Moire coating. Types of powder paint coatings. Flaw or Feature: Moire Color in Fine Art
A moire color or pattern creates a visual sequence with the obligatory overlay of similar patterns relative to each other. For example, when two identical (usually transparent) patterns on a flat or curved surface are superimposed at an offset relative to each other.
These can be straight lines that take the form of grids or points that overlap each other with rotation or displacement.
How would you say it in French?
The term comes from the French word moiré - moire, also called moira. It means a ripple or wave, a striping pattern that appears when an object is examined under different angles falling light. Moiré is also a type of fabric.
Traditionally, the moire color, or more correctly, the pattern, was associated with the type of fabric, usually silk High Quality. Ripples or waves can now be seen on cotton and synthetic fiber fabrics.
The picture shows the moire effect; it doesn’t matter what color it might be.
Structure formation or fine design
In addition to developing on fabrics, moire patterns are often an undesirable artifact of digital imaging and computer graphics images. For example, something like this visual effect appears when scanning a fuzzy image through a transparent checkered pattern.
The photo above shows a moire pattern. The lines can represent the fibers in the silk as ripples or waves, and they can be drawn on paper or appear on a computer screen. To the question of why this happens:
- The nonlinear interaction of systems of multidirectional lines creates a real and visible moire color or pattern of approximately parallel dark and light stripes superimposed on each other in an offset manner.
The photo below is a vivid example of wave visualization.
- If the lines are curved or not exactly parallel, more complex linear moirae are created, as in the photo of the parrot's wing.
- Patterns revealing complex shapes or sequences of symbols embedded in one of the layers (in the form of periodically repeating compressed figures) usually give very interesting images that are specially created using moira groups.
- One of the most important properties All types of moire are their ability to magnify or stretch tiny shapes of lines, stripes, dots along one or both stretch axes, creating stunning 2D effects.
A general 2D example of magnification and distortion of the underlying pattern can be seen by viewing a chain link through another chain link of identical design. The subtle design of shimmering ripples is clearly visible even from a distance.
What color is moiré? A photo of a garage door shows a pattern - the effect of the design lines shifting relative to each other. The gate is a structure of two planes with metal strips connected with an offset.
Flaw or Feature: Moire Color in Fine Art
Simulate colored moira using modern technologies in order to still achieve a high-quality image, it is quite difficult.
The best color scheme provide images of fabrics or finely constructed enclosures.
Black and white moire is more amenable to experimentation. For example, the Italian designer Andrea Minini began an experiment in designing images of animals with a graphical offset effect.
- In order to achieve complex shapes and depth, he begins drawing the object with a small number of basic lines.
- Using Adobe Illustrator, Minini deepens the design in different directions, creating wonderfully textured moire patterns.
- Each illustration is unique and interesting with its intense expressiveness.
Moire color and shape, photo by Andrea Minini.
Waves on posters
But usually moira is considered a defect or artifact, especially, for example, in printing full-color images that involve the overlay of halftone screens.
These are rectangular dot patterns, four of them to be exact, printed in cyan, yellow, magenta and black. You can’t completely get rid of stains and spots, but when favorable conditions the overall image is quite “dense”, and the spatial frequency of moire is so high that it is not noticeable.
In fact, in the visual arts, the term means excessively noticeable distortion, that is, the deliberate use of waves and lines. True, the visibility of moire is not always predictable. Everything is done by trial and error, so sometimes you get amazing images with unusual results, like in a painting by Brian Thomas. Moire with discoloration is shown in the photo below.
Now he's on TV
Moire patterns have been used in the textile industry for a long time. At the royal courts, ribbons made of fabric with shimmer served as a badge of honor.
Studying microscopic changes in fabric tension, deformation of the main weaving lattice in relation to, for example, the weaving lattice on the right, always gives new and new moiré colors and patterns.
No matter how we feel about moire, we cannot but agree that it is an interesting and mysterious visual effect that makes us rethink it, study it and find application in everyday reality.
Beautiful shimmering moire
Currently, the term "moiré" is most often used in image processing. Few photographers know that the name of the transition effect of one color shade another featured an iridescent moire fabric that was once an attribute of supreme power.
This name comes from the French language, in which it means “irridescent”, “worried”. This is the name of silk iridescent fabric, on the surface of which, depending on the angle of illumination, a wave-like pattern appears, reminiscent of tree rings. To achieve this effect, a heterogeneous structure of the material is required, which is obtained in several ways:
- Dense silk fabric is rolled between heated cylinders, as a result of which the threads move and cause non-uniform refraction of the light incident on them. This fabric is called gromoir and is the most luxurious.
- Antique moire is made by regularly changing the weave of threads according to certain rules, which results in a repeating sheen that forms a fairly large ornament.
- Several rare mesh fabrics are placed in a random order on top of each other, and the mismatch of the intersection of the fibers causes the light to shimmer and create interesting optical effects. This fabric is called multi-layer moiré.
Antique moire - a fabric that was made only from silk, was very expensive and prestigious. In the middle of the last century, acetate began to be used for it, and later synthetics, which made this material more accessible, but the processing methods and its main varieties remained the same. In any case, moiré always has a plain weave and a uniform color of the fibers.
What is made from moire?
The birthplace of this material is France. Luxurious and expensive moire fabric belonged to the highest strata of society. Luxurious suits and dresses for titled persons were made from it, and moire ribbon was a badge of honor. This meaning of the iridescent silk ribbon has been preserved to this day; an order or medal is attached to it, and it can be worn instead of the corresponding award.
The most expensive was the gromoire, which can often be seen in ceremonial portraits of the 18th century. Cheaper antique moire and multi-layer moire were used for elegant evening and wedding dresses, as well as for decorating luxury apartments.
A surge in fashion for this fabric occurred at the beginning of the last century, when the “noisy moire dress” became synonymous with exquisite beauty.
Currently, silk moiré is an exclusive fabric; materials based on acetate and synthetics are more often used. They are very beautiful and sophisticated, hold volume well and require the simplest cut, but they should not be used for products that are constantly exposed to friction (trousers, tight-fitting skirts, furniture covers). But moire curtains on the windows look extraordinarily beautiful and stylish in any lighting.
You may have already seen moire in images - it's a strange wave-like pattern that doesn't appear on the subject.
This effect occurs when an image of an object with many details, such as lines, is superimposed on the pattern of pixels on the matrix.
As a result, it is most often seen in detailed, high-contrast images of patterns. It usually appears when photographing fabric, hair, or scenes that contain repeating details, such as pronounced vertical lines in architecture.
As you can see in the picture, when two patterns are superimposed on each other, moiré is formed.
What is color distortion?
This term is used to refer to those colors in a digital image that differ from real colors object. The light coming from an object is not detected by all RGB color sensors, which causes the stored colors to change. On digital images Moire and color distortion usually appear together.
In the image above, the U-shaped pattern on the slate wall is the result of moire. In addition, there are areas of red color in the image, which are the result of color distortion.
Many digital cameras use an optical low-pass filter to reduce aliasing and color distortion.
By understanding the nature of these effects and why they occur, these problems can be minimized during shooting or editing.
1. Change the shooting angle and the distance between the camera and the subject.
Since the effects of distortion are affected by the angle at which you shoot and the distance between the camera and your subject, small changes can eliminate or reduce these imperfections. Move the camera left or right, up or down, or move a little closer or further away.
2. Change the focus point.
The reasons for the occurrence of moire and color distortion are very sharp focusing and high detail of the drawings. By manually adjusting the lens and setting the focus slightly in front of or behind the focus point, you can avoid such effects.
3. Change the focal length using a different lens.
4. Decrease the lens aperture.
MTF chart with resolution values for lenses with different meanings diaphragm.
The optimal resolution for each lens is achieved at a certain aperture value (in the graph this is f/8). Optimal resolution is usually achieved by setting the aperture value 2-3 stops below the maximum.
Closing the aperture too much (beyond optimal resolution) will cause diffraction. In this case, the resolution will decrease slightly, but at the same time the distortion effects will also decrease.
To check whether there are such phenomena in the picture, it is best to view the images on a computer screen at full size (100%). When pictures are reduced in size, false moire and color distortion may occur due to the pattern on the monitor tube (or panel).
These effects can appear in images from all digital cameras and scanners, but are more likely to occur in images from digital SLR cameras because of the lens, sensor, and software designed to provide the sharpest, most accurate images possible.
The distortion may not be eliminated, but it can be reduced if you know under what circumstances the problem occurs and how to fix it.
Unlike conventional liquid paint coatings, powder paint allows you to create many different protective and decorative effects. Let's look at some of them.
Zinc powder primer.
If the product will be used in difficult conditions and aggressive environments, it is recommended to apply a preliminary protective covering. Galvanizing with powder primer is an excellent way to protect the metal surface from external influences and prevent the occurrence of corrosion. Powdered zinc primer contains up to 80% zinc, which creates a protective oxide film. When applying such a coating, it is recommended to clean the surface by sandblasting. Any powder paint can be applied over the powder coating.
Glossy or matte powder coating.
Powder paint allows you to achieve different degrees of surface gloss. This effect is created due to the different content of transparent powder particles contained in the powder paint. According to this indicator, coatings are divided into several categories:
- Gloss - from 70 to 90% gloss
- Semi-gloss - from 40 to 70% gloss
- Semi-matte - from 25 to 40% gloss
- Matt - from 10 to 25% gloss
- Deep matte - up to 10% gloss
The choice of one or another degree of gloss is best done while holding samples in hand. various coatings, so how are u different manufacturers Gloss levels may vary.
Covering Shagreen.
This coating has excellent decorative properties. In addition, shagreen hides minor defects in the surface being painted. The shagreen coating has a texture reminiscent of the peel of an orange or lemon.
This effect is created due to special particles that swell during polymerization and form a special coating texture.
Examples of shagreen coating.
Antique coating.
In addition to excellent protective properties, powder coating can give the product a wonderful and unique look. One way is to apply a layer of paint that imitates antique copper, silver or bronze. Currently, many manufacturers of powder paints create real masterpieces that make it possible to give any metal the nobility and mystery of antiquity. This coating is often used to create decorative items. For greater stability, it is recommended to coat such coatings protective layer transparent powder varnish.
Examples of Antique powder coatings
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Moire coating.
Moire coating is perhaps the most beautiful of powder coatings. In texture, moiré resembles fine sandpaper. The colors of the moire coating can be any.
The most preferred colors for this type of coating are black or white. Moiré coating is often used to create unique interior metal products. Like shagreen, moiré coating can hide minor defects on the surface of a metal product.
Along with silk, velvet, satin and brocade, the hero of our today’s article rightfully takes its place among materials associated with luxury and wealth. Moire fabric is one of the most elegant fabrics; its exquisite shine and almost holographic patterns have served as inspiration for many artists and poets.
Photos close up:
Description and history
How can you describe moire? The main difference between moire is its special pattern, similar to wood layers or waves. The unusual nature of moire even gave rise to the term “moire effect.” And the name itself - “moiret” - translated from French means “creating waves”. And this definition fully gives an idea of the “moire effect”.
Initially, moire fabric was silk; this fabric began to be produced in France at the end of the 18th century. At that time, the material personified luxury and was available only to the richest people. Luxurious ladies' and men's toilets were made from moire fabric, Wedding Dresses. And the moire ribbon, in itself, was considered a badge of honor that was worn on the chest.
To tell everything about moire, you would need a whole book - this material has such a rich history.
Pictured is moiré fabric:
So what is moiré material? This is a plain weave fabric, which is created from silk, cotton or synthetic threads. The thickness of the moire and its density can be different, but the canvas is always monochromatic.
How is a moire pattern created on fabric? The fabric undergoes a calendering procedure - treatment with highly heated cylinders, which compress the weft threads and move them to the side. This deformation creates the effect of light refraction, and the displacement creates exquisite patterns.
You can purchase material consisting of polyester at a price of 800 rubles. 
The cost of material made from natural fiber starts from 3,500 rubles.
Compound
Previously, the material was made either entirely from silk, or from silk thread in the warp, and cotton thread in the weft. 
With the development of the textile industry and the invention of synthetic fiber, polyester appeared in the composition of the material, as well as acetate and viscose - fibers based on wood cellulose.
Kinds
- Actually, there are only two types:
- Grimoire. Dense material with fine optical patterns and bright tints.
Moiret antique. Thin material with voluminous large shimmers
Perhaps we’ll add a few words about the velvet-moiré fabric. This is a material that is visually similar to the hero of our article, but has nothing in common with it in terms of production method. In the description of velvet-moire fabric you will find the same moire patterns, but they do not appear on the fabric using the calendering method.
So what is velvet moiré fabric? This is a fabric with thick pile, where the pattern is obtained by combining fibers of different colors and lengths.
Find out what helps him to be so beautiful in another article.
Properties
Positive characteristics:
- Sophisticated and elegant appearance
- The material holds its shape perfectly
- Highly durable
- Draps well
Flaws:
- Difficulties in care
- At improper storage Stable creases form on the fabric, which are then very difficult to get rid of
Application
Moiré fabric is a classic that will never go out of style. It is still widely used:
- Evening dresses and wedding dresses
- Concert costumes
- As a binding material for luxury gift folios
- Curtains, drapes
- Marks of Excellence
- Furniture upholstery (with the condition that the furniture will not be used every day)
Care
- If the material is made of natural silk, and therefore expensive, it is better to entrust the cleaning to professionals
- You can care for fabrics of a lower class at home - hand wash in water no more than 30 degrees, do not rub or twist too much
- Iron from the wrong side, waiting until the product is completely dry
- Store hung or carefully folded
- If creases have formed as a result of storage, the product must be held over steam in the right places, and then ironed from the inside out
