Technical characteristics and GOST for a snow shovel. DIY shovel handle. Dimensions of the planting part of the cuttings, mm
SHOVELS
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS
GOST 19596-87
USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS
Moscow
STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION
Validity period from 01.01.89
until 01/01/94
Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law
This standard applies to shovels intended for construction, gardening and loading and unloading work.
1. CLASSIFICATION, TYPES AND MAIN DIMENSIONS
1.1. Shovels are divided by type into:
construction;
gardening;
loading and unloading.
Designation of shovel elements
1 - with a fork handle;
2 - with T-shaped handle;
3 - with a ball head;
4 - with a hemispherical head;
5-with ball head with metal rod.
fabric and tulika - rolled thin sheet steel grades 30KhGS according to , 45, 50 according to GOST 1050-74, BSt5, BSt6 according to GOST 380-88 or other grades with physical and mechanical parameters not lower than those indicated;
fork and toe - rolled thin sheet steel grades 10, 15, 20 according to GOST 1050-174 or BSt2, BSt3 according to GOST 380-88;
rod - steel BSt0, BSt2, BSt3 according to GOST 380-88;
handle and handle - lumber hardwood 1st grade: birch, ash, maple.
Notes:
1. It is allowed to make handles and forks from plastic according to .
2. It is allowed to make cuttings, except for cuttings of type 5, from other materials in accordance with the requirements of paragraph.
3. Thin-sheet rolled steel grades BSt5, BSt6, 10, 15, 20, 45 and 50 must comply with the requirements of GOST 16523-70, 30KhGS according to TU 14-1-4118-86.
4. Permissible deviations in the thickness of rolled sheets must comply with the requirements of GOST 19904-74.
2.2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Note . Shovels with a blade width of 150 mm must withstand a bending moment force when testing a blade of 160 N× m. The belt at the point of transition into the blade of shovels with a handle diameter of 35 mm must withstand a bending moment force of 300 N× m.
Note. (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
2.9.
2.10. For shovel blades of the LKO and LKP types, heat-treated for 90% of the length of the blade before the attack, a stiffening rib with a height of at least 8 mm and a length of at least 100 mm must be made in the attack zone.
2.13. Lack of penetration and burn-through of the weld are not allowed.
2.14. By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to produce shovels without cuttings.
2.14. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
For construction and loading and unloading shovels, other anti-corrosion coatings are allowed upon agreement with the consumer.
2.19. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.20. On the surface wooden parts there should be no cracks, flakes, wormholes, chips or other defects.
It is allowed to have no more than three healthy blind knots or plugs with a diameter of up to 10 mm, located 1/3 of the length from the top of the handle, and no more than two with a diameter of 10 mm. 8 mm - on the rest of the cutting.
The plugs must be made from the same type of wood as the cuttings and installed using moisture-resistant glue. The diameter of the plugs should not exceed the diameter of the corresponding knots by more than 20%.
It is allowed to make cuttings glued lengthwise with moisture-resistant glue.
2.21. The tangential inclination of the wood fibers of the cuttings should not be more than 20 mm per 1 m of cutting length.
It is allowed to coat the wooden parts of shovels (with the exception of gardening ones) with drying oil according to.
4.3. Shovel blade hardness (p. ) should be determined according to GOST 9013-59 at 5 points, 15 - 50 mm away from the edge of the web and evenly spaced around the perimeter.
4.4. The strength of the shovel blade is checked in a device that clamps the blade at a distance of 115 mm from cutting edge.
The shovel blade is subjected to a preliminary load equal to 2\3 bending moment according to item. After removing the load, fix the position of the handle at a distance of 700 mm from the clamping point.
After loading the blade with a full bending moment and removing the load, fix the position of the handle at the same distance. The difference in measurements should not exceed 7 mm.
The transition zone of the tulleka into the fabric (from the line of the advance to the end of the tulleka or lining), as well as welded and riveted joints, are checked for strength in a device that ensures they are loaded with a bending moment set in point, while the lower support should be located on the line of the advance. The specified area and connections must withstand a bending moment for 1 minute.
4.4. (
4.5. The strength of the handle should be checked in a device that imitates a tulleka by applying a bending moment in accordance with paragraph. After testing, there should be no cracks or delaminations on the handle.
4.5. (Amended edition, Rev. No. 1).
4.6. Knots must not exceed the dimensions specified GOST 2695-83.
4.7. Checking the moisture content of wooden parts (item.) - according to GOST 16483.7-71 or according to GOST 16588-79.
4.8. The surface roughness of wooden parts should be determined by GOST 15612-85 before applying paintwork.
4.9. The tangential inclination of the fibers should be checked on lumber or workpieces according to GOST 2140-81.
5. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
5.1. Transportation of shovels is carried out using any type of transport in covered vehicles or universal containers in accordance with the transportation rules in force for a specific type of transport.
A shovel is an important household tool, which is difficult to do without in the garden, when planting trees, construction site, when carrying out loading and unloading operations or when developing territories. Shovels are different, they can be used for digging holes and beds or other digging work, for cleaning work - removing snow and debris, for loading work - loading and unloading bulk materials into a car, wheelbarrow or any other container, transferring bulk materials from place to place. The quality of a shovel is determined not only by the quality of the blade depending on the type of shovel, but also by the handle. The shovel handle should be comfortable, smooth and light.
All shovels are divided into types - gardening, construction and loading and unloading. For gardeners, there are three types of shovels: LOP - garden digging shovel, LOV - garden digging shovel, LOU - universal garden shovel. Construction shovels can be pointed, rectangular, collated, faceted and mortar. Loading and unloading shovels – sand, snow, grain and coal, metallurgical, rock and ore. For each type of shovel, there are certain cuttings, which a specialist can help you choose. Handles for shovels can differ in length and diameter, quality of material, pointed and non-pointed, and type of handles.
Wooden handles for shovels are considered preferable; they are made from hardwood, they should be smooth, without knots, chips or cracks. The production produces cuttings for shovels in accordance with established standards. The standard determines the diameter of the cutting, the length of the cutting, the shape of the cutting, the material from which the cutting is made, and the grade. The grade sets the limits for acceptable wood defects that do not affect the strength of the cutting. Wooden handles for shovels of the highest quality should not have any wood defects, knots, wormholes, rot, cracks or chips; most often, birch wood is used for their production. Standard diameter shovel handle 40 mm, length can vary from 900-1400 mm.
The grade of cuttings for shovels is determined by GOST 19596-87 “Shovels. Specifications" Cuttings for top grade shovels must be free of knots. Shovel cuttings of the first grade - the presence of knots and tobacco knots not exceeding the size of 3 mm is allowed. Cuttings for shovels of the second grade - the presence of knots not exceeding 7 mm in size and tobacco knots not exceeding 4 mm in size are allowed. The handle must be properly secured to the blade of the shovel, which ensures convenience and safety of working with such a tool. The handle can be attached to the blade of the shovel using rivets, tightening rings or screws. The quality of attachment of the handle to the blade of the shovel is determined by GOST 10299-80 and GOST 1144-80.
USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS
Moscow
STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION
Valid from 01/01/89
until 01/01/94
Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law
This standard applies to shovels intended for construction, gardening and loading and unloading work.
1. CLASSIFICATION, TYPES AND MAIN DIMENSIONS
1.1. Shovels are divided by type into:
construction;
gardening;
loading and unloading.
1.2. Shovels (Fig. 1) are made depending on their purpose following types, indicated in table. 1.
Designation of shovel elements
1 - canvas; 2 - tulleka; 3 - stalk
Table 1
|
Name |
Purpose |
Drawing number |
|
|
CONSTRUCTION SHOVELS |
|||
|
Pointed digging shovel |
For digging soil |
||
|
Rectangular digging shovel |
|||
|
Pick-up shovel |
For collecting and moving soil and bulk materials |
||
|
Faceted pick-up shovel |
|||
|
Mortar shovel |
For feeding and leveling the solution |
||
|
GARDEN SHOVELS |
|||
|
Garden and garden digging shovel |
For work on medium and soft soils |
||
|
Garden and garden digging shovel |
|||
|
Universal gardening shovel |
|||
|
LOADING AND UNLOADING SHOVELS |
|||
|
Sand shovel |
For picking, unloading, loading sand, crushed stone, asphalt and other bulk materials |
||
|
Grain shovel |
For picking and unloading grain and light bulk materials |
||
|
Coal shovel |
For heaping coal in the longwall and extracting a piece of coal from the notched crack |
||
|
Metallurgical shovel |
For loading and unloading operations in metallurgical production |
||
|
Pedigree shovel |
For loading rock, ore, crushed stone |
||
|
Mining shovel |
|||
|
Snow shovel |
For snow removal |
||
1.3. According to the design of the blade, shovels are made:
solidly stamped;
prefabricated (with an applied tulika).
1.4. The main dimensions of shovels (without handles) and their maximum deviations must correspond to those indicated in the drawing. 2 - 16.
Unspecified maximum deviations for shovel blades ± according to GOST 25346-82.
Pointed digging shovel, LKO
Weight - no more than 0.98 kg
Rectangular digging shovel, paintwork
Weight - no more than 1.05 kg
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Pick-up shovel, LP
Weight - no more than 1.2 kg
Faceted pick-up shovel, LPG
Weight - no more than 1.6 kg
Mortar shovel, LR
Weight - no more than 1.3 kg
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Garden and garden digging shovel, LOP
Weight - no more than 1.2 kg
Garden and garden digging shovel, LOV
Weight - no more than 1.5 kg
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Sand shovel, LSP
Weight - no more than 0.98 kg
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Grain shovel, LSZ
Weight - no more than 0.75 kg
Coal shovel, LU
Weight - no more than 1.64 kg
Metallurgical shovel, LM
Dimensions, mm
Weight - no more than 1.4 kg
Rock shovel, LPR
Weight - no more than 1.29 kg
Mining shovel, LGR
Weight - no more than 1.17 kg
Snow shovel, LSU
Weight - no more than 1.4 kg
1.5. Shovel cuttings are made of 5 types (Fig. 17):
1 - with a fork handle;
2 - with T-shaped handle;
3 - with a ball head;
4 - with a hemispherical head;
5 - with a ball head with a metal rod.
1.6. The main dimensions of the cuttings and their use by type of shovel must correspond to those indicated in the drawing. 17.
Unspecified maximum deviations for shovel handles ± IT17 according to GOST 6449.1-82.
Dimensions of the planting part of the cuttings, mm
|
Shovel type |
|
|
95 +10 , 140 +10 |
|
|
LKO, LKP, LP, LPG, LU-1, LU-2, LM-1, LM-2, LPR |
|
|
170 +10 , 160 +10 |
|
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Notes:
1. It is allowed to produce cuttings for gardening shovels with a diameter of 35 mm.
2. For shovels of the VOC and LOU types, it is allowed to make cuttings without a conical part.
3. It is allowed to produce conical seats for cuttings for gardening shovels with 2 angles of inclination.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Example symbol shovels type LKO, with handle type 4, length 1300 mm:
The same, type LOU, version 1, width 210 mm, with handle type 1:
2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Shovels should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to working drawings and standard samples approved in the prescribed manner.
2.2. Shovel parts must be made of the following materials:
cloth and tulika - rolled thin sheet steel grades 30KhGS according to GOST 4543-71, 45, 50 according to GOST 1050-74, BSt5, BSt6 according to GOST 380-88 or other grades with physical and mechanical parameters not lower than those indicated;
fork and tulleka - rolled thin sheet steel grades 10, 15, 20 according to GOST 1050-174 or BSt2, BSt3 according to GOST 380-88;
rod - steel BSt0, BSt2, BSt3 according to GOST 380-88;
handle and handle - 1st grade hardwood lumber: birch, ash, maple according to GOST 2695-83.
Notes:
1. It is allowed to make handles and forks from plastic in accordance with GOST 16338-85.
2. It is allowed to make cuttings, except for cuttings of type 5, from other materials in accordance with the requirement of clause 2.23.
3. Thin-sheet rolled steel grades BSt5, BSt6, 10, 15, 20, 45 and 50 must comply with the requirements of GOST 16523-70, 30KhGS according to TU 14-1-4118-86.
4. Permissible deviations in the thickness of rolled sheets must comply with the requirements of GOST 19903-74 and GOST 19904-74.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.3. Shovel blades at least 90% of the length from the cutting edge must be heat treated to a hardness of 37... 53 HRC e for shovels of types LKO, LKP, LOP, LOV, LOU and 35 ... 51 HRC e - for shovels of other types .
Shovels, except for the types LKO, LKP, LOP, LOV and LOU, can be manufactured without heat treatment.
2.4. The surfaces of metal parts of shovels must be free of cracks, films, delaminations and burrs. Sinkholes and dents with a depth greater than the thickness tolerance of rolled products are not allowed.
2.5. Deviations of the surface of blades from the nominal ±6 mm, for garden shovels ±3 mm, for blades of shovels made without heat treatment ±4 mm.
2.6. Blades of shovels of types LKO, LGR, LPG, LP, LKP, LOV, LOP and LOU must have a cutting edge. The sharpening angle of the cutting edge should be no more than 20°, the thickness of the cutting edge should be no more than 0.5 mm.
2.7. There should be no blockages, nicks or crumbled areas on the cutting edges of the shovel blades.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.8. Shovel blades must withstand bending moment forces in accordance with the standards specified in table. 2, in this case the welded or riveted connection should not be destroyed.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Table 2
Note. Shovels with a blade width of 150 mm must withstand a bending moment force when testing the blade of 160 N×m. The crown at the point of transition into the blade of shovels with a handle diameter of 35 mm must withstand a bending moment of 300 N×m.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
2.9. The crowns of the shovels should have a taper of 1:30 to 1:20. By agreement with the consumer, shovels of the VOC and VOC types may be manufactured with a cylindrical toe.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.10. For shovel blades of the LKO and LKP types, heat-treated for 90% of the length of the blade before the attack, a stiffening rib with a height of at least 8 mm and a length of at least 100 mm must be made in the attack zone.
2.11. The tolerance for symmetry of the tulle relative to the fabric is 3 mm.
2.12. The conical part of the crowns of all-stamped shovel blades must be welded or riveted.
2.13. Lack of penetration and burn-through of the weld are not allowed.
2.14. By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to produce shovels without cuttings.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.15. The cuttings must be secured in the crowns and forks with rivets in accordance with GOST 10299-80 or screws with a diameter of at least 4 mm in accordance with GOST 1144-80. The cuttings of gardening shovels can be secured with steel tension rings and screws.
2.16. The connection of the cuttings with the crowns and handles must be tight, no play is allowed.
2.17. The handles of the fork handles should not rotate at the fastening points.
2.18. The handle of a shovel type LR must have a steel rod with a diameter of 6 mm, a length of at least 320 mm, installed in longitudinal groove cuttings The lower end of the rod should be pointed, bent at an angle of 90° and driven into the handle to a depth of 8 - 10 mm. The upper end of the rod must be attached to the handle with a screw in accordance with GOST 1145-80.
2.19. Metal parts shovels must be coated with nitro-paints of the NTs type, enamels of bright colors with quality indicators not lower than Pf-115 enamel in accordance with GOST 6465-76 or, as agreed with the consumer, with varnish BT-577 in accordance with GOST 5631-79.
For construction and loading and unloading shovels, other anti-corrosion coatings are allowed upon agreement with the consumer.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.20. The surface of wooden parts should be free of cracks, flakes, wormholes, chips and other defects.
It is allowed to have no more than three healthy blind knots or plugs with a diameter of up to 10 mm, located 1/3 of the length from the top of the handle, and no more than two with a diameter of 10 mm. 8 mm - on the rest of the cutting.
The plugs must be made from the same type of wood as the cuttings and installed using moisture-resistant glue. The diameter of the plugs should not exceed the diameter of the corresponding knots by more than 20%.
It is allowed to make cuttings glued lengthwise with moisture-resistant glue.
2.21. The tangential inclination of the wood fibers of the cuttings should not be more than 20 mm per 1 m of cutting length.
2.22. Wood moisture content should not be more than 14%.
2.23. Cuttings with a diameter of 40 mm must withstand a bending moment of 440 N×m, and cuttings with a diameter of 35 mm - 300 N×m.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.24. Surface roughness parameters of handles and handles, except seats, Rm max £ 63 microns according to GOST 7016-82 for wood and Ra£ 0.8 microns according to GOST 2789-73 for plastics.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.25. Wooden parts of shovels must be coated with varnish NTs-221 or NTs-222 according to GOST 4976-83, or enamel PF-115 but GOST 6465-76, or enamel NTs-132 P according to GOST 6631-74, or enamels and varnishes of other brands according to quality indicators not lower than those indicated.
It is allowed to coat the wooden parts of shovels (with the exception of gardening ones) with drying oil in accordance with GOST 7931-76.
2.26. Paint and varnish coatings of shovel parts must comply with class V according to GOST 9.032-74. terms of Use paint coatings- according to group I GOST 9.104-79.
2.27. Each shovel must be clearly marked with the following:
manufacturer's trademark;
price (for the manufacture of shovels for retail sale).
2.28. Shovels must be packed in paper in accordance with GOST 8273-75 in bundles of no more than 5 pieces.
Shovel blades of the same type and size without cuttings, 5 - 10 pcs. must be tied with steel wire in accordance with GOST 3282-74, or steel tape in accordance with GOST 3560-73, or secured with shrink film in accordance with GOST 25951-83.
Shovel cuttings without blades must be packaged in bundles, with fasteners packaged in separate bags and attached to the bundle of cuttings. The weight of the bundle should not exceed 15 kg gross.
It is allowed to pack shovels, blades and cuttings in shrink film without wrapping with paper.
By agreement with the consumer, other packaging is allowed to ensure the safety of shovels from mechanical damage and corrosion during transportation and storage.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.29. Bundles of cuttings should be packaged in wooden laths according to GOST 12082-82, types II-3 and II-4 or boxes according to GOST 2991-85, type II-2.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.30. When transporting shovels in transport packages, they must be formed on pallets in accordance with GOST 9078-84.
Transport packages must be secured with steel packaging tape in accordance with GOST 3560-73 or steel wire in accordance with GOST 3282-74.
The dimensions of the transport package are 800´1200´900 mm.
The weight of the package is no more than 1000 kg.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.31. When sending products in universal containers in accordance with GOST 20435-75 and GOST 22225-76, bundles should not be packaged in a transport package.
2.32. Packaging of products shipped to the Far North and remote areas is in accordance with GOST 15846-79.
3. ACCEPTANCE
3.1. To verify compliance of shovels with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests should be carried out.
3.2. Shovels are presented for acceptance in batches. A batch is considered to be shovels manufactured in one shift and presented for acceptance using one document.
3.3. Acceptance tests should be carried out in the following scope: for compliance with the requirements of paragraphs. 2.4; 2.7; 2.12 - 2.19; 2.25 and 2.26 - 100% of products, for compliance with the requirements of paragraphs. 2.3 (before painting); 2.5; 2.6 (before painting); 2.9 - 2.11 (2.9 - before assembly with the handle); 2.20; 2.21; 2.24; 2.26 - 0.1% of shovels and 0.5% of cuttings from the accepted batch, but not less than 5 pieces. The results of the spot check are applied to the entire lot.
3.4. Periodic tests should be carried out at least once a quarter in the scope of acceptance tests with additional control of the requirements of paragraphs. 2.1; 2.2; 2.8; 2.22 and 2.24. For periodic testing, 1% of shovels from the batch are selected, but not less than 10 pieces.
3.5. If unsatisfactory test results are obtained for at least one of the indicators, a double test of a double number of shovels taken from the same batch should be carried out.
The results of the re-test are final.
4. CONTROL METHODS
4.1. Appearance shovels and the strength of connections (clauses 2.4; 2.7; 2.12 - 2.19; 2.25) should be checked visually by comparison with reference samples.
4.2. Checking the size of shovels, maximum deviations dimensions, sharpening angle and thickness of the cutting edge (clauses 2.1; 2.5; 2.6; 2.9 - 2.11) should be carried out using a universal measuring instrument or templates.
Checking the deviation of the surface of the shovel blades from the nominal should be carried out at the extreme points sections А-А, indicated on the devil. 2 - 16.
4.3. The hardness of the shovel blade (clause 2.3) should be determined according to GOST 9013-59 at 5 points, 15 - 50 mm away from the edge of the blade and evenly spaced around the perimeter.
4.4. The strength of the shovel blade is checked in a device that clamps the blade at a distance of 115 mm from the cutting edge.
The shovel blade is subjected to a preliminary load equal to 2/3 of the bending moment according to clause 2.8. After removing the load, fix the position of the handle at a distance of 700 mm from the clamping point.
After loading the blade with a full bending moment and removing the load, fix the position of the handle at the same distance. The difference in measurements should not exceed 7 mm.
The zone of transition of the toe cap into the fabric (from the line of the advance to the end of the toe cap or lining), as well as welded and riveted joints, are checked for strength in a device that ensures they are loaded with the bending moment established in clause 2.8, while the lower support should be located on the line of the advance. The specified area and connections must withstand a bending moment for 1 minute.
(New edition, Amendment No. 1).
4.5. The strength of the handle should be checked in a device simulating a tulleka by applying a bending moment in accordance with clause 2.23. After testing, there should be no cracks or delaminations on the handle.
(New edition, Amendment No. 1).
4.6. Knots should not exceed the dimensions specified by GOST 2695-83.
4.7. Checking the moisture content of wooden parts (clause 2.22) - according to GOST 16483.7-71 or according to GOST 16588-79.
4.8. The surface roughness of wooden parts should be determined according to GOST 15612-85 before applying paint and varnish.
4.9. The tangential inclination of the fibers should be checked on lumber or workpieces in accordance with GOST 2140-81.
5. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
5.1. Transportation of shovels is carried out by any type of transport in covered vehicles or universal containers in accordance with the transportation rules in force for a particular type of transport.
5.2. Storage of packaged shovels - according to group C GOST 15150-69.
6. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY
6.1. The manufacturer must guarantee that manufactured shovels comply with the requirements of this standard, subject to the conditions of transportation, storage and operation.
6.2. The warranty period for shovels is 12 months from the date of sale through the retail network, and for shovels for non-market consumption - from the date of receipt by the consumer.
APPLICATION. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy
PERFORMERS
E.A. Muravyov, Ph.D. tech. Sciences (topic leader); A.S. Mylnikov, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.A. Rabovsky; N.S. Cheremnykh; V.M. Eidenzon, Ph.D. tech. sciences; A.I. Seletkov, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.V. Corrol, Ph.D. tech. sciences
The standard applies to shovels intended for construction, gardening and loading and unloading work.
| Designation: | GOST 19596-87* |
| Russian name: | Shovels. Specifications |
| Status: | active |
| Replaces: | GOST 3620-76 “Steel construction shovels. Technical specifications" GOST 19596-74 |
| Date of text update: | 01.10.2008 |
| Date added to the database: | 01.02.2009 |
| Effective date: | 01.01.1989 |
| Designed by: | Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR |
| Approved: | State Standard of the USSR (07/21/1987) |
| Published: | Publishing house of standards No. 1988 |
SHOVELS
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS
GOST 19596-87
USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDS
Moscow
STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION
Validity period from 01/01/89
until 01/01/94
Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law
This standard applies to shovels intended for construction, gardening and loading and unloading work.
1. CLASSIFICATION, TYPES AND MAIN DIMENSIONS
1.1. Shovels are divided into:
construction;
gardening;
loading and unloading.
Designation of shovel elements
Name
Purpose
Drawing number
CONSTRUCTION SHOVELS
LKO
Pointed digging shovel
For digging soil
1 - with a fork handle;
2 - with a T-shaped handle;
3 - with ball head;
4 - hemispherical head;
5-with ball head and metal rod.
ituleika sheet - rolled thin sheet steel grades 30KhGS according to .45, 50 according to GOST 1050-74, BSt5, BSt6 according to GOST 380-88 or other grades with physical and mechanical parameters not lower than those indicated;
fork and toe - rolled thin sheet steel grades 10, 15, 20 according to GOST 1050-174 or BSt2, BSt3 according to GOST 380-88;
rod - steel BSt0, BSt2, BSt3 according to GOST 380-88;
handle and handle - 1st grade hardwood lumber: birch, ash, maple.
Notes:
1. It is allowed to make handles and forks from plastic according to .
2. It is allowed to make cuttings, except for cuttings of type 5, from other materials in accordance with the requirements of clause.
3. Thin-sheet rolled steel grades BSt5, BSt6, 10, 15, 20, 45 and 50 must comply with the requirements of GOST 16523-70, 30KhGS according to TU 14-1-4118-86.
4. Permissible deviations in the thickness of rolled sheets must comply with the requirements of GOST 19904-74.
2.2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Bending moment for shovels, N× m, no less
LKO, LKP
LOP, LOV, LOW
LP, LR, LSP, LU-1, LU-2, LM-1, LM-2, LPR, LGR LPG, LSZ
LSU
Blade at a distance of 115 mm from the cutting edge
180
200
160
160
Tuleyka in the place of transition to the canvas
450
450
300
200
Note . Shovels with a blade width of 150 mm must withstand a bending moment when testing a blade of 160 N× m. The tulleka at the point of transition to the blade with a handle diameter of 35 mm must withstand a bending moment force of 300 N× m.
Note. (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
2.9.
2.10. For shovel blades of the LKO and LKP types, heat-treated for 90% of the length of the blade before the attack, a stiffening rib with a height of at least 8 mm and a length of at least 100 mm must be made in the attack zone.
2.13. Lack of penetration and burns of the weld are not allowed.
2.14. In agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to produce shovels without cuttings.
2.14. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
For construction and loading and unloading shovels, other anti-corrosion coatings are allowed upon agreement with the consumer.
2.19. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.20. There should be no cracks, flakes, wormholes, chips or other defects on the surface of wooden parts.
It is allowed to have no more than three healthy blind knots or plugs with a diameter of up to 10 mm, located 1/3 of the length from the top of the handle, and no more than two with a diameter of up to 10 mm. 8 mm - on the rest of the cutting.
The plugs must be made from the same type of wood as the cuttings and installed using moisture-resistant glue. The diameter of the plugs should not exceed the diameter of the corresponding knots by more than 20%.
It is allowed to produce cuttings glued lengthwise with moisture-resistant glue.
2.21. The tangential inclination of the wood fibers of the cuttings should not be more than 20 mm per 1 m of cutting length.
It is allowed to coat the wooden parts of shovels (with the exception of gardening ones) with drying oil according to.
4.3. Shovel blade hardness (p. ) should be determined according to GOST 9013-59 at 5 points, 15 - 50 mm away from the edge of the web and evenly spaced around the perimeter.
4.4. The strength of the shovel blade is checked in a device that clamps the blade at a distance of 115 mm from the cutting edge.
The shovel blade is subjected to a preliminary load equal to 2\3 bending moment according to item. After removing the load, fix the position of the handle at a distance of 700 mm from the clamping point.
After loading the canvas with a full bending moment and removing the load, fix the position of the handle at the same distance. The difference in measurements should not exceed 7 mm.
The transition zone of the toe to the fabric (from the line of the advance to the end of the toe or lining), as well as welded and riveted joints, are checked for strength in a device that ensures they are loaded with a bending moment set in point, while the lower support should be located on the line of the advance. The specified area and connections must withstand the bending moment for 1 minute.
4.4. (Amended edition, Rev. No. 1).
TU 14-1-4118-86
6. REPUBLICATION. June 1988
INTRODUCED Change No. 1, approved and put into effect by the Resolution State Committee USSR according to standards dated 02/10/89 N 209 from 07/01/89 and published in IUS N 5, 1989
Amendment No. 1 was made by the legal bureau "Code" according to the text of IUS No. 5, 1989.
This standard applies to shovels intended for construction, gardening and loading and unloading work.
1. CLASSIFICATION, TYPES AND MAIN DIMENSIONS
1.1. Shovels are divided by type into:
construction;
gardening;
loading and unloading.
1.2. Shovels (Fig. 1), depending on the purpose, are made of the following types indicated in Table 1.
Damn.1
Designation of shovel elements
1 - canvas; 2 - tulleka; 3 - stalk
Table 1
Name | Purpose | Drawing number |
|
CONSTRUCTION SHOVELS |
|||
Pointed digging shovel | For digging soil | ||
Rectangular digging shovel | |||
Pick-up shovel | For collecting and moving soil and bulk materials | ||
Faceted pick-up shovel | |||
Mortar shovel | For feeding and leveling the solution | ||
GARDEN SHOVELS |
|||
Garden and garden digging shovel | For work on medium and soft soils | ||
Garden and garden digging shovel | |||
Universal gardening shovel | |||
LOADING AND UNLOADING SHOVELS |
|||
Sand shovel | For picking, unloading, loading sand, crushed stone, asphalt and other bulk materials | ||
Grain shovel | For picking and unloading grain and light bulk materials | ||
Coal shovel | For heaping coal in the longwall and extracting a piece of coal from the notched crack | ||
Metallurgical shovel | For loading and unloading operations in metallurgical production | ||
Pedigree shovel | For loading rock. ore, crushed stone | ||
Mining shovel | |||
Snow shovel | For snow removal | ||
1.3. According to the design of the blade, shovels are made:
solidly stamped;
prefabricated (with an applied tulika).
1.4. The main dimensions of shovels (without handles) and their maximum deviations must correspond to those indicated in Figure 2-16.
Unspecified maximum deviations for shovel blades ± according to GOST 25346-82.
Damn.2
Pointed digging shovel, LKO
Weight - no more than 0.98 kg
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Damn.3
Rectangular digging shovel, paintwork
Weight - no more than 1.05 kg
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Damn.4
Pick-up shovel, LP
Weight - no more than 1.2 kg
Damn.5
Faceted pick-up shovel, LPG
Weight - no more than 1.6 kg
Damn.6
Mortar shovel, LR
Weight - no more than 1.3 kg
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1)
Damn.7
Garden and garden digging shovel, LOP
Weight - no more than 1.2 kg
Damn.8
Garden and garden digging shovel, LOV
Weight - no more than 1.2 kg
Damn.9
Universal gardening shovel, LOU
Dimensions, mm |
||
Weight - no more than 1.5 kg
Damn.10
Sand shovel, LSP
Weight - no more than 0.98 kg
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Damn.11
Grain shovel, LSZ
Weight - no more than 0.75 kg
Damn.12
Coal shovel, LU
Weight - no more than 1.64 kg
Damn.13
Metallurgical shovel, LM
Dimensions, mm |
||
Weight - no more than 1.4 kg
Damn.14
Rock shovel, LPR
Weight - no more than 1.29 kg
Damn.15
Mining shovel, LGR
Weight - no more than 1.17 kg
Damn.16
Snow shovel, LSU
Weight - no more than 1.4 kg
1.5. Shovel cuttings are made of 5 types (Fig. 17):
1 - with a fork handle;
2 - with T-shaped handle;
3 - with a ball head;
4 - with a hemispherical head;
5 - with a ball head with a metal rod.
1.6. The main dimensions of the cuttings and their use by type of shovel must correspond to those indicated in Figure 17.
Unspecified maximum deviations for shovel handles ±IT17 according to GOST 6449.1-82.
Crap. 17
Dimensions of the planting part of the cuttings, mm
Shovel type | |
LSP, LSZ | |
LKO, LKP, LP, LPG, LU-1, LU-2, LM-1, LM-2, LPR | |
LR, LSU | |
Crap. 17
Notes:
1. It is allowed to produce cuttings for gardening shovels with a diameter of 35 mm.
2. For shovels of the VOC and LOU types, it is allowed to make cuttings without a conical part.
3. It is allowed to produce conical seats for cuttings for gardening shovels with 2 angles of inclination.
An example of a symbol for a shovel of the LKO type, with a handle of type 4, 1300 mm long:
LKO-4-1300 GOST 19596-87
The same, type LOU, version 1, width 210 mm, with handle type 1:
LOU-1-210-1 GOST 19596-87
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1)
2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Shovels should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to working drawings and standard samples approved in the prescribed manner.
2.2. Shovel parts must be made of the following materials:
cloth and tulika - rolled thin sheet steel grades 30KhGS according to GOST 4543-71, 45, 50 according to GOST 1050-74, BSt5, BSt6 according to GOST 380-88 or other grades with physical and mechanical parameters not lower than those indicated;
fork and tulleka - rolled thin sheet steel grades 10, 15, 20 according to GOST 1050-74 or BSt2, BSt3 according to GOST 380-88;
rod - steel BSt0, BSt2, BSt3 according to GOST 380-88;
handle and handle - 1st grade hardwood lumber: birch, ash, maple according to GOST 2695-83.
Notes:
1. It is allowed to make handles and forks from plastic in accordance with GOST 16338-85.
2. It is allowed to make cuttings, except for cuttings of type 5, from other materials in accordance with the requirement of clause 2.23.
3. Thin-sheet rolled steel grades BSt5, BSt6, 10, 15, 20, 45 and 50 must comply with the requirements of GOST 16523-70, 30KhGS according to TU 14-1-4118-86.
4. Permissible deviations in the thickness of rolled sheets must comply with the requirements of GOST 19903-74 and GOST 19904-74.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.3. Shovel blades at least 90% of the length from the cutting edge must be heat treated to a hardness of 37 ... 53 HRC, for shovels of types LKO, LKP, LOP, LOV, LOU and 35 ... 51 HRC, for shovels of other types .
Shovels, except for the types LKO, LKP, LOP, LOV and LOU, are allowed to be manufactured without heat treatment.
2.4. The surfaces of metal parts of shovels must be free of cracks, films, delaminations and burrs. Sinkholes and dents with a depth greater than the thickness tolerance of rolled products are not allowed.
2.5. Deviations of the surface of blades from the nominal ±6 mm, for garden shovels ±3 mm, for blades of shovels made without heat treatment ±4 mm.
2.6. Blades of shovels of types LKO, LGR, LPG, LP, LKP, LOV, LOP and LOU must have a cutting edge. The sharpening angle of the cutting edge should be no more than 20°, the thickness of the cutting edge should be no more than 0.5 mm.
2.7. There should be no blockages, nicks or crumbled areas on the cutting edges of the shovel blades.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.8. Shovel blades must withstand bending moment forces in accordance with the standards specified in Table 2, while the welded or riveted joint must not be destroyed.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Table 2
Test area | Bending moment for shovels, Nm, not less |
|||
LOP, LOV, LOW | LP, LR, LSP, LU-1, LU-2, LM-1, LM-2, LPR, LGR, LPG, LSZ | |||
Blade at a distance of 115 mm from the cutting edge | ||||
Tuleyka in the place of transition to the canvas | ||||
Note. Shovels with a blade width of 150 mm must withstand a bending moment force when testing the blade of 160 Nm. The crown at the point of transition into the blade of shovels with a handle diameter of 35 mm must withstand a bending moment of 300 Nm.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.9. The crowns of the shovels should have a taper of 1:30 to 1:20. By agreement with the consumer, shovels of the VOC and VOC types may be manufactured with a cylindrical toe.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.10. For shovel blades of the LKO and LKP types, heat-treated for 90% of the length of the blade before the attack, a stiffening rib with a height of at least 8 mm and a length of at least 100 mm must be made in the attack zone.
2.11. The tolerance for symmetry of the tulle relative to the fabric is 3 mm.
2.12. The conical part of the crowns of all-stamped shovel blades must be welded or riveted.
2.13. Lack of penetration and burn-through of the weld are not allowed.
2.14. By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to produce shovels without cuttings.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.15. The cuttings must be secured in the crowns and forks with rivets in accordance with GOST 10299-80 or screws with a diameter of at least 4 mm in accordance with GOST 1144-80. The cuttings of gardening shovels can be secured with steel tension rings and screws.
2.16. The connection of the cuttings with the crowns and handles must be tight, no play is allowed.
2.17. The handles of the fork handles should not rotate at the fastening points.
2.18. The handle of a shovel type LR must have a steel rod with a diameter of 6 mm, a length of at least 320 mm, installed in the longitudinal groove of the handle. The lower end of the rod should be pointed, bent at an angle of 90° and driven into the handle to a depth of 8-10 mm. The upper end of the rod must be attached to the handle with a screw in accordance with GOST 1145-80.
2.19. Metal parts of shovels must be coated with nitro paints of the NTs type, with bright-colored enamels in quality indicators not lower than PF-115 enamel according to GOST 6465-76 or, as agreed with the consumer, with BT-577 varnish according to GOST 5631-79.
For construction and loading and unloading shovels, other anti-corrosion coatings are allowed upon agreement with the consumer.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.20. The surface of wooden parts should be free of cracks, flakes, wormholes, chips and other defects.
It is allowed to have no more than three healthy blind knots or plugs with a diameter of up to 10 mm, located 1/3 of the length from the top of the handle, and no more than two with a diameter of 10 mm. 8 mm - on the rest of the cutting.
The plugs must be made from the same type of wood as the cuttings and installed using moisture-resistant glue. The diameter of the plugs should not exceed the diameter of the corresponding knots by more than 20%.
It is allowed to make cuttings glued lengthwise with moisture-resistant glue.
2.21. The tangential inclination of the wood fibers of the cuttings should not be more than 20 mm per 1 m of cutting length.
2.22. Wood moisture content should not be more than 14%.
2.23. Cuttings with a diameter of 40 mm must withstand a bending moment of 440 Nm, and cuttings with a diameter of 35 mm - 300 Nm.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.24. The roughness parameter of the surfaces of handles and handles, except for seats, is 63 microns, or with enamels and varnishes of other brands with quality indicators not lower than those indicated.
It is allowed to coat the wooden parts of shovels (with the exception of gardening ones) with drying oil in accordance with GOST 7931-76.
2.26. Paint and varnish coatings of shovel parts must comply with class V according to GOST 9.032-74. Operating conditions for paint and varnish coatings are according to group I GOST 9.104-79.
2.27. Each shovel must be clearly marked with the following:
manufacturer's trademark;
Shovel cuttings without blades must be packaged in bundles, with fasteners packaged in separate bags and attached to the bundle of cuttings. The weight of the bundle should not exceed 15 kg gross.
It is allowed to pack shovels, blades and cuttings in shrink film without wrapping with paper.
By agreement with the consumer, other packaging is allowed to ensure the safety of shovels from mechanical damage and corrosion during transportation and storage.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.29. Bundles of cuttings must be packed in wooden crates in accordance with GOST 12082-82 Dimensions of the transport package - 800x1200x900 mm.
3.1. To verify compliance of shovels with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests should be carried out.
3.2. Shovels are presented for acceptance in batches. A batch is considered to be shovels manufactured in one shift and presented for acceptance using one document.
3.3. Acceptance tests should be carried out in the following scope: for compliance with the requirements of clause 2.4; 2.7; 2.12-2.19; 2.25 and 2.26 - 100% of products, for compliance with the requirements of paragraph 2.3 (before painting); 2.5; 2.6 (before painting); 2.9-2.11 (2.9 - before assembly with cuttings); 2.20; 2.21; 2.24; 2.26 - 0.1% of shovels and 0.5% of cuttings from the accepted batch, but not less than 5 pieces. The results of the spot check are applied to the entire lot.
3.4. Periodic tests should be carried out at least once a quarter in the scope of acceptance tests with additional control of the requirements of clause 2.1; 2.2; 2.8; 2.22 and 2.24. For periodic testing, 1% of shovels from the batch are selected, but not less than 10 pieces.
3.5. If unsatisfactory test results are obtained for at least one of the indicators, a double test of a double number of shovels taken from the same batch should be carried out.
The results of the re-test are final.
4. CONTROL METHODS
4.1. The appearance of shovels and the strength of connections (clauses 2.4; 2.7; 2.12-2.19; 2.25) should be checked visually by comparison with reference samples.
4.2. Checking the dimensions of shovels, maximum deviations in dimensions, sharpening angle and thickness of the cutting edge (clauses 2.1; 2.5; 2.6; 2.9-2.11) should be carried out with a universal measuring tool or templates.
Checking the deviation of the surface of the shovel blades from the nominal value should be carried out at the extreme points of the section indicated in Figure 2-16.
4.3. The hardness of the shovel blade (clause 2.3) should be determined according to GOST 9013-59 at 5 points, 15-50 mm away from the edge of the blade and evenly spaced around the perimeter.
4.4. The strength of the shovel blade is checked in a device that clamps the blade at a distance of 115 mm from the cutting edge.
The shovel blade is subjected to a preliminary load equal to 2/3 of the bending moment according to clause 2.8. After removing the load, fix the position of the handle at a distance of 700 mm from the clamping point.
After loading the blade with a full bending moment and removing the load, fix the position of the handle at the same distance. The difference in measurements should not exceed 7 mm.
The zone of transition of the tulleka into the fabric (from the line of the advance to the end of the tulleka or lining), as well as welded and riveted joints, are checked for strength in a device that ensures they are loaded with a bending moment established in clause 2.8, while the lower support should be located on the line offensive The specified area and connections must withstand a bending moment for 1 minute.
4.8. The surface roughness of wooden parts should be determined according to GOST 15612-85 before applying paint and varnish.
4.9. The tangential inclination of the fibers should be checked on lumber or workpieces in accordance with GOST 2140-81.
5. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
5.1. Transportation of shovels is carried out by any type of transport in covered vehicles or universal containers in accordance with the transportation rules in force for a particular type of transport.
5.2. Storage of packaged shovels - according to group C GOST 15150-69.
6. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY
6.1. The manufacturer must guarantee that manufactured shovels comply with the requirements of this standard, subject to the conditions of transportation, storage and operation.
6.2. Warranty period operation of shovels - 12 months from the moment of sale through the retail trade network, and for shovels for off-market consumption - from the moment of receipt by the consumer.
Application. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
The text of the document is verified according to:
official publication
/Gosstandart of the USSR -
M.: Standards Publishing House, 1988
Revision of the document taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"
