending on the variety. He is a real helper in diseases when traditional medicine is less effective.
If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.
Growing tricolor violet and using the flower
Violets, moths, pansies - that’s how these are lovingly called tender plants, delighting us from the very first warm days of April until the end of summer.
They bloom, despite the still very cold nights, competing with primroses, and can have different shades and colors even in the same clearing.
If you plant a wild violet on your plot, it will never leave you.
The seeds formed on the violet scatter over a distance of up to 2 meters.
The same beautiful plants will constantly grow from the scattered seeds, appearing either on the lawn or in the flower garden, while nothing has bloomed there yet.
The violet can be placed in a rocky garden, on alpine slide and near an artificial reservoir.
It will delight you not only with its variety of colors, but will also give you the opportunity to stock up medicinal raw materials against colds for a long winter.
Yellow-eyed Anyutka
This is not a joke at all!
After all, Pansies
They blossomed like in a wonderful fairy tale!
Blue - naughty
And they are bottomless.
Yellow and blue
As if with white frost.
As if they sat on the meadows
Moths of all shades!
Among the Slavic peoples, many conspiracies for love and for a betrothed were associated with the field violet. Girls wove wreaths from it and scattered its buds in order to quickly get married.
Tricolor violet - find and recognize
Violet tricolor is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant - 10-35 cm in height. Single multi-colored violet flowers bloom on pedicels emerging from the axils of ovoid leaves and consist of five unequal petals. They can be from 1.5 to 3 cm in diameter, depending on the conditions in which the plant grows. Tricolor violets can be found in meadows, forest glades and along roadsides throughout our country.
To the country first aid kit
For medicinal purposes, violet stems and flowers are collected and the roots are dug up. Violet tricolor herb is used as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic, disinfectant, diaphoretic and sedative. It contains vitamin C, and is also widely used as an expectorant in the form of infusion and mixture for catarrh of the respiratory tract.
- The stems, leaves and flowers of violets should be collected during flowering, dried in the shade and stored for up to two years;
- Wine infused with violets is considered medicinal;
- Baths with violet decoction cleanse the skin and are recommended for children with scrofula and prickly heat;
- For stomatitis and toothache, you can chew violet flowers and leaves;
- Violet tea and even just the smell of violets helps with headaches;
- A decoction of violet with honey should be drunk for colds and coughs;
- Tea made from violet leaves and burdock roots will relieve pain from rheumatism, gout and arthritis.
Violet roots serve as an emetic and laxative.
