Home > Finishing > Dimensions of a USSR officer's suicide medallion after the war. Start in science. The main goal of the search party in the expedition

Dimensions of a USSR officer's suicide medallion after the war. Start in science. The main goal of the search party in the expedition

Every day more and more South Urals residents learn about their grandfathers and great-grandfathers who died and disappeared during the Great Patriotic War.

The chairman of the regional branch of the OOD "Search Movement of Russia" in Chelyabinsk region Anton Sharpilov.

30 years of searching

Daria Dubrovskikh, AiF-Chelyabinsk: Anton, how old is your movement in the Chelyabinsk region and who are its participants?

Anton Sharpilov: At first, in the eighties, initiative groups were created that, at their own peril and risk, went to battle sites and buried Red Army soldiers. These groups were created by people who were not indifferent to the fate of those who gave their lives for our Motherland. Among them are Alexandra Popova, Valentina Pogodina, Galina Neretina, Ivan Abrakhin.

And only in 1989 the official expedition of the military-historical society “Bulat” appeared. In 1999, with the support of Governor Pyotr Sumin, the Bulat state military center was created, which was engaged in search work until 2012 and was the first in Russian Federation carried out search work in the Chechen Republic. Now the regional branch of the all-Russian search movement includes 30 teams, 460 participants from all over the region.

- How is the location for the expedition determined?

Each detachment conducts work on military formations that were formed on Southern Urals and went to the front. For example, the Trinity search detachment "Strela" works for the 80th Cavalry Division. She was recruited from the Cossacks who lived in Troitsk. Search engines are studying the combat path of this brigade: where they started fighting, where the main battles took place, where they suffered heavy losses. This is mainly the Leningrad region. Magnitogorsk search team “Phoenix” is looking for dead South Urals residents in the Rzhevsky district.

Search engines should not be confused with trophy hunters. Photo:

- The main goal of the search party on the expedition?

Find and rebury missing soldiers. Try to establish their identity.

- Is this even possible?

Possible, but extremely difficult. With careful searching and luck. It is ideal when there is a death medallion or a book of a Red Army soldier or some personal items with initials on them. Or some kind of award with a number.

We need any clue that can lead to the fighter’s personal information. Medallions are very rare, because there was a superstition among soldiers that wearing a mortal medallion was not good.

- What unusual finds do you come across?

For example, members of the Svarog search party found swiss watches, on which the initials were stamped. But, unfortunately, it was not possible to identify them. This year, searchers from the Rusichi detachment found a sniper sign. But, mostly, you come across mugs, bottles, pots, shell casings, fragments of mines and sapper blades. Some people think that we are looking for some trophies, rare things. This is wrong.

- This is what the so-called “black diggers” do. Are you confused with them?

Yes, black diggers are just looking for trophies or looking for weapons and ammunition in order to put what they find into combat condition and sell it at a profit. We have nothing to do with this. And then this contradicts the moral code of the search engine adopted in the movement. We are not black diggers.

The main thing is to find at least some clue that will help establish the soldier’s identity. Photo: Regional branch of OOD "Search Movement of Russia" in the Chelyabinsk region

Perpetuate the feat

- Since what year have you been in the search movement? Tell us about your most memorable expedition.

I have been working in this direction since 2011. And the most memorable expedition for me was a year later at the Sinyavin Heights. There, during the Patriotic War, fierce battles for Leningrad were fought. We followed in the footsteps of the 63rd Separate Naval Brigade. They found the remains of a soldier and a medallion (a screw-on ebonite pencil case into which a piece of paper with the soldier’s data was inserted. - Author) in good condition and surprisingly with all the data filled in. It turned out to be a native Kursk region.

They found relatives and took the remains to them for burial in the city of Sudzha, Kursk region. At the ceremony, the 75-year-old son of a fallen soldier came up to us and said that we had fulfilled his dream. Throughout his life he dreamed of finding his father and at the end of his life life path wanted to be buried next to him. And literally two months after that, grandfather’s grandchildren called us and said that he had died.

It is for the sake of such moments that such a difficult task is done. How do you feel when you are there, in a place where a lot of blood was shed?

Words cannot express this feeling. When you come to the sites of battles, when you find these things, when you understand that seventy years ago there were fierce battles here, as a result of which we now have a quiet life, you feel, to put it mildly, uneasy.

There comes complete understanding and awareness of the depth of the feat that was accomplished. Understanding how hard the victory was achieved. Search engines see with their own eyes that environment, feel the natural and climatic conditions in which our grandfathers and great-grandfathers fought.

Often we start digging trenches, and there is water up to our knees. We understand that we are just digging, and every day they ran through the damp trenches with a rifle and shot. We overcame these conditions every day. We have to go on the offensive, but there is mud and slush everywhere. This puts a lot of psychological pressure on a person...

Over the course of two or three weeks on an expedition, it becomes clear how understanding and worldview changes, especially among young people. And this once again demonstrates the importance search work for the younger generation.

- How can you leave a request to search for loved ones, and how many soldiers are found?

You can leave your application in the “Search for relatives” section information portal www.chel-poisk.ru.

This year, the Orientir search team managed to restore the fate of those they considered missing from 86 families.

Thus, the youngest son Vyacheslav Sapegin, for his father, a deceased officer, senior lieutenant of the 23rd separate mortar brigade, chief of communications of the division of the 529th mortar regiment Pavel Sapegin, born in 1908, was awarded the Order of the Red Star for his courage and good organization of communications in battles in March -April 1945. Relatives donated the second order of the Red Army soldier Nikolai Sinelnikov to the foundation of the Chelyabinsk Museum of Local Lore.

Now representatives of search associations and teams of the Chelyabinsk region are actively participating in spring expeditions. Currently in the Kirovsky district Leningrad region They raised the remains of thirty Red Army soldiers and three medallions. One of the medallions turned out to be unreadable, one was read. It belonged to senior sergeant Ilya Ivanovich Dudin, born in 1916, a native of the village of Dudnevo, Malinsky district, Moscow region.

The Rostok search team from the Chelyabinsk region discovered during an expedition in the Krasnoperekopsk region of the Republic of Crimea an unregistered burial that was not marked on the ground.

It was also possible to establish the identity of the warrior based on the insert in the soldier’s medallion. It turned out that the remains belonged to the Red Army soldier of the 387th Infantry Division, a native of the Kunashak region, Siraev Khusnutdin Mingazovich, born in 1924, who died on 04/09/1944. The remains of the warrior were delivered to Chelyabinsk and will soon be reburied with all due honors.

I would like to note that in June of this year, on the pedestrian part of Kirovka near the monument to volunteer tank crews, there will be a traveling exhibition “Search, You Can’t Forget,” where Chelyabinsk residents will be able to apply to search for their loved ones. It is carried out by the Chelyabinsk detachment.

MEDALLION OF A SOLDIER OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

Valueva Nadezhda

Morgun Maria

6th grade 2nd platoon, MBOU Lyceum named after Major General Khismatulin V.I.,Surgut

Starkova-Ashurilaeva Nadezhda Arkadyevna

scientific supervisor,teacher of the first qualification category, head of the Center additional education children,MBOU Lyceum named after Major General V.I. Khismatulin,Surgut

Relevance: After the end of the Great Patriotic War, many unnamed remained: mass military graves, remains of the dead, the missing. It is necessary to find all the remains of Soviet military personnel without exception, identify those who are possible and rebury them with honors, paying their civic duty to those nameless heroes who gave their lives for their country during the Great Patriotic War.

The time comes when search engines go into the fields where they passed fighting, in order to find soldiers, bury the remains when underwater search expeditions begin in order to find and identify ships lying at the bottom, mass graves of soldiers from the Great Patriotic War. The search movement has been operating practically since the 1950-1960s, every year hundreds, or even thousands, of missing soldiers rise from the ground, from craters, from rifle cells and simply from the fields where they fell in the last attack. By some estimates, hundreds of thousands of people are still missing.

There are many different exhibits in the “Loyal Sons of Russia” museum of the municipal budgetary educational institution of the Lyceum named after Major General Vasily Ivanovich Khismatulin, but special are the exhibits that were brought by the cadets of our Lyceum as part of the “Nord” search team: these are EXHIBITS found at excavations in the Pskov region .

We present one of the exhibits of the “Loyal Sons of Russia” museum: a medallion of a Great Patriotic War soldier of the 1941 model, which was found in 2008 and transferred to our museum (Figure 1).

Drawing1 . Medallion of a soldier of the Great Patriotic War - an exhibit of the Museum "Russia's Faithful Sons"

Target our work: to analyze the meaning of the medallion of a soldier of the Great Patriotic War.

To achieve this goal, the following were determined tasks:

1. Collect information about the soldier’s personal identification sign - a medallion.

2. Study materials about the soldier’s medallion.

3. Determine the reasons for the lack of medallions among soldiers of the Great Patriotic War.

Methods: studying theoretical material using Internet resources, literary sources, and museum exhibits.

1. Introduction of soldiers' medallions.

By order of the NKO (People's Commissar of Defense) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics No. 138 of March 15, 1941, new medallions were introduced in the form of a plastic pencil case with a parchment paper liner. Also soldier medallions model 1941 were made in metal and wooden versions. In the cavity of the medallion there was a paper insert of the established type in two copies. The size of the paper insert is 40x180 mm.

Drawing 2 . Capsule

The capsule was made of black or brown plastic and consisted of a body and a lid, interconnected threaded connection(Figure 2). Capsule length 50 mm. It should be noted that the paper insert intended for military personnel of the border units of the NKVD troops (People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs) had several larger size: 53x280 mm and vertical green stripe 5 mm wide along the entire length. The contents of both paper inserts were almost identical.

On the insert form (Figure 3), in the appropriate columns, the soldier entered:

last name, first name, patronymic;

· year of birth;

· military rank;

· native - republic, region, region, city, district, village council, village;

· family information: address, surname, first name, patronymic of wife, closest relative;

· how the RVK is called (district military registration and enlistment office);

· blood group according to Jansky (from I to IV).

Drawing3 . Insert form

It was prohibited to indicate the name of the military unit.

There are insert forms on various papers, where the clerk entered the necessary columns by hand, or filled out the entire medallion from the words of the soldier (among the soldiers there were many illiterate).

2. Reasons for the lack of medallions among soldiers of the Great Patriotic War.

Since the dawn of the search movement, searchers have asked the question: Why do so few murdered people carry death medallions? Not everyone knows this even now.

1. Due to the inaccessibility of information about the events of those years, a version was born that still lives today. There was a total superstition among the soldiers: if you carry a death medallion with you, it means you will be killed. The medallion is only needed in one case - if you are killed. To a certain extent, this sign came from this. The medallions were called “suicide bombers”. Many soldiers went into battle without a “suicide bomb”; they simply threw it away or did not fill out the insert forms. The Poles, for example, before World War II also had such medallions, but in Polish they were called “immortals.” This is a fundamentally different attitude.

In fact, in difficult front-line conditions, practical soldiers found other uses for medallion capsules. For example, if you saw off the bottom of the capsule and cut an insert with a thin hole out of wood, you will get a mouthpiece, and you can smoke precious tobacco without any residue. And the insert itself, in extreme cases, could be useful for rolling a cigarette. The whole capsule is convenient for storing sewing and gramophone needles, threads and other small household items. Including, sometimes vital ones. There are known cases of fish hook medallions being found in capsules.

2. But these are not the main reasons for the lack of medallions among the dead. One of the main reasons is the imperfect and frequently changing system for recording the personnel of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. In search practice, it is very rare that the owners of found medallions are registered as dead or missing in 1941.

The main reason: the overwhelming number of military personnel have not yet been issued medallions. The situation improved only with the stabilization of the front and the restoration of plants and factories. As a result, identification medallions were issued more or less regularly throughout 1942. And the war, as you know, lasted four years. This is one of the main reasons for the lack of medallions among the dead.

Contrary to superstition, soldiers sought to ensure that they would not be unidentified in the event of death, and that relatives or friends were notified of their fate. Many facts convincingly support this. For example, in the absence of a capsule, soldiers used a cartridge case as one. In the absence standard form the soldiers wrote down their data on any piece of paper.

3. Medallion inserts were very often removed without tearing off the halves (empty capsules), and more often they were simply taken away along with the capsule. This is the third circumstance that explains the fact that most of the remains of the dead are found without medallions or with empty capsules. The latter circumstance suggests that the victims found without medallions are, for the most part, according to registration documents, not listed as missing, but as killed and even buried.

Modern spectral devices make it possible to read texts made in graphite, ink or printing ink without much difficulty, even if the text has faded significantly. It is more difficult to read texts made with plant-based ink, since they fade and are washed out almost completely as a result of prolonged exposure to unfavorable conditions.

In the event of the death of a serviceman, one copy of the insert was removed by the funeral team and handed over to the unit headquarters. The second one remained in the medallion with the deceased. But in reality, in conditions of hostilities, this requirement was practically not fulfilled; the medallion was confiscated entirely. Based on the inserts removed from the medallions, the names of the dead who remained on the battlefield were determined, and lists of irretrievable losses were compiled.

It should be noted that during the Great Patriotic War, medallions with wooden and metal cases were used in some units. As a rule, the inserts in them are poorly preserved.

In November 1942, by Order of the NKO (People's Commissar of Defense) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics No. 376, medallions were removed from supply (Table 1).

Table 1.

Orders of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR

Date	NPO order
	First World War. A neck sign was introduced to identify the dead and wounded.
	Medallion introduced. Issued upon arrival at the unit along with the service (Red Army) book.
	The medallion has been cancelled. The Red Army book remains.
	NPO Order No. 238. A medallion and instructions on the procedure for using medallions in wartime were introduced.
	The Red Army book and death medallion have been abolished.
	A medallion and a new provision on personal accounting of losses and burial of deceased spacecraft personnel in wartime were introduced. The document is based on the provisions of NPO Order No. 238 dated December 21, 1939.
	A Red Army book has been introduced in addition to the medallion.
	The medallion has been cancelled. Motivation - a Red Army book is enough. During 1943, some military personnel continued to keep medallions on their own initiative.

The medallion has been cancelled. The motivation is enough from the Red Army book, but some military personnel during 1943, on their own initiative, continued to keep medallions.

The cancellation of the medallion led to an increase in the number of missing military personnel due to the impossibility of identifying the deceased.

First: More than 70 years have passed since the start of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).

Second: for example, they found a medallion, a capsule - it was whole and unbroken. Inside there should be a standard piece of paper with text, which should be filled out in pencil (Figure 4).

Drawing 4 . Pencil

The pencil is better preserved. In one turn, pencil writing is much better. And if it is written ordinary fountain pen, then the ink may be blurred. There is a medallion, the ebonite capsule opens, and then it turns out that the capsule is either empty (supposedly it was possible to cheat death by throwing out a piece of paper from there), or paper dust spills out.

An exhibit of the museum “Loyal Sons of Russia” - a soldier’s medallion - is interesting and unique. Great Patriotic War It is unlikely to ever end, it will not end not only in the memory of the people and in the history of our country, but also from the point of view of those soldiers who still need to be found and buried. Museums store a lot of information about the past and present, and it is very important to introduce children and adults to the exhibits and their history in order to remember the history of our country, so that the irreparable does not repeat itself...

As the great Russian commander Alexander Suvorov said: “The war ends on the day when the last soldier who fought in it is buried”.

Soldier's medallion

Vitaly Ivanov

The soldier's medallion is raised.

And hope glimmers

Add names to the list

From that boundless war.

Find out who is in full growth

Left for the last battle

And who is now among the birches

Lying in the damp ground.

MORTAL MEDALLION

Vyacheslav Kondratyev

It was given to us - black, shiny,

Looks like a lipstick case...

Ahead, that means the battle is real

And you need to keep it tightly.

It contains the surname, blood according to Yansky,

Age - twenty short years...

Why in it is not clear to me,

There are no graphs for your beloved?

After all, when you get off the ground,

Overcoming fear and trembling,

Don't you remember her?

Aren't you calling her?

Wouldn't it be important?

People will then find out -

Who among the trenches will be

Did you go every day to defend?

And so, without fear of consequences -

I won't be alive then -

I write... And let it be known

The name of the one who did not become a wife...

References

1.Documents of the military archeology group “Seeker”.

2. “Antiquities and antiquity”, articles about Soldiers’ medallions.

3. “Names from soldiers’ medallions”/Compiled by: Konoplev A.Yu., Salahiev R.R. - Kazan: “Fatherland”, 2005.

4. Mortal medallions. Creator of the portal =SF=Veles // SPB.RU. [ Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://www.hranitels.ru (date accessed 02/15/2012).

In order to facilitate the identification of the killed and seriously wounded, the army commands of many countries introduced the obligation for soldiers to wear special metal tags. A product in the form of a plate with information about the owner and his place of service engraved on it is today known as an army badge. People call these identification plates “death medallions,” “dog tags,” or “suicide tags.”

The introduction of army medallions makes it possible to forget about such a concept as the “unknown soldier” only in the armies of those states that strictly monitor the wearing of these medallions.

Meet the "suicide bomber"

An army badge is a metal product on which the personal identification number, blood type of the owner, and the unit and unit in which the soldier served are indicated. Some “suicide bombers” also indicate the name and surname of the serviceman.

The army badge (photo of the identification medallion is presented in the article) is equipped with special hole, with which a metal plate can be attached to a chain. These tags are worn around the neck.

About the first identification products

According to some scientists, the birthplace of army dog tags is considered Ancient Greece. As “death medallions,” the Spartans used small tablets - wanderers, on which warriors wrote their names. Before the start of the battle, the hulks were tied to the hand.

About German “dog tags”

There is a legend that the army dog tag was invented by a Berlin shoemaker in the 60s of the 19th century. He gave his two sons, who went off to war with them, two homemade tags made of tin. The father indicated his children’s personal information on them. The shoemaker hoped that if his sons died, they would not remain unidentified. Pleased with his invention, he proposed to the Prussian War Ministry to introduce such tags for all military personnel. However, the shoemaker unsuccessfully argued his proposal, citing the example of the experience with dog tags. The Prussian king did not like this comparison. However, after some time they returned to this idea. As an experiment, they decided to use tin “dog tags” for certain units of the Prussian army.

After the Austro-Prussian War

In 1868, the Prussian physician general F. Loeffler wrote the book “The Prussian Military Medical Service and Its Reform.” In it, the author described in detail all the advantages of wearing individual identification medallions by soldiers and officers. As an argument, he cited the sad experience of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866: out of 8,893 human bodies, only 429 could be identified. After such argumentation, the Prussian military command approved the mandatory wearing of “death medallions” by all military personnel and officers.

These products were made from tin. It was typical for them rectangular shape And rounded corners. The upper edge was equipped with two holes through which the cord was threaded. Required information it was stuffed onto the medallion by the owner himself or by local craftsmen. Engraved personalized army dog tags were intended for officers. The surface of the officer's "suicide bomb" was subjected to chrome plating and silver plating. At the top of the tin plate the name and surname were indicated, below - military unit. The officers bought medallions, but for the soldiers the “suicide bombers” were free. The fighter's number and unit name were indicated on the token.

Identification badges during the First World War

In 1914, in Germany, the military command refused to include only the name of the unit and the personal number of the serviceman on medallions. Now the soldier had the right to indicate his first and last name. In addition, the “suicide bomb” indicated the date of birth and home address. The medallion also indicated the transfer to a new unit. The old part number was crossed out. Was approved standard size army badge: 7 x 5 cm. These dimensions remained until the end of the Great Patriotic War. The 1915 model tokens were made of zinc alloy. Later, duralumin began to be used in the production of identification medallions.

How were the tokens worn?

Medallions were worn on special laces 800 mm long. However, as practice has shown, the ideal places for tokens were the left inner pocket of the jacket and a special leather chest wallet. Checking whether military personnel had identification medallions was carried out by sergeant majors, and less often by officers. If a soldier did not have his personal badge, then after disciplinary action he was given a new one.

About German tokens during the Second World War

Wehrmacht soldiers used identification tags made of zinc or brass. Since 1935, tokens have been predominantly made from aluminum alloy. Since 1941, the production of “suicide bombs” from ordinary steel was established. The dimensions of the tokens varied between 5 x 3 cm and 5 x 7 cm. The thickness was 1 mm. The badges of the fascist Navy personnel indicated the name of the ship, the name, surname and number of the owner in the crew list. The parameters provided were: 5 x 3 cm. For ground forces, SS and Wehrmacht police were intended for zinc medallions of the 1915 model. The lower edge of the token was equipped with an additional hole, with which it was possible to connect broken identification badges into one bundle.

Wehrmacht military experts considered that it was undesirable to enter the owner’s first name, last name, date of birth and home address, since the enemy could use this information. In 1939, the standard German badge of 1915 underwent some changes: the badge now indicated only the military unit and serial number. Later, in order to classify information about military units, a corresponding 5- or 6-digit digital code was created for each of them. In 1940, the letters O, A, B or AB first appeared on fascist suicide bombers. They designated the soldier's blood type.

About American "dog tags"

The standard size of the token was 5 x 3 cm. The thickness of the American medallion was 0.5 mm. White metal was used in the manufacture of the identification item. The medallion had rounded edges and smooth edges. Only 18 letters were printed on it using machine embossing.

They were located on five lines. The first one indicated the soldier's name. On the second is the army serial number, availability of tetanus vaccination and blood type. On the third line is the name of the closest relative. On the fourth and fifth - home address. Since 1944, it was decided to remove the last two lines by decision of the US command. The American suicide bomb also indicated the religion of its owner.

About medallions in the Red Army

During the Great Patriotic War, Soviet soldiers did not use metal tokens, but special, twisting plastic pencil cases. The fighter wrote all his personal data on paper, after which he put it in his pencil case. For this purpose, a Red Army soldier could use either a special form or an ordinary piece of paper.

The fighter had to issue two copies. After his death, one remained in the death penalty, and relatives could receive it. The second was intended for the office. The Red Army soldiers also used ammunition casings as tokens. Having poured gunpowder from the cartridge, Soviet soldiers inserted notes with personal data inside the cartridge case, and plugged the hole with a bullet. However this method storage is considered not the best. Water often got into the sleeve, as well as into the pencil case, as a result of which the paper was destroyed and the text was impossible to read. Most Red Army soldiers believed that the “death medallion” was bad omen, and therefore they mostly wore it without a note.

Our days

Today, army medallions made of duralumin are intended for military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces, military formations and agencies. The plate bears the soldier's unique personal number. The place where the suicide bomber was handed over was the military commissariat. You can also get it at your place of service.

About medallions from the Proff Grever workshop

Manufacturing custom army dog tags is the main activity of this engraving workshop. Medallions here are made from brass, stainless steel and aluminum. Judging by consumer reviews, you can order a product of any complexity from Proff Grever. Craftsmen use diamond mechanical engraving in their work. To apply inscriptions, a specially approved font is used that meets all the requirements of the Military Charter of the Russian Federation. The workshop is located in Moscow.

Souvenirs that are very popular today are also stylized as army tags. A medallion in the style of an army tag will become a good gift by February 23.

Soldiers' medallions are a valuable find for search engines, historians and local historians. The difference is the purpose for which this “last greeting” from a Soviet soldier was found... There are those who just add medallions to their collection. And there are those who perform actions dictated by the heart: trying to find the relatives of a dead soldier - one whose name can be read on yellowed and half-decayed paper.

What is a soldier's "mortal" medallion? It's just a piece of black or brown plastic with a long piece of paper folded inside. Yes, it is true that it may mean nothing to some. However, it is important to remember that behind this small pencil case is a person’s life, its letters carved on the tablets of history. And we must understand that this medallion means much more than anything that has ever been in our Kopar hands.

If you want to know my opinion, then after such a discovery, restoring the memory of the deceased and conveying information to relatives should be the moral duty of every search engine.

This object does not belong to us, even if we put it in our pocket or cupboard. It has never been ours and never will be. After you have found the medallion, you must begin searching for the family of the soldier who fell on the battlefield. This is such a small, uncomplicated gesture, an act of gratitude. We are indebted to this hero, and this is the least we can do to honor his memory.

When I talk about heroes, I'm not exaggerating at all. I am firmly confident in my words. We are talking here about people who gave all their strength, their lives, to protect the values that are of absolute importance: their family, country and freedom. Ordinary people, like us, but, unlike us, she fought with all her might. People who truly gave everything for the good of the country. Who were truly starving. We experienced the cold that penetrates to the bones, and the same heat that torments us, but what brought us the most suffering was the fear of never returning home alive...

Everyone knew that he could die in the next battle. There, however, they found the strength to look forward to live and establish strong friendships and fraternal ties - true ones, those that have little in common with today's interpretation of these terms. We are citizens of one great country, but very different.

I just want to say that all people who have and show off soldiers' medallions in their collections should think about what this item can tell. What I could and should tell. Because everything that this medallion has experienced is not comparable to what we are experiencing. And looking at the medallion is like looking straight into the eyes of the soldier to whom it belonged.

MEDALLION OF A SOLDIER OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

Valueva Nadezhda

Morgun Maria

6th grade 2nd platoon, MBOU Lyceum named after Major General Khismatulin V.I.,Surgut

Starkova-Ashurilaeva Nadezhda Arkadyevna

scientific supervisor,teacher of the first qualification category, head of the Center for Additional Education of Children,MBOU Lyceum named after Major General V.I. Khismatulin,Surgut

The time comes when search engines go out into the fields where the fighting took place in order to find soldiers, bury the remains, when underwater search expeditions begin in order to find and identify ships lying at the bottom, mass graves of soldiers from the time of the Great Patriotic War war. The search movement has been operating practically since the 1950-1960s, every year hundreds, or even thousands, of missing soldiers rise from the ground, from craters, from rifle cells and simply from the fields where they fell in the last attack. By some estimates, hundreds of thousands of people are still missing.

Drawing1 . Medallion of a soldier of the Great Patriotic War - an exhibit of the Museum "Russia's Faithful Sons"

Target our work: to analyze the meaning of the medallion of a soldier of the Great Patriotic War.

To achieve this goal, the following were determined tasks:

1. Collect information about the soldier’s personal identification sign - a medallion.

2. Study materials about the soldier’s medallion.

3. Determine the reasons for the lack of medallions among soldiers of the Great Patriotic War.

Methods: studying theoretical material using Internet resources, literary sources, and museum exhibits.

1. Introduction of soldiers' medallions.

By order of the NKO (People's Commissar of Defense) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics No. 138 of March 15, 1941, new medallions were introduced in the form of a plastic pencil case with a parchment paper liner. Also, soldier medallions of the 1941 model were made in metal and wooden versions. In the cavity of the medallion there was a paper insert of the established type in two copies. The size of the paper insert is 40x180 mm.

Drawing 2 . Capsule

The capsule was made of black or brown plastic and consisted of a body and a lid with a threaded connection (Figure 2). Capsule length 50 mm. It should be noted that the paper insert intended for military personnel of the border units of the NKVD troops (People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs) had a slightly larger size: 53x280 mm and a vertical green stripe 5 mm wide along the entire length. The contents of both paper inserts were almost identical.

On the insert form (Figure 3), in the appropriate columns, the soldier entered:

last name, first name, patronymic;

· year of birth;

· military rank;

· native - republic, region, region, city, district, village council, village;

· family information: address, surname, first name, patronymic of wife, closest relative;

· how the RVK is called (district military registration and enlistment office);

· blood group according to Jansky (from I to IV).

Drawing3 . Insert form

It was prohibited to indicate the name of the military unit.

2. Reasons for the lack of medallions among soldiers of the Great Patriotic War.

Since the dawn of the search movement, searchers have asked the question: Why do so few murdered people carry death medallions? Not everyone knows this even now.

Contrary to superstition, soldiers sought to ensure that they would not be unidentified in the event of death, and that relatives or friends were notified of their fate. Many facts convincingly support this. For example, in the absence of a capsule, soldiers used a cartridge case as one. In the absence of a standard form, the soldiers wrote down their data on any piece of paper.

It should be noted that during the Great Patriotic War, medallions with wooden and metal cases were used in some units. As a rule, the inserts in them are poorly preserved.

In November 1942, by Order of the NKO (People's Commissar of Defense) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics No. 376, medallions were removed from supply (Table 1).

Table 1.

Orders of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR

Date	NPO order
	First World War. A neck sign was introduced to identify the dead and wounded.
	Medallion introduced. Issued upon arrival at the unit along with the service (Red Army) book.
	The medallion has been cancelled. The Red Army book remains.
	NPO Order No. 238. A medallion and instructions on the procedure for using medallions in wartime were introduced.
	The Red Army book and death medallion have been abolished.
	A medallion and a new provision on personal accounting of losses and burial of deceased spacecraft personnel in wartime were introduced. The document is based on the provisions of NPO Order No. 238 dated December 21, 1939.
	A Red Army book has been introduced in addition to the medallion.
	The medallion has been cancelled. Motivation - a Red Army book is enough. During 1943, some military personnel continued to keep medallions on their own initiative.

The medallion has been cancelled. The motivation is enough from the Red Army book, but some military personnel during 1943, on their own initiative, continued to keep medallions.

The cancellation of the medallion led to an increase in the number of missing military personnel due to the impossibility of identifying the deceased.

First: More than 70 years have passed since the start of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).

Second: for example, they found a medallion, a capsule - it was whole and unbroken. Inside there should be a standard piece of paper with text, which should be filled out in pencil (Figure 4).

Drawing 4 . Pencil

The pencil is better preserved. In one turn, pencil writing is much better. And if it is written with an ordinary fountain pen, then the ink may be blurred. There is a medallion, the ebonite capsule opens, and then it turns out that the capsule is either empty (supposedly it was possible to cheat death by throwing out a piece of paper from there), or paper dust spills out.

An exhibit of the museum “Loyal Sons of Russia” - a soldier’s medallion - is interesting and unique. The Great Patriotic War is unlikely to ever end, it will not end not only in the memory of the people and in the history of our country, but also from the point of view of those soldiers who still need to be found and buried. Museums store a lot of information about the past and present, and it is very important to introduce children and adults to the exhibits and their history in order to remember the history of our country, so that the irreparable does not repeat itself...

As the great Russian commander Alexander Suvorov said: “The war ends on the day when the last soldier who fought in it is buried”.

Soldier's medallion

Vitaly Ivanov

The soldier's medallion is raised.

And hope glimmers

Add names to the list

From that boundless war.

Find out who is in full growth

Left for the last battle

And who is now among the birches

Lying in the damp ground.

MORTAL MEDALLION

Vyacheslav Kondratyev

It was given to us - black, shiny,

Looks like a lipstick case...

Ahead, that means the battle is real

And you need to keep it tightly.

It contains the surname, blood according to Yansky,

Age - twenty short years...

Why in it is not clear to me,

There are no graphs for your beloved?

After all, when you get off the ground,

Overcoming fear and trembling,

Don't you remember her?

Aren't you calling her?

Wouldn't it be important?

People will then find out -

Who among the trenches will be

Did you go every day to defend?

And so, without fear of consequences -

I won't be alive then -

I write... And let it be known

The name of the one who did not become a wife...

References

1.Documents of the military archeology group “Seeker”.

2. “Antiquities and antiquity”, articles about Soldiers’ medallions.

3. “Names from soldiers’ medallions”/Compiled by: Konoplev A.Yu., Salahiev R.R. - Kazan: “Fatherland”, 2005.

4. Mortal medallions. Creator of the portal =SF=Veles // SPB.RU. [Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://www.hranitels.ru (date accessed 02/15/2012).

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