Do-it-yourself hydroelectric power station on your personal plot. DIY water generator. Do-it-yourself damless hydroelectric power stations (HPPs) How to make a small hydroelectric power station on a small pond
Describe in detail what you may need micro-hydroelectric power station, there is no point - the answers to this question are obvious. Let's just say briefly that from the well-known alternative sources energy – solar generators, wind and hydroelectric power stations – the latter are potentially the most powerful at a lower cost. In addition, you do not depend on weather factors - wind or sun.
A significant advantage of a homemade micro-hydroelectric power station is also the relative cheapness and availability of materials. Buying a factory hydroelectric power station can cost you $1000-10000,
However, it is mini-hydroelectric power plants that are the most difficult to design and manufacture, especially for an untrained person. For example, it took enthusiast Lukmon Akhmedov (Tajikistan) about 2 years to produce his own version of the power plant. When writing this article, we tried to outline the entire process in sufficient detail and clearly, step by step. We hope that with our help it will take you much less time.
Types of micro hydroelectric power stations
Let us note right away that in this article we will talk about making damless micro-hydroelectric power stations with your own hands. Building a dam is a complex and expensive task, and you will also have to spend a lot of time getting approval from the authorities. With damless hydroelectric power plants, everything is much simpler: they are more environmentally friendly, and their main disadvantage - lower power - is not critical, because we need energy for private, relatively small needs.
Separately, we note that “micro-hydroelectric power station” means a unit with a capacity of up to 100 kW.
So, there are 4 types of damless hydroelectric power stations: “garland” hydroelectric power station, “ water wheel", Daria rotor and "propeller". Also, damless hydroelectric power plants are often called “flowing” or “free flowing”.
- The Garland hydroelectric power station was developed by the Soviet engineer Blinov in the mid-20th century. It consists of small turbines - hydraulic propellers, strung in the form of beads on a cable that is thrown across the river. One end of the cable is attached to the support bearing, and the other rotates the generator shaft. The cable in this unit performs the task of a shaft, whose rotation is transmitted to the generator shaft. The disadvantages of a garland hydroelectric power station include the relative high cost, danger to others (it is likely that such a project will have to be coordinated with the authorities and neighbors) and low power output.
- The water wheel is installed perpendicular to the surface of the water and is less than half immersed in water. It can be activated in two ways: either the flow of water presses on the blades at the bottom of the wheel, causing it to rotate, or the flow of water falls on the wheel from above (see photo below). The efficiency of the latter option is much higher. When manufacturing a turbine of this type, the main issue is the competent choice of the shape of the blades, which will allow the most efficient use of water energy.
- The Darrieus rotor is a vertical rotor with specially designed blades. Thanks to it, the flow of water presses on the blades with different forces, due to which rotation occurs. This effect can be compared to the lift of an airplane wing, which arises due to the difference in pressure above and below the wing.
- The propeller is similar in design to the propeller of a wind generator (hence, in fact, the name) or the propeller of a ship. However, underwater propeller blades are typically much narrower, allowing the flow energy to be used more efficiently. For example, for a river with a current speed of 1-2 m/s, a width of 2 centimeters is sufficient. Similar design well suited for fast and deep rivers. Important point: For the safety of swimmers and tourists, be sure to install a barrier and a warning buoy. The unit spins quite quickly and can cause serious injury.
In our opinion, for making do-it-yourself micro-hydroelectric power station It is optimal to use a propeller design or a “water wheel” type design. Note that in factory-produced units, turbines of both types have sufficient complex shape(the so-called “Kaplan turbine”, “Pelton turbine”, etc.), which makes it possible to obtain maximum efficiency for various types flow. However, it is difficult to produce such turbines in “home” production.
A little theory about micro hydroelectric power stations and basic calculations.
The next step is to calculate and measure the flow rate. Determining it by eye is very risky - it’s very easy to make a mistake, so measure 10-20 meters along the shore, throw a float (a chip, a small ball) into the water and measure the time it takes for the chip to float the distance. Divide the distance by time - we get the speed of the current. As practice shows, if it is less than 1 m/s, the construction of a micro-hydroelectric power station in a given stream may be unjustified. If we plan to obtain energy due to height differences, then the power can be approximately calculated using the following formula:
Power N=k*9.81*1000*Q*H,
where k - System efficiency(usually 20%-50%); 9.81 (m/sec2) - free fall acceleration; H – height difference;
Q—water flow (m3/sec); 1000 is the density of water (kg/m3).
As can be seen from the formula, power is directly proportional to speed. If a river has several branches, then it is worth measuring the speed in all of them and choosing the stream that has the highest speed and depth. Please note that measurements must be taken in calm weather.
Find the width and depth of the river in meters. Simplified, we assume that the flow in the cross section has the shape of a rectangle, then multiplying the cross-sectional area by its speed, we obtain the flow rate:
Q = a*b*v. Because in fact, the cross-section of the water flow has a smaller area, then the resulting value should be multiplied by 70% -80%.
If we already have a ready-made generator, then we can estimate the possible working radius of the wheel and the required multiplication factor.
Wheel radius (m) = Flow speed (m/s) / Wheel speed (Hz). We can estimate the wheel rotation speed by knowing the operating frequency of the generator (usually in “rpm”) and the expected reduction ratio.
Practice: building micro-hydroelectric power stations ourselves
Now it's time to design and manufacture the turbine. Below we will describe the features of building a micro-hydroelectric power station of the “water wheel” type. This design is advantageous to use if we have the opportunity to organize a height difference for the flow (or such a difference already exists, for example, it is a drain pipe from a pond). As mentioned above, special attention should be paid to the shape of the blades. If you use a wheel with blades in the form of dies (see photo below, in this case the blades are installed at an angle of 45 degrees), then the efficiency of such an installation will be very low.
It is better to use concave blades, which can be obtained, for example, from PVC or metal pipe, cutting it lengthwise into 2 or 4 parts. As practice shows, there should be at least 16 blades. To cut the pipe as straight as possible, draw marking lines along the surface. You can also attach 2 parallel wooden bars and use them as guides. The surface of the blades should be polished, otherwise part of the water energy will be wasted on friction.
You can use an empty cable reel as the wheel itself, or simply make disks of the appropriate diameter. The distance between the disks corresponds to the length of the blades. We connect the disks together and cut out semicircular grooves for installing the blades. Alternatively, the blades can be welded. If the design small size, then you can use a net attached in front of the wheel to protect against debris. In the case when water falls on the blades from above, but the flow is wide enough, it makes sense to make a nozzle (see photo below), thanks to which all the energy of the flow will be used. In the photo above you can see that the waste pipe itself is narrow, so there is no need to use a nozzle. In any case, the flow should fall on the water wheel from above, at about 10 o'clock, if you imagine the wheel in the form of a watch dial.
As supporting structure You can use a welded metal frame. For increasing efficiency Try, if possible, to vary the location of the wheel: closer-further, higher-lower relative to the incoming flow.
Now we need to mount a step-up gearbox (multiplier). Both gear and chain are suitable. Which multiplier to use and what reduction coefficient is needed depends on the flow power, operational characteristics of the wheel and generator. Calculating the coefficient is very simple - working quantity Divide the generator revolutions by the number of wheel revolutions per minute. Sometimes you have to use 2 gearboxes different types. A pipe is used to transmit rotation from the wheel to the gearbox or generator, cardan shaft or other similar element.
Any suitable engine is selected as a generator, and it is desirable that it be synchronous. For asynchronous, you will have to add capacitors operating in a star or delta circuit. The characteristics of capacitors depend on the network voltage and motor parameters. The main problem when using asynchronous motor will maintain a constant number of revolutions. If it changes, you will also have to change the capacitors, which can be very troublesome.
It is at this place that We will try to make our new hydroelectric power station. Previously, attempts had already been made on this pond to create homemade hydroelectric power station from a squirrel wheel with a belt drive to a generator (by the way, it is shown in the photo at the end of the article), which provided a current of about 1 Ampere, this was enough to power several light bulbs and a radio in our small hunting lodge. This power plant operated successfully for more than 2 years, and we decided to create a more powerful version of a similar hydroelectric power plant in place of this mini-dam.
To manufacture a mini dam hydroelectric power station on the m you will need:
Trimmings sheet metal and corners;
- Wheel disks (used from the housing of a failed Onan generator);
- Generator (it was made from two disks with a diameter of 11 inches from Dodge disc brakes);
- The drive shaft and bearings also seem to be from Dodge, we don’t remember exactly, so we removed them with our own hands from some other homemade product;
- copper wire with a cross-section of approximately 15 mm;
- some plywood;
- magnets;
- polystyrene resin for filling the rotor and stator.
Manufacturing process
We make the drive wheel blades from 4-inch cut into 4 parts steel pipe.
We made a template that helped us lay out the hole. The side surfaces of the wheel are 12-inch diameter discs.
We make a template with which we mark the holes for the hubs (5 pieces), as well as the position of the angle of the blades. In such a wheel, if you look from the side, the water hits the top, around 10 o'clock, passes through the middle of the wheel and comes out at the bottom, at 5 o'clock, so the water hits the wheel twice. We have reviewed big number photographs and tried to simulate the width and angle of the blades. In the photo above there are markings for the edges of the blades and holes for attaching the wheel to the generator. The wheel has 16 blades.
The template was glued to one of the disks - the future side surface of the wheel; we clamped both disks together. The photo above shows drilling small holes for positioning the blades.
We create a 10-inch gap between the discs using solid threaded studs and align them as carefully as possible before installing the blades.
The wheel welding process is shown in the photo above. It is very important that the blades are made of galvanized steel pipe. Before welding, it is necessary to strip the zinc from the edges of the blades, since when welding, galvanized metal emits toxic gas, which we try to avoid.
The finished wheel of our future hydroelectric station, without a generator. On the other side of the wheel (opposite the generator), there is a 4-inch diameter hole in the side disk - for ease of screwing to the generator, and also for cleaning, so that you can reach in and remove sticks and other debris that water may carry inside.
The nozzle is the same width (10 inches) as the wheel and about 1 inch tall at the end where the water comes out. The nozzle area is slightly less than 4 inch pipe, on which the nozzle is mounted. In the photo above - we bend a metal sheet with your own hands for the nozzle.
We put the wheel on the axle, our hydroelectric power station is almost ready, all that remains is to make and install the generator. The entire structure is movable. We can move the nozzle forward, backward, up, down. The wheel and generator can move forward and backward.
Manufacturing a generator for our hydroelectric power station.>
We make the stator winding and prepare it for casting. The winding consists of 9 coils, each coil consists of 125 turns copper wire cross section 1.5 mm. Each phase consists of 3 coils connected in series, we brought out 6 ends, so we can make both a star and a delta connection.
And this is the stator after filling. (We use polyester resin to fill it) Its diameter is 14 inches (35.5 cm), thickness is 0.5 inches 1.3 cm.
We make a template from plywood - for marking for magnets.
The photo shows a template and one of the brake discs (future rotor).
We arrange 12 magnets measuring 2.5 x 5 cm and 1.3 cm thick according to the prepared template.
We fill the rotor with polyester resin, and when the resin dries, the rotor is ready for use.
This is what our almost completed hydroelectric power station looks like complete with a generator.
Photo from the other side. Under the aluminum cover there are two bridge rectifiers from a 3-phase alternating current to permanent. Ammeter scale – up to 6A. In this condition, when the air gap between the magnetic rotors is reduced to the limit, the machine produces 12.5 volts at 38 rpm.
In the rear magnetic rotor, there are 3 tuning screws to adjust the air gap, so that the generator can spin faster as needed, hoping to find the optimum.
In their spare time, 17 people took part in the creation of the hydroelectric power station.
Let's start making fasteners; to do this, we first clean all the rust from the sheet metal and corners, prime and paint, this is of course not necessary, but it’s more beautiful this way, and it will look marketable.
Our generator with a water wheel is ready, all that remains is to install it!
It would be nice to build a splash screen for the generator that would rotate with the wheel, but we have never found a suitable material. Therefore, we decided to do this later, if the hydroelectric power station starts working.
Another photo of the generator with a water wheel. The nozzle has not been installed yet, it is in the back of the body and we will install it soon.
The photo shows the place where we want to put it. A 4-inch pipe comes out from the bottom of the dam, about a 3-foot drop. We only take a small part of the water flow.
This is our old micro-hydroelectric power station, which worked for 2 years, including winters. It was enough for 1 Ampere (12 Watts) or so. This is a squirrel wheel, with a belt drive to the engine from a computer streamer from Ametek. Belt tension is critical to successful operation and must be adjusted frequently. We hope we've built something better than this.
Here is our hydroelectric power station in place, we are setting it up. Finally, we arrive at the theoretically predicted parameters: the best result is obtained when the water enters for 10 hours rim, and leaves around 5 o'clock.
It's working! The output is about 2 Amps (1.9 to be exact). It is not possible to increase the current. The adjustments are not easy to make - each movement of the wheel requires a corresponding movement of the nozzle, and vice versa. We can also change the air gap and change the connection from star to delta. The result is clearly better for the star - the power is higher than for the triangle at the same speed. We ended up going with a chainring with 1.25 inches of clearance (quite a lot).
The machine can be made a little cheaper by using less powerful magnets and a smaller air gap... or it can produce more current with the same magnets, less gap and coils with big amount turns. We'll do this someday. In the meantime, the wheel produces 160 rpm at idle, 110 rpm under load, producing 1.9 A x 12V.
We had a lot of fun, it was a lot of fun, and the mini-hydroelectric power station works well. We still need a screen for the generator - the river is full of magnetite sand! Every few hours you have to clean the magnetic rotors from sand build-up. You need to either install a screen or attach a couple of powerful magnets at the entrance to the pipe.
Based on materials from the site: Otherpower.com
Regular increases in electricity prices make many people think about the issue of alternative sources of electricity. One of best solutions in this case, a hydroelectric power station. The search for a solution to this issue concerns not only the scale of the country. More and more often you can see mini-hydroelectric power plants for the home (dacha). The costs in this case will only be for construction and Maintenance. The disadvantage of such a structure is that its construction is possible only under certain conditions. A water flow is required. In addition, the construction of this structure in your yard requires permission from local authorities.
Mini-hydroelectric power station diagram
- Channel, characteristic of plains. They are installed on rivers with low flows.
- Stationary use energy water rivers with fast flow of water.
- Hydroelectric power stations installed in places where the water flow drops. They are most often found in industrial organizations.
- Mobile, which are built using reinforced hoses.
For the construction of a hydroelectric power station, even a small stream flowing through the site is sufficient. Home owners with central water supply should not despair.
One of American companies A station has been developed that can be built into the water supply system of a home. A small turbine is built into the water supply system, which is driven by the flow of water moving by gravity. This reduces the flow rate of water, but reduces the cost of electricity. In addition, this installation is completely safe.
Even mini-hydroelectric power stations are being built in sewer pipe. But their construction requires the creation of certain conditions. Water through the pipe should flow naturally due to the slope. The second requirement is that the pipe diameter must be suitable for the installation of the equipment. And this cannot be done in a separate house.
Classification of mini-hydroelectric power plants
Mini-hydroelectric power plants (the houses in which they are used are mostly in the private sector) most often belong to one of the following types, which differ in the principle of operation:
- Water wheel - traditional type, which is the easiest to implement.
- Propeller. They are used in cases where the river has a bed more than ten meters wide.
- The garland is installed on rivers with a gentle flow. To increase the speed of water flow, additional structures are used.
- The Darrieus rotor is usually installed in industrial enterprises.
The prevalence of these options is due to the fact that they do not require the construction of a dam.
Water wheel
This is a classic type of hydroelectric power station, which is most popular for the private sector. Mini-hydroelectric power plants of this type are a large wheel that can rotate. Its blades descend into the water. The rest of the structure is above the riverbed, causing the entire mechanism to move. The power is transmitted through a hydraulic drive to a generator that produces current.
Propeller station
On the frame in a vertical position there is a rotor and an underwater windmill, lowered under water. A windmill has blades that rotate under the influence of water flow. The best resistance is provided by blades two centimeters wide (with a fast flow, the speed of which, however, does not exceed two meters per second).
In this case, the blades are driven by the resulting water pressure rather than by it. Moreover, the direction of movement of the blades is perpendicular to the direction of flow. This process is similar to wind power plants, only it works underwater.
Garlyandnaya hydroelectric power station
This type of mini-hydroelectric power station consists of a cable stretched over a river bed and secured in a support bearing. Turbines of small size and weight (hydraulic rotors) are hung and rigidly fixed on it in the form of a garland. They consist of two half-cylinders. By aligning the axes when lowered into the water, a torque is created in them. This causes the cable to bend, stretch and begin to rotate. In this situation, the cable can be compared to a shaft that serves to transmit power. One of the ends of the cable is connected to the gearbox. The power from the rotation of the cable and hydraulic propellers is transmitted to it.
The presence of several “garlands” will help increase the power of the station. They can be connected to each other. Even this does not greatly increase the efficiency of this hydroelectric power station. This is one of the disadvantages of such a structure.
Another disadvantage of this species is the danger it creates for others. This kind of station can only be used in deserted places. Warning signs are required.
Rotor Daria
A mini-hydroelectric power station for a private house of this type is named after its developer, Georges Darrieus. This design was patented back in 1931. It is a rotor on which the blades are located. The required parameters are selected individually for each blade. The rotor is lowered under water in a vertical position. The blades rotate due to the pressure difference resulting from water flowing over their surface. This process is similar to the lift that makes airplanes take off.
This type of hydroelectric power station has a good efficiency indicator. Threefold advantage - the direction of flow does not matter.
Among the disadvantages of this we can highlight complex design and difficult installation.
Advantages of mini-hydroelectric power plants
Regardless of the type of design, mini-hydroelectric power plants have a number of advantages:
- They are environmentally friendly and do not produce substances harmful to the atmosphere.
- The process of generating electricity takes place without creating noise.
- The water remains clean.
- Electricity is generated constantly, regardless of the time of day or weather conditions.
- Even a small stream is enough to set up a station.
- Excess electricity can be sold to neighbors.
- You don't need a lot of permitting documentation.
Do-it-yourself mini hydroelectric power station
You can build it yourself to generate electricity. For a private home, twenty kilowatts per day is enough. Even a mini-hydroelectric power station assembled with your own hands can cope with this value. But it should be remembered that this process characterized by a number of features:
- It is quite difficult to make accurate calculations.
- The dimensions and thickness of the elements are selected “by eye”, only experimentally.
- Homemade structures do not have protective elements, which leads to frequent breakdowns and associated costs.
Therefore, if you do not have experience and certain knowledge in this area, it is better to abandon this kind of idea. It may be cheaper to purchase a ready-made station.
If you still decide to do everything yourself, then you need to start by measuring the speed of water flow in the river. After all, the power that can be obtained depends on this. If the speed is less than one meter per second, then the construction of a mini-hydroelectric power station in this location will not be justified.
Another stage that cannot be omitted is calculations. It is necessary to carefully calculate the amount of costs that will go into building the station. As a result, it may turn out that hydroelectric power is not the best option. Then you should pay attention to other types of alternative electricity.
Mini-hydroelectric power station can become optimal solution in terms of saving energy costs. For its construction, there must be a river near the house. Depending on the desired characteristics, you can select a suitable hydroelectric power station option. At the right approach You can even make a similar construction with your own hands.
An interview from Moscow journalist Andrei Polyakov, who kindly provided us with his material, which due to his workload he could not post on his website. The conversation may be interesting to someone, so we posted it here, adding photos and sketches that appeared in the video.
The conversation took place in the summer of 2011.
- Micro hydroelectric power station from air pump(snails).
- Homemade Stepper Low-speed generator on permanent magnets, without gearboxes and rolling bearings, at a mere cost.
- Turbine made of Wood. Is it really real? Sketches.
- How to Transmit mechanical energy over 100 - 5,000 meters without electricity?
- How and what to make a generator from in extreme conditions of network outage?
- The film “Village of Water Mills” is a hint about Harmony with Nature.
- Gravity is a source of energy. Scheme. It's simple.
Erast, at what stage is work on your homemade micro hydroelectric power station now? Will the moment of the first test come soon?
We are just doing it for now. We do what is called “a teaspoon per hour” because of the abundance of worries that also cannot be pushed aside. 95% complete welding work. In other words, the “machine” already exists. All that remains is to stick around with little things, and with them, as you know, there is more fuss than with an array of iron. This includes cleaning, painting and drilling, riveting, assembly with bolts, installation of magnets, windings with semiconductors.
What is this product in general and what is its operating principle?
Simply put, this is an ordinary centrifugal-type air pump, 1.2 meters in size, of which there were and are a great many in enterprises and collective farms, popularly or in the slang of technicians called a “snail”. Its body is slightly reshaped, the outlet opening is opened wider, and its operation, already as a micro-hydroelectric power station or hydraulic turbine, is designed as if backwards. That is, the entrance and exit for air change places, the exit window has become an entrance-socket for the incoming water flow of the river. The body is located lying down, which is very advantageous in shallow waters and on small rivers. Water comes out along the shaft, below and above from two holes cut in both decks. The shaft has stainless steel tips.
An impeller from the same pump with a slightly larger diameter is welded to the shaft and inserted into the housing of this former pump. With this arrangement, a centripetal vortex is formed, which rotates the impeller one and a half to two times faster. Moreover, this acceleration is also helped by the flaps fixed inside, redirecting the flow to the impeller at a more favorable angle, and even with the formation of vortices in the gaps between themselves and the impeller flaps. Thus, the centrifugal air pump became a centripetal type hydraulic turbine, presumably with a power of 0.2 - 0.5 kW. And with even greater current strength it can be “stretched” by 1 kW.
Photo 2. 
What is the point of this alteration and what do we get as a result?
We have an energy source made at extremely low cost. One average pension is enough at cost to produce it. Its power, presumably, should be about 200-500 Watts, based on powering the walkie-talkie, emergency lighting, charging batteries, video-audio equipment, computer, etc. It is transparent, installed and removed by one or two people. Moreover, this is an example of implementation on just one axis of rotation, in two assemblies of birch bearings. Everything is cooled and lubricated with water. Without any gearboxes, pulleys or belts, without high-tech bearings that require lubrication from petroleum products and protection from water with all kinds of seals. Birch can be soaked or boiled in oil, drying oil, rosin, wax, paraffin. Impregnate with any acceptable water-repellent compound. This was precisely the main feature.
A ring 600 mm in diameter, with thirty permanent magnets, should be attached to the impeller. EMF (Electromotive force) occurs in six or nine windings filled with resin to insulate from water. It turns out, in the likeness of stepper motors, a low-speed multiphase (6 or 9-phase) generator. Then, through diode bridges, everything is output to two cable wires and, already on shore, it is finally straightened to direct current. And then “do with him what you want.”
So we are talking about the fact that this thing should work at any time of the year?
Yes. At least under the ice. And almost all year round. But apparently it will be necessary to clean the grass and twigs from sediment and remove them from under the ice before the spring ice drift. Autumn slush - fine ice during the first frosts - is also of course not needed. In general, a couple of months a year fall outside the year of operation.
On what waters? On small rivers or what? That is, in a small current?
It is designed for a current of about 5-8 km/hour. Not less. And here this is exactly the range in areas up to 3-5 meters deep on the core.
How can we call it “small”? Look, when you stand at Kazyr, such power rushes, it takes your breath away. I just want to “come to an agreement” with him, and then harness him somehow...
Photo 3. 
It's clear. Using the example of this micro hydroelectric power station, can more powerful ones be created?
Yes. More powerful ones can be created. But I wouldn’t go down this path at all. I have a blank from an even larger pump, designed for 1-3KW. The body and its “native” impeller. I brought it once for the same purpose. But now I’m thinking, is it worth cutting it? Because I want to stop making welded structures.
And what we are doing now is smaller, at 200-500 watts. is done only to show that it is possible and it works. Because some people don’t really believe in that either. And then, if we repeat such a thing, then in a tree. Entirely made of wood.
The main trick is this. To show that this is being done, well, practically for free. We calculated that it would be possible to even install permanent magnets from household equipment by removing transformer hardware from meters or electromagnetic relays (starters), winding wires from anywhere, selecting them according to the cross-section and number of turns, winding them, and filling them with bitumen. And it will work. There will be no magnets - we will make excitation windings. If necessary, we can even make a turbine out of a log. Let's choose something even, drill it with drills or feather drills, drive the blades into wedges (at the desired angle) and get a mechanical drive.
There are plenty of ideas and ready-made developments. We can even build a swinging blade and transfer energy by reciprocating motion to the shore with a simple galvanized (or even aluminum) wire from an overhead wire from high-voltage poles. And then use it for the movement of the sawmill frame or convert it into rotation of the machine parts. This was successfully used in past centuries and in Holland, for example, it has survived to this day, after 350-400 years.
Photo 4. 
A separate topic is the use of winds. For all their inconstancy, they have great strength and using their great energy in mechanical form You can accomplish a huge amount of work in just an hour or two.
Everything is based on the idea of “how to do it without money or purchases.” In the most critical case. And not because it is impossible now, but because one day it may become impossible. Turn off the switch - extreme weather ensues. And the switch is dying. Look, our “Shusha” has already given a sign. They fussed, ran around, and then calmed down. Almost all. But there was a sign!
The word “wood” was heard here, but everyone will say “how will wood work in water? Will it still get wet?”
Great question! And quite natural given our upbringing in the society in which we were born and raised. But imagine that we were born in the 17th century. Would we have such a question? It would never have occurred to me! Everything on the tree worked there. And in water and in fire and in foundries and forges...
Photo 5. 
Ships were tossed and chattered in the seas for 30 years. The Japanese (and Chinese) still have water in the provinces for washing in wooden barrel heated over an open fire, similar to the school experiments of our childhood (when water was boiled in a paper cup). The water wheels themselves, which powered almost all the machines and equipment, were made of wood and worked in water. Barrels without water dry out and begin to leak. There are laws of physics and “secrets” of carpentry that not only deal with wetting and swelling, but even use this to increase the strength of the entire structure. Many rocks do not rot in water and whirlwinds and can even survive metal.
Rice. 6. 
In addition, if we mention vortices, it is useful to know that they work well in devices made of diamagnetic materials. That is, made of non-magnetic material. What exactly does the tree have to do with it? best option. Burnt clay and stone are also good. They are the ones who can catalyze processes in water. Look at the rivers. It is these materials that water comes into contact with. And if you are careful and observant, you can see the seemingly supernatural behavior of water in Nature.
But that's not the point. This is all interesting, but not the main thing yet. We are considering the topic from the point of view of so-called extreme conditions, this is the notorious word for emergency situations. The upcoming circumstances will not ask us whether we want to construct in wood or consider it junk. They will simply leave us with one tree and several iron stashes around the yards. That's all. The enema will wash away all our dreams and delusions. But we really need to understand what we will be left with.
We must boldly admit that we are sick with technocracy. And it will be our destruction. Especially in these times. Well, for example, our mega-toys were washed away or blown away, something collapsed there. Well, this is actually happening these days. Here and there. Collapses, sinks, burns...
The earth is alive. She wants Harmony. She breaks our toys. They interfere with her life and threaten to destroy her, while we, with serious faces, run across its surface with all sorts of shooters, and do big things, either under water or under her skin. Yes, we tormented Mother Earth with our stupid games! Especially with your own negative emotions, aggression.
And now its Harmony is approaching. Wow! And she feels good... Silence. Space sounds. And for us there is an emergency. Extreme conditions in the middle of Great Harmony. Absurd and that's all.
But I understand perfectly well that it is simply impossible to convey these things to most people. The psychology of perception has changed too much. I was treated for habitual thinking for about 10 years.
Photo 7. 
After watching Akira Kurosawa's short film "Watermill Village" (from the "Dreams" series), I was very inspired. I felt to the depths of my soul HOW HARMONIOUS IT IS! And only 10 years later I began to understand simple words, said by the elder. And then I still had to “cure” from the desire to make everything from purchased welded pipes.
Photo 8. 
I've been very lucky in life. Reality taught me difficult lessons. It took me eight years to create this micro-hydroelectric power plant of ours. He collected the iron (while the collective farms collapsed, and their remains had not yet been consumed). And for a long time I could not begin to do anything. There were no opportunities. But none. Such languor of the idea forced us to hone everything down to the smallest detail. Learn not to demand from Reality and from people. Don't get attached to the result.
Later, he started, sacrificing a lot in his life. Few people know anything about this. I advanced by 70%. And again there was a break of one and a half to two years. And all this led to a simple thought: if I had immediately made a turbine in a tree, I would have done it long ago. On your own home workbench. This all helped me understand that this is the only way it should be. Due to upcoming conditions. For a year I toiled with the thought “how should this be arranged?” It took me a long time to find a solution.
One day I lay down on my bed and began to meditate on a completely different topic. How, I wonder, did these ancient Greeks soften basalt and cast statues from it? I remember a friend told me.
“Took off” something. Then, since things were going crazy, I started thinking about a turbine made of wood. Twisted, spit... And Ooooh! Oh! Here I “saw” her in all her glory. And I was so inspired that I really saw her beautiful. It is beautiful!
The electronic drawing shows the assembly diagram. This is, of course, a pitiful semblance of the imaginary, but I still think it will be understandable.
Rice. 9. 
Absolutely in the likeness of a snail pump. Two decks of shields connected in a tongue and groove are edged with a set of slats, like a cooper's stave. Brought together to two main load-bearing beams with two wire hoops - sixes or belts made of the same wood, pulled in with wedges or wire ties. In both decks there are holes for the impeller, similar to the same water wheels. This same rotor is inserted into them onto two beams with bearings. All wood. Only the rotor shafts are made of hex head bolts and threads similar to wood screws. This (without details) is a turbine made of carpentry-assembled wood with elements of cooper's assembly, just one of several mental developments. Some things are already designed and in the model. The nodes and connections have been worked out.
Photo 10. 
I already mentioned in the last conversation about the period of conditional poverty. Useful thing poverty. She makes you THINK. During my next move, I brought with me an impeller from an even larger air pump (scroll) 250-300 kg. And I began to wonder how I could deal with him now. Shaft 1m. length and 100 mm. in diameter, with 90 kg. the weight had to be pulled out with a huge puller, which is not there, turned on a lathe, and inserted on the other side, welding more parts.
I again ran into money and orders (because I sharpen myself, but I don’t have my own machine and there’s no access nearby either), I ran into turning work, transportation, etc. And then I finally realized that I was doing nonsense and now I don’t need it. I spent so much time and money transporting this rotor so many times, just for the sake of my own epiphany. I’ve been hanging around with it for so many years, trying to turn it into a water wheel or turbine, and only now “it’s come to the giraffe.” And I began to understand more deeply the technologies of the 17th and 18th centuries from the perspective of technologies from the times of the Earth’s transition. I realized that all this hardware of ours is, by and large, unnecessary. It entails welding, with all the connection problems, lack of power in towns and villages, consumable electrodes, disks, turning work, fussing, and essentially MONEY.
If I had money then, the necessary conclusions and insights would not have been made. If I were now offered to live that poverty-stricken period again, but with money, I would refuse. Otherwise I would have sold my insights. Then they could buy them from me. But they are expensive. You can't measure them with money. I simply lived the lessons that still lie ahead for everyone who believes that there will always be money.
And even since we have created some workshops, we can do this in hardware together, on our equipment, chipping in with our pensions and earnings. But this is still a certain complexity. It does not show how to LIVE WITHOUT MONEY and live without technocracy. But I set a goal for myself (I deliberately turned myself in this direction) - to collect possible information, adapt and distribute it widely, to show how it is possible to do something without technocracy. Literally from what WILL REMAIN WITH US AT OUR DISPOSAL and there will be no other. When the hour "H" comes.
And later, having explored the topic of upcoming events on the planet even more deeply, he formed a system or concept of technology and technology of the transition period called “Stalker 2012-17-30”. With a bit of a joke, the decoding of the abbreviation is as follows:
Armageddon Technology System of the Human Concept of Unified Development.
And Stalker is a guide to the unknown, the transcendental, the anomalous, which awaits us all. And if Stalker is a guide, then Stalker technologies will help us “go through” the period of Earth’s transition.
We certainly hope to complete it. There is no miracle. Everything is very simple.
When will this happen?
Now we will wait for spring. Maybe we'll make it earlier. We’ll cut out half a meter of ice with a chainsaw and “fish” for it. But I wouldn’t make any deadlines and I wouldn’t promise anything, especially so. Few of our deadlines come true. Let's live by the process and not the result.
And I can also add: We work with it only because we started it once. In fact, our interest has long been directed to other areas.
Let's touch on this area just. That's what I wanted to talk about.
Yes. These are gravity wheels or the so-called unbalanced wheel principle, which is the simplest and most affordable alternative for any yard or household. The question is controversial, of course, for people who are not initiated, and especially for adherents of the orthodox scientific approach. But those who search in this area have long understood that gravity can do useful work. And we were convinced in practice.
Returning to the topic of the previous conversation, the dogma ABOUT the IMPOSSIBILITY of creating a device with an efficiency higher than 100%, or an engine that turns itself, seemingly without consuming anything, and even produces work, is a false dogma. And those who do not know about it or do not believe in it often do everything successfully and everything works for them.
At the end of the second millennium, a lot of contact (channeling) information began to appear, all kinds of references and warnings (in books and other literature) that flows of information about “new” sources of free energy would soon simply pour over the edge into thousands and millions of minds, and suppress they will become simply impossible. Millions of people will receive information on a conscious level and make “their” inventions in real life. Disinformation will also not be able to stop this truly gigantic wave. This is exactly what is happening these days.
Quite legally, there are many sites where, along with misinformation, there are a lot of gravitational wheels exactly similar to those that were presented as not working in books like entertaining physics by Jan Perelman (or other authors). But they work. And there are hundreds of types and principles. Enough video. Turning a blind eye to this, proving to yourself that it is impossible, this is deception, editing, computer graphics, is hiding your head in the sand.
Gravity wheels are the smallest “pawn” that can be sacrificed by giving it to us in order to save the remaining “pieces”. There are more serious developments. And here we can recall the phrase from the New Testament: “But even dogs eat crumbs from their masters’ table” (in another place children). A hungry person will really go through grub. If you are truly hungry, then where does all your pride go? They gave me a piece and thank you. Why should we be picky?
Here's JUST one example: (YouTube - Chas Campbell - Gravity Wheel)
Photo 11. 
One good American guy made a gravity wheel about 3 - 3.5 m in diameter. Below are gearboxes - chain, belt, pulleys and flywheels. The electric generator rotates from them. The roller is very “pinched”, but despite the low quality, we were able to understand that this is a type of unbalanced wheel with a controlled shift of the center of gravity. And naturally, the white disk covers the mechanism that controls the loads. But it’s clear that it’s pale burgundy color the weights, probably interconnected with a slight play, are closer to the center on the left, and further on the right, almost on the periphery. At the top, as they rotate, they rise, and at the stage of movement at the bottom, they also rise. That is, at the top they move away from the center, and at the bottom they are pulled towards it. There is no need to pay attention to the white lines between the outer rim and the inner disk. These are reinforcement elements for rigidity.
Roughly speaking, the loads describe a circle eccentric to the center of rotation of the wheel itself. The rotation goes clockwise. Uncle includes a load of 2.5 - 3.5 kW on the power tool. This is between 3 and 4 kW of mechanical power. It is not so important on which rods (swinging or not) the loads are suspended. The mechanism for managing them is important.
At first, the control mechanism seemed somewhat complex, but workable. And later we came to the conclusion that everything is much simpler.
Rice. 12. 
Here is a drawing from the Do-It-Yourself magazine 15-20 years ago, in an article about water wheels for your own household. Such good old water wheels with rotating plates (blades) began to be used after simple, steam-powered water wheels with static unregulated blades, so that the blades would enter at a more favorable angle, slap the water less in vain, and in general their efficiency is higher than simple ones. They are already a hundred years old or more.
Rice. 13 
And if we slightly rotate the drawing, remove the details we don’t need and add our own, then this is what happens. A direct hint from the past. You can imagine two hubs with spokes, spaced a short distance apart, having a common rim. And a crankshaft passes through both hubs, the middle journal of which is spaced from the main axis (main journals) at a distance of 0.5 from the difference in the position of the loads on the radius. The third, control, hub is attached to this middle neck. From it there are rods (pushers, rods) to the load coupling units (movable coupling, with play, since points A converge and diverge. One of the rods must be rigidly connected to the hub, the rest must swing.
That's actually the whole mechanism. It is very simple, which many people fail to understand. This raises a lot of controversy. The mind cannot accept the idea that this is simply how it works. "A! Just? - Can't be!" They say it must be difficult. And it is rejected. In fact, “everything ingenious is simple” comes from things like these. Not primitive, but simple.
It is noteworthy that by “random” coincidence(and as the wise say, there are no accidents) the drawing of the Gravitational Wheel was number 13. What does this mean? Mysticism, Rock, Devilishness?
This is Mysticism, but far from rock.
"13"- It has nothing to do with devils and other things, where this is attributed to people who have had this attitude towards the number “13” drummed into them since childhood.
"13" doesn't resonate and is not proportional to any numbers, dimensions and vibration frequencies of this dimension.
IT'S BETWEEN. That is, it symbolizes a transition, a transitional state. It's like "Tone - Semitone" on the keyboard, in music, in color, in sound. So “13″ is the number of TRANSITION. Everything is as it should be.
It's a sign! (Laughing) It's time to GO to Wheels. (Laughter again...)
How else can we move into the future? With a DE-energized socket in your teeth or what?..
Let's return to the turbine. So you can do something like this? Without attracting any large funds. It's still a tree, as far as I understand.
Yes, the fact of the matter is that we want to take the path of not attracting any funds. All we can attract is what we don’t need to attract. It just might speed things up. No more. Maybe we won’t attract anything at all. But will we do it? - Let's see. Maybe we'll find something better.
Because while we were “making” the turbine in a rush, we had outgrown it. It’s no joke, a year and a half breaks. Time passes, the turbine stops. We involuntarily communicate, consult, learn new things. As long as we live to see the bright moment to take on this, maybe we will outgrow it.
It seems to me that something needs to be brought to the end.
So we are finishing the turbine. It’s not easy, but we jokingly agreed - we work in “retro style.” We joke with each other - imagine, we fly around on saucers, and then we wanted, “let’s build a sailboat or a yacht, a real piece of wood. Let's take a walk, breathe in the fresh wind, the scrapes, the bumpiness. Like once upon a time. IN past life" And we work with the turbine, thinking about something else. Otherwise, those who are expecting a turbine from us and have invested may not understand us if we give up. Here we are trying for the sake of relationships, and not for the sake of a better result.
After all, the main point is that we will be saved, first of all, by trusting, good relationships, selfless help as in our own family, no matter how much we try to implement this. Otherwise, if everyone is for himself, no pieces of iron or wood will save us, no matter how many we make and stockpile. Behind these just a few words lies the main thing. Just one mention, and life depends on it.
Well, you'll make a turbine. Of course, she will give you an idea again, but I think you will follow through with it. What a fundamentally new stage can we reach with such gravitational things?
Well, what is 3.5 kilowatts? own farm? In fact, there is no need for more. This is more than excessive habits. Any carpentry machine consumes about 3 kW. This electrical power. And if we cut out the “generator - wires - engine” link, just like that, the “clack” is cut out. And they did a direct mechanical transmission. Maybe even our own variators. And there are even fewer losses. The yield is greater. Our carpentry machine, made in any way, especially if made using 17th century technologies, will work from this power. This is enough to provide for the entire economy. Turn on one or the other alternately and that’s enough. Of course, we are not talking about the mandatory presence of only electric stoves and kettles with irons. Natural fire gives much more health to food than all this rubbish. Perhaps as an exception or a spare addition. And light generally requires little things of energy.
Let's draw conclusions: In principle, by combining these things into a certain system, a separate farm can be energy-closed, self-service, say, along a river of some kind...
Or without a river.
Yes, without a river. And these huge substations are not needed, there is no need to disperse it all. As I understand from what has been said, this can be done by almost any person who is more or less intelligent. For some wheel that was invented a long time ago, there is an engineer, there are people who are ready to do it. All this is quickly done and replenished independently, from materials from Nature. That is, we do not lose anything in any cataclysm, since the electrical mechanisms will not fail.
Yes. Yes. We are considering precisely the moment of life in extreme conditions. We are not currently setting the task of creating an alternative to centralized power supply. We just need to survive. The management circles have done a great job of making their future for themselves. Right? They did everything that was considered necessary for their own salvation. We also have the right to do something for our own salvation. You need communications, lighting, minimal video, audio equipment (if it still continues to work) and mechanics, machines. We need to build, make materials, alternative equipment. We want to live. We are given such a right, right?
A question of quality of life. How exactly to live?
Regardless of system shocks. After all, everyone (if not the blind) sees these shocks.
That is, you are optimistic about the number 111, which is developing rapidly in 2011, a new date has been set for the quantum evolutionary leap. Either 11. 11. 11. Or 05. 11. 11. And that the symbol of salvation 111 is a bus that runs along the route Tayaty - Karatuz, number 111 :-)
The combination of circumstances suggests a lot. But I don’t really stick to it... It may be that we have come to new information and have new experience, this is the manifestation of all these signs.
(An example of the implementation of birch bearings on a pottery machine in 2006.
Photo 14. 
If there is a pond with a dam or stream near your home, you can make an excellent source of free additional energy. The article will look at an example of how you can make a hydroelectric power station using a water wheel with your own hands. A power station made in this way is capable of delivering a current of up to 6 A; when installed on a small stream, the installation showed a result of 2 A. This is enough to turn on the receiver and a couple of light bulbs. The power depends on the force with which the water flows.
Materials and tools:
- corners and scraps of sheet metal;
- disks to create a wheel (used from the housing of the Onan generator, which failed);
- generator (made from two 28 cm Dodge brake discs);
- the shaft and bearings were also taken from Dodge;
- copper wire with a cross section of about 15 mm;
- Neodymium magnets;
- plywood;
- polystyrene resin (needed for filling the stator and rotor).
Manufacturing process:
Step one. Creating a wheel
To create a wheel you will need two steel disks. In this case, their diameter is 28cm (11 inches). The disk needs to be marked so that it is clear where to install the blades. To make the blades, take a pipe with a diameter of 4 inches and cut it lengthwise into 4 parts. In total, the wheel has 16 blades. To secure the discs, they are tightened with four bolts. Next, you can install the blades at the desired positions. They are welded together. The gap between the discs is 10 inches, that is, the length of the wheel is 10 inches.
At this stage, the assembly of the hydroelectric power station is completed, the wheel is ready, now you need to make a nozzle and a generator. On one side of the disk there is a hole for convenient fastening of the wheel to the generator.
Step two. Making a nozzle
The nozzle is needed to direct water to the wheel. It is 10 inches wide, the same as the wheel width. The nozzle is made from a single piece of metal by bending. Next, the structure is welded together using welding.
Now you can install the wheel on the axle and mechanical part The hydroelectric power station is almost ready. All that remains is to assemble and install the generator.
The nozzle is made adjustable in height, this allows you to control the flow of water depending on the situation.
Step three. Assembling the generator
The process of creating a generator consists of several steps. First you need to make a winding, it consists of 9 coils. Each coil has 125 turns. The diameter of the copper wire is 1.5 mm. Each phase is formed by three coils, which are connected in series. There are 6 ends in total, this will allow you to make both a star and a triangle connection.
Finally, the coils are filled with polyethylene resin and the finished stator emerges. It is 14 inches in diameter and 0.5 inches thick.
To assemble the generator you need plywood, a template is made from it. Next, 12 magnets measuring 2.5 x 5 cm and a thickness of 1.3 cm are installed using this template. Finally, the rotor is also filled with polyethylene resin. That's all, after drying the generator is ready.
Under the aluminum cover there are rectifiers that convert three-phase alternating current into direct current. The ammeter scale has a range of up to 6 A. With the minimum gap between the magnets, the device produces 12 Volts at 38 rpm.
There are two offset screws at the back of the generator that allow you to adjust the air gap. Thus, it is possible to select the most appropriate operating parameters of the generator.
Step four. The final stage generator assembly and installation
All fasteners, as well as the water wheel, need to be painted. Firstly, this will make the device look more beautiful. And secondly, the paint will protect the metal from rust, which will quickly appear near a water source. It would be nice to equip the generator with a protective wing that removes splashes, but the author did not find a suitable material.
In the photo you can see the place where the generator will be installed. This is a pipe from which water flows from a dam. The difference is about 3 feet. The wheel will only take a certain part of the total water flow. In practice, the best results were shown by the position when the water enters at an angle of 10 o'clock and exits at an angle of 5 o'clock. Then the greatest power is achieved.
