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Which insect does not live in large families? Bees and ants are social insects lesson plan on the topic. Behavior and caste division

Many species of highly developed insects (termites, bees, ants, wasps) live in complex communities. They have such a well-calibrated organization that sometimes they resemble a “superorganism” that is driven by the queen.

LARGE FAMILIES

In the numerous “states” of insects that form termites, ants, some species of bees and wasps, each member of the community - the queen, workers, soldiers and drones - performs its own, clearly regulated function. This division of labor is the main condition for the existence of the colony. Individual individuals of such a community are so dependent on each other that they can no longer exist independently. For example, worker termites are guarded by well-armed soldiers, who are unable to survive without workers, since they cannot obtain food on their own and depend on the workers to feed them. In turn, workers and soldiers are not able to reproduce. The function of reproducing offspring lies on the uterus , around which the colony is formed. The queen lives inside the nest, she is fed by workers, and soldiers protect her. All the bees of one colony, and there can be about 80,000 of them, are descendants of one queen and older sisters to newborn individuals, therefore they are all genetic twins. have a highly developed social instinct.

FORMATION OF THE COLONY

In autumn, with the onset of cold weather, all individuals of the wasp colony die, with the exception of fertilized queens. Shortly before the nest disappears, several mature pairs appear in the wasp colony, which fly away and mate. The males soon die, and the females, sensing the approach of winter, hide in warm places. In the spring, fertilized queens emerge from their shelters and each of them builds a nest of wood treated with special enzymes, consisting of 10-12 hexagonal cells. Eggs are placed in these cells of the uterus. The queen feeds the larvae with a gruel of semi-digested insects. The larvae grow quickly and soon develop into sterile worker wasps. After the workers are born, the queen no longer engages in any household chores, she only lays eggs, and the workers build new cells, take care of the eggs and raise the larvae. The social system of some species of ants and termites is somewhat more complex. Worker ants are divided into several castes, depending on the work they perform. Some, for example, have the task of spraying enemies with formic acid, i.e., conducting a kind of “ chemical warfare", and on others - to deliver nectar to the warehouse. Termite larvae are miniature copies of adult individuals. They develop into soldiers that have powerful jaws or a stinging apparatus that secretes a sticky substance that can become a trap for enemies. Termite workers and soldiers - wingless and blind individuals.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

In most insect species, with the exception of the breeding season, there is no need for communication. In social insects, on the contrary, communication between members of the colony is vital. Some species have developed a perfect information transmission system. Body language is often used for this. For example, honey bees, with the help of a special dance, very accurately inform their fellow bees in the hive about the road to the place where, according to them, the source of nectar is located. Ants use a different method. Having found a significant source of food, they return to the anthill, leaving behind a persistent odorous trail. Other ants, following this path, also leave their odorous marks, which are a guide for the rest of the colony. Pheromones play a very important role in the life activity of all types of social insects. Hungry larvae secrete a special substance that is a “feed me” signal. The queen secretes her pheromones and thus sends her own signal to the workers, reminding them of their duties. At certain intervals, the workers exchange glandular secretions with the queen, and thus a close relationship is maintained between them A community of many insects that has lost a queen is doomed to death: the insects do not know what to do, for example, workers stop working, being left without a queen, they can grow a new one: for this they build special cells and feed the larvae with special food.

Termites

The social structure of termites consists of three types of insects: the queen (queen), soldiers and workers.
Uterus: lives in the center of the colony. It has a large body with hypertrophied ovaries (up to 10 cm long) that constantly produce eggs - many millions of eggs throughout its life. The winged male who fertilized the female dies. The queen lives for about 10 years.
Soldiers: Large and darker than workers, with large heads and extremely strong jaws. They guard and protect the colony from enemies.
Workers: small, soft-bodied insects white. They build a nest and maintain order in it. Unlike other social insects, worker termites come in both sexes.

Ants

Almost all ant species are social insects. They live in anthills.
Uterus: its only task is to take care of procreation and lay eggs.
Workers: wingless sterile males up to 30 mm long. They care for the queen and larvae, build and repair the anthill. If an anthill is attacked by enemies and there is no one to “fight”, then the workers defend the colony.
Soldiers: like workers, wingless and sterile, but somewhat larger, with large heads and powerful jaws. Their task is to protect the anthill from enemies

Bees

Bees live in communities of up to 60,000 insects.
Uterus: the only one in the entire colony. The queen controls the hive and lays eggs. It does not have organs for collecting pollen, so it is fed by workers.
Workers: they collect pollen and nectar from flowers, feed the young, queen, drones and protect the colony. They build honeycombs consisting of regular hexagonal cells, which serve as a storage facility for honey and an incubator for eggs. Working bees communicate information about food-rich places to each other using a special dance, accurately indicating the distance to them and the direction of flight.
Drones: their only purpose is to fertilize the uterus. The drones are fed by worker bees. After mating they die.

Wasps

Some social wasp species live in large colonies. Unlike bees and termites, the nest is used only for one summer. In the fall, all wasps die out. Only fertilized female founders overwinter and build a new nest in the spring. Wasp nests are built from cellulose - pieces of wood mixed with saliva.

Insects living in a single community: ants, wasps, bees and termites have always aroused special interest and surprise among people. This is reflected in numerous myths, legends and traditions. IN ancient greek mythology ants were a symbol of the goddess Demeter. And one of the most ancient images found in Europe was the Queen of the Hive. Social insects play vital role in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Wasps and most ants act as predators, termites, especially in tropical ecosystems, as the most important destroyers of plant debris, and social bees are pollinators of many wild and cultivated plants and manufacturers of medicinal products.
Hierarchical intrafamily ties and complex structures of interaction between community members still attract close attention from scientists. Solve the riddle collective intelligence Humanity has been trying to find animals since ancient times, and judging by the fact that our ancestors used images of insects to image the gods, this suggests that this secret was understood by them and was actively used to control human communities.
What is the essence of this natural phenomenon?! What's going on?

BEES ARE SOCIAL INSECTS. In the world of animals with Nikolai Drozdov. Video (00:04:59)

Nests of social insects: bees, wasps and ants. Video (00:45:14)

Class: 7

Presentation for the lesson

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Lesson objectives:

Educational:

• study the behavioral characteristics of social insects;
• study the diversity of social insects;
• study the role of social insects in nature and human life.

Educational:

• activate and develop the mental activity of students through problem-based learning;
• develop students' creative skills;
• develop the ability to highlight the main points from the teacher’s story, textbook material and additional materials.

Educators:

• education of active creative personality a student who can see, pose and solve non-standard educational problems;
• fostering a sustainable interest in the subject of biology;
• fostering a caring attitude towards social insects by identifying their role in nature and human life.

Knowledge that students should master at the end of the lesson:

• Social insects include termites, bumblebees, wasps, bees, ants;
• the ant family consists of a wingless female queen, worker ants, and larvae; males participate only in fertilizing females, after which they die. Within the family there is a distribution of responsibilities;
• ants regulate the number of forest pests;
• a bee colony consists of a queen, drones, worker bees and larvae; drones take part in the fertilization of females, after which they die.
• There is a distribution of responsibilities within the bee colony;
• bees have complex instinctive behavior, which is manifested in the complex actions performed by bees in the process of work, in their careful care of the offspring, in the appropriateness of the division of labor between family members, in their amazing construction art;
• bees and their metabolic products are of great practical importance in nature and human life.

Lesson progress

I. Organizational moment(5 minutes)

The teacher welcomes students and notes those who are absent in the journal.

II. Updating knowledge on a previously studied topic: “Types of development of insects.” (10 minutes)

Frontal survey:

How do insects develop with complete metamorphosis?

How does development with incomplete transformation differ from development with complete transformation?

Insects of what type of development have a greater advantage and why?

III. Learning new material

Learning new material begins with the topic of the lesson. In a traditional lesson, the teacher usually writes the topic of the lesson on the board at the beginning of the lesson, i.e. gives in finished form.

The purpose of a problem lesson when setting a topic is creative activity students.

From the very beginning of learning new material, the student must think, analyze, and reason.

We will try to make sure that the student, answering the questions, formulates the topic of the lesson himself.

To do this, we will initially divide the topic of the lesson into two subtopics:

1. Bees and ants - social insects.
2. Beneficial insects.

These subtopics are not communicated to students in a ready-made form; we formulated them for ourselves in order to clearly think through the questions that lead students to these subtopics in the future.

We develop a dialogue that encourages students to understand the topic of the lesson.

Dialogue leading to the topic, creating a problematic situation:

Task 1 (5 minutes)

Students are offered a list of words that characterize an insect in a certain way. In this case, these are bees and ants.

Teacher: Before you are two rows of words, each of them characterizes a specific insect. I suggest you break up into pairs and think: What kind of insects are these? What do you know about these insects?

FOREST, TREE, HOUSING, FAMILY, NECTAR, HONEY.

FOREST, STUM, HILL, FAMILY, APHID.

After students have arrived at the correct answer, they are asked to complete the following task:

Task 2 (10 minutes)

To create problematic situation I propose to compare the hierarchy of social insects with the hierarchy that exists in our school.

To do this, students are offered three diagrams on the board:

Students are asked to look at these diagrams and answer the question: What do the presented diagrams have in common?

Teacher: Before you are presented diagrams (see Appendix) that depict the hierarchy in bee and ant families and the hierarchy of our school. What do these three schemes have in common?

Students: Both insects and people have a division of responsibilities.

Teacher: Right. Let's think about what society as a whole is?

Students: This is bringing people together.

Teacher: What unites them?

Students: Any activity.

Teacher: Right. Society is a group of people united by collective activity. Do you think ants and bees work together? If yes, why do you think so?

Students: Because they have a division of responsibilities, they work together and form a family.

Students: Can.

Teacher: Right. Let’s write down the first topic of today’s lesson: “Bees and ants are social insects.”

Teacher: Guys, how many of you know what an anthill is and what a beehive is?

Students: An anthill is the home of ants, and a hive is the home of bees.

Teacher: Do you think all ants form a family, or are there ants that live alone?

Students: No, all ants form a family.

Teacher: Why can't ants live alone?

Students: They will die because, for example, the queen cannot simultaneously lay eggs and guard the anthill.

Teacher: Now think and answer my question: Do you think that if bees are also social insects, then the distribution of responsibilities will be the same or different?

Students: The distribution of responsibilities will be similar.

Task 3 (10 minutes)

Students are asked to work with the text of the textbook and create a table that will reflect in more detail the composition of the bee and ant families, as well as the functions that they perform in the family.

Previously, the diagrams presented on the board must be removed in order to organize the students’ search activities, as well as to use their memory, to see how well they remember what they previously saw on the board.

Teacher: guys, open the textbook on page 135 (Table 5). I suggest you come up with and fill out a table in which you must determine the composition of the bee and ant families, as well as indicate the role they perform in the family. The diagram you saw on the board at the beginning of the lesson can serve as a hint.

Table. Composition of ant and bee families:

Bee family		Ant family
Family member	Features, role	Family member	Features, role
Uterus	The main bee is larger in size than the other bees and lays eggs.	Uterus (queen)	Wingless female, breaks off wings after mating flight. The role is to lay eggs.
Drone	Male. The role is to fertilize females. After fertilization, the males are expelled from the hive and die.	Male	Winged individuals. The role is to fertilize females. After mating, the males die.
Worker bees	Infertile females, the ovipositor is modified into a stinger. Role: clean the hive, collect nectar, care for the queen and larvae, protect the hive from enemies.	Worker ant	Infertile females that do not have wings. The role is to clean the anthill, collect food, care for the queen and larvae, and protect the anthill from enemies.

While completing the task, the teacher makes sure that the whole class is involved in the work, approaches the students, monitors the progress of the task, and makes corrections if necessary.

After completing the task, the teacher asks questions to the class:

• Did everyone complete the task?
• What difficulties arose when completing the task, what was not clear?

If questions arise, the teacher makes appropriate explanations and additions. If all students completed the task and no questions arose, then the teacher proceeds to the next task, and checks the quality of the table at the end of the lesson when consolidating the learned material.

Task 4 (15 minutes)

When completing this task, students’ search activities are organized. Students are divided into three groups (the division can be done according to the rows in the classroom). The teacher asks each row of students one problematic question. After that, students are given time to think and write down the answer to the question in their notebooks. The teacher asks the students how they can answer this question and listens to all opinions. Next, he distributes the text on cards, with the help of which the students must find the answer to the question posed. Students write down their answers in notebooks, after which work is organized to exchange information, and finally, results are summed up and conclusions are formulated.

Card No. 1

Problem question: What advantages does a social lifestyle give to ants and bees?

Families of social insects usually build large dwellings, the creation of which is beyond the power of single species. The presence of such a dwelling, sometimes also very durable (termite mounds), increases the protection of both the insects themselves and, what is much more important, their offspring and food supplies that can be stored in such a dwelling. Due to joint activities social insects (bees, ants) can maintain an optimal microclimate (temperature, humidity) in their homes, which is inaccessible to solitary species.

The possibility of joint action provides important advantages. Together you can defend against larger enemies, take possession of larger prey that is inaccessible to a single insect of the same size (ants).

Card No. 2

Problematic question: Why does an ant need an anthill?

An anthill is a nest, the home of an ant family. Ants use their domed nests to trap sun rays and heat accumulation.

Anthills consist of needles, small twigs, pieces of bark and plant debris. At first glance, it seems that all this garbage is scattered randomly. However, it turns out that even in the heaviest rain, the anthill practically does not get wet.

The height of anthills is usually 0.5-0.7 m, but sometimes they reach a height of 1.5 m. The starting point for building a nest is often an old stump. The population of medium nests is about 500,000 individuals, and in large ones there are up to a million ants. Each family owns a separate, protected territory, into which other ants are not allowed. On it, ants build “scent” roads along which they transport food products and building material.

Ants are very strong and successfully deliver not only small insects, but also superior in mass. If the prey is very large, then they transport it collectively. When observing them, it may seem that they are not helping, but only hindering each other - everyone is pulling in their own direction. However, since all ants have the same general desire, the prey eventually ends up in the anthill.

Thus, a joint lifestyle allows ants to build large dwellings, which increase the security of both the insects themselves and their offspring and food supplies. Through joint activity, ants (social insects) can maintain an optimal microclimate (temperature, humidity) in their homes, which is inaccessible to single species.

Card No. 3

Problem question: How do ants communicate?

Text (http://edu.zelenogorsk.ru/projs/eko/bespozv/nas35.html):

When communicating with each other, ants use a variety of signals, mainly by touching each other with their antennae, legs, and heads. Chemical signals are also used. Everyone knows that disturbed ants take a defensive pose: they rise high on their hind legs and point the end of their abdomen forward. And immediately there is a pungent smell. This ant sprayed out a liquid consisting of formic acid and anxiety substances – undecane. It should be noted that most ants, although they belong to the stinging hymenoptera, do not have a sting. However, they still have poisonous glands at the end of their abdomen. How do they use them? The ant has powerful jaws, with which it bites the enemy when attacking or defending. At the same time, it bends its abdomen so that its end is near the head, and sprays poison into the wound inflicted by its jaws. If there are other ants nearby, then the smell of the sprayed liquid is perceived by them as an alarm signal, and they immediately join the first ant. And on the roads along which the ants run from the anthill and to the anthill, they secrete other, so-called trace substances that allow them not to go astray. All ants from the same nest have a common smell, which allows them to recognize each other and prevent ants from other people's nests from entering their nest.

Teacher: Do you think the behavior of social insects is complex?

Students: yes.

Teacher: Does this mean that these insects have intelligence?

Students: probably means.

Teacher: Do any of you know what instinct is?

Students express their opinions. Thus, a problem arises and various hypotheses are put forward. Students are asked to solve this problem using the textbook.

Teacher: to solve this problem, let's turn to the textbook and write down what instinct is, and whether insects really have intelligence.

Students are asked to turn to page 137, find and write down information about what instinct is.

An example entry in a notebook:

Instinct is a set of innate aspects of behavior, fixed hereditarily and characteristic of a certain species of animal.

The behavior of bees, ants and some other animals is so complex and surprising that it leads people to believe that it is intelligent. However, these actions of animals are instinctive and unconscious.

Teacher: Guys, do you think insects are useful or harmful?

Students: Helpful.

Teacher: We write down the second subtopic of our lesson in our notebooks: “Beneficial insects.” (10 minutes)

Teacher: Which ones beneficial insects You know?

Students: ants, bees, beetles, silkworms.

Teacher: What benefits do these insects bring?

Students: honey, silk, eat harmful insects...

Teacher: Do any of you know who the silkworm is and what it is famous for?

Students express their versions, after which they are asked to turn to the text of the textbook and answer the following questions:

Where is the silkworm found in nature? (a question for attentiveness, students must answer that the silkworm is a completely domesticated animal and does not occur in nature).

• What does an adult silkworm insect look like and why was this insect given such a name?
• How does a person obtain silk using the silkworm?

IV. Reflection.(5 minutes)

Frontal survey of students:

1. What insects are social?
2. Name the composition and characteristics of the bee family.
3. Name the composition and characteristics of the ant family.
4. Why is the behavior of social insects complex but not intelligent?
5. What insects are considered beneficial, what benefits do they bring?
6. What insects have humans domesticated? What benefits do they bring?

V. Homework.

Paragraph 28, questions after the paragraph, notes in a notebook;

Answer the following questions in writing:

The adult silkworm moth does not feed. Her mouth organs are not developed. How does this insect live?

How do bees get honey?

Educational literature

Biology: 7th grade: textbook for students of general education institutions: in 2 hours. Part 1 / V.M. Konstantinov, V.G. Babenko, V.S. Kuchmenko: ed. prof. I.N. Ponomareva, - 3rd ed. reworked – M.: Ventana-Graf. 2009. – 160 p.: ill.

Insects living large families are called social. Family members of social insects are divided into two groups: males and females, who perform the function of reproduction, and workers, who do not participate in reproduction, but jointly perform all the work to maintain the life of the family and protect individuals of the first group. Only representatives of two series form families: Hymenoptera and Termites.

The Hymenoptera series unites insects with complete metamorphosis, which have two pairs of transparent wings fused together (Fig. 69). Another feature of Hymenoptera is that males are born only from unfertilized eggs. The Hymenoptera series includes about 90,000 species of insects.

Developed Hymenoptera - stinging insects: wasps, bees, ants. They all take care of their offspring.

Wasps are both social and solitary insects. They feed the larvae with animal food, which they obtain by paralyzing their victims with a stinger. Adult wasps feed on plant nectar or aphid secretions. They build nests from a kind of semi-finished paper: they bite off small fibers of wood with their jaws, moisten them with saliva and grind them.

The life cycle of the forest wasp family, common in the forests of Ukraine, is as follows. In the spring, a female flies out of a storage facility - some crack in the wood. IN convenient location she makes a nest hanging from the ceiling of the vault and consists of several cells. The female lays an egg in each cell, from which a larva emerges. The female feeds the larvae chewed by insects. She brings them food, like a bird feeds its chicks. The larvae pupate and after the pupal stage they develop into workers. Now they make nests themselves and take care of new larvae. In addition, the workers feed the female, whose only duty is to lay eggs. Workers are also females, but they do not participate in the reproductive process. Externally, female workers do not differ from the female queen and after her death they are able to lay eggs themselves. During the summer, the number of individuals in the nest increases, the family increases. At the end of summer, not workers emerge from the eggs, but full-fledged females and males mate. The males then die and the females hide until spring. With the onset of winter, “a real tragedy plays out” in the nest: the old female and workers kill all the larvae and pupae that have not yet had time to develop, and then they themselves die.

Hornets are large wasps that sting very painfully. They make their nest in tree hollows. The building material for the nest is not wood, but the bark of young birch branches. The larvae are fed on insects, including honey bees.

Bees. The honey bee is one of the few insect species that humans have domesticated (Fig. 70). A bee family consists of a queen (queen), workers (underdeveloped females who, unlike wasps, are not capable of reproduction) and male drones. After mating, the drones are not allowed into the hives, so they die or are killed by worker bees. Bee larvae develop in wax cells, from which the bees build special rows - honeycombs.

Did you know that to produce 1 kg of honey, a bee brings 150,000 portions of nectar from 100,000,000 flowers to the hive, covering a distance of up to 300,000 km? This is enough to go around 5 times globe along the equator.

Young worker bees perform a variety of work: they clean the cells of the honeycombs, feed the larvae, the queen, build the honeycombs, and then begin to collect pollen and nectar from flowers.

Bees move to new places in families, called swarms and consisting of a queen and workers.

Bees are very beneficial insects. Firstly, they provide honey - a tasty and nutritious product. Secondly, wax is obtained from honeycombs, which is used for the manufacture of varnishes and paints, as well as in the electrical industry. Thirdly, these insects produce bee glue, or propolis, which has an antimicrobial effect and promotes wound healing. Propolis contains resinous substances, wax, pollen, etc. Bees use propolis to seal cracks in the walls of hives, and humans use it in medicine. However, the most important thing is that bees pollinate plants.

Bumblebees are, essentially, big bees. They lead a social lifestyle. They make their nests in secluded places. Early spring single females fly low above the ground, looking for a place to found a new family - a crack or some kind of hole in the ground. The bumblebee's nest is spherical and consists of several cells. Larvae develop in one cell, while the others contain honey reserves. The development of larvae lasts 20-30 days. The pupae produce worker specimens that are significantly smaller in size than the queen. After the death of the queen, the workers are able to reproduce.

Bumblebees are one of the most vulnerable groups of insects. In many European countries, there is a large fine for catching just one bumblebee. However, despite conservation measures, many species of these beneficial hairy insects that resemble teddy bears have almost disappeared. Of the 38 species of bumblebees living in our country, 10 species require special protection.

Did you know that in the world of insects there are “cuckoo” bumblebees that lay eggs in the empty cells of the nests of other types of bumblebees? Since all bumblebees are very similar, the nest owners treat the larvae that emerged from other people’s eggs as if they were their own.

Termites relate to insects with incomplete metamorphosis. In terms of their lifestyle and features of their external structure, they are similar to ants; they are often called “white ants”. Termites live in numerous families in soil or wood and almost never appear on the surface. They construct huge cone-shaped buildings, similar to anthills, where millions of individuals live. Termite colonies consist of winged males, a queen (queen) and workers. The largest workers become soldiers, they have strong jaws, so their purpose is to guard the nest. The remaining workers provide food for the soldiers and the queen, who are unable to feed themselves. Only males and queens can fly, but after the mating summer the males die, and the fertilized female loses her wings and begins to lay eggs. On the territory of Ukraine, in the steppe zone, only one species of termite lives - photophobic termites.

Social insects form families consisting of males and females who are capable of reproducing, and worker individuals who serve them. This distribution of individuals by function is a special phenomenon in the animal world.

Test yourself. 1. Which insects are called solitary and which are called social? 2. What are distinctive features Hymenoptera insects? 3. Describe life cycle wood wasp family. 4. How does the life of a bee family differ from the life of a wasp family? 5. How is an ant family formed?

Lesson topic : Bees and ants are social insects. Beneficial insects, pest insects.Meaning in nature and human life.

Lesson objectives: reveal the structural features of the honey bee and ant in connection with the social way of life; talk about their role in nature and human life; reveal the diversity of insect pests, their negative role in human practice; outline the importance of insects in nature and human life.

Equipment: insect collection,multimedia projector, presentation, handouts: tables, sheets of paper, markers.

Lesson progress:

I. org. moment (1 min) II. Update background knowledge (10 min) Test work with mutual verification.

Write down the test numbers, against each - the correct answer options

Option 1.

A. Dragonflies B. Orthoptera C. Bugs

1. Two pairs of wings.
2. The larva has a mask.

Option 2.

What features are characteristic of insects from the order

A. Butterflies B. Diptera C. Hymenoptera

1. Development with complete transformation.
2. Development with incomplete transformation.
3. Two pairs of wings.
4. One pair of wings, the second is reduced (haleteres) and serves to stabilize the flight.
5. The first pair of wings are transformed into hard elytra, the second pair are leathery wings.
6. The front wings are denser than the hind wings.
7. The elytra are dense in front and soft in the back; the second pair of wings is used for flight.
8. There are small chitinous scales on the wings.
9. The oral apparatus of adult insects is of the sucking type.
10. Mouthparts of the licking type.
11. The oral apparatus in adult insects is of the piercing-sucking type.
12. In larvae oral apparatus gnawing type.
13. The hind legs of many representatives are of the jumping type.
14. The larva has a mask.

Option 1. A: 2,3,14; B: 2, 3,7,12,13; B: 2,6,11

Option 2. A: 1,3,8,9,12 B: 1,4,10,11 C: 1,3

III. Activation of cognitive activity. (2 min)

Most insects lead a solitary lifestyle, but there are insects that live in large groups. What kind of insects are these? (bees, ants, termites) Such insects are called social and they live in families.

IV. learning new material(25min)

Teacher's story.

Which of these insects do you think have long become human pets? (bees)

Where do bees live? (hive)

Honey and wax, together with furs, were considered the main items of trade among our Slavic ancestors. Honey was used instead of sugar, and wax was used in candles. In those days there were no apiaries yet, and people provided hollows of forest trees for bees - “bortni” - beekeeping. At the same time, the hives were often ruined.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Ukrainian landowner Pyotr Ivanovich Prokopovich first used the collapsible frame hive he invented, which is still in use today.

Let's look at what the bee family is.

Student message.Composition of a bee family. (presentation)

As the story progresses, students fill out the table.

Students independently fill out the table for the ant family section, using the textbook pp. 135-136.

Table. Composition of ant and bee families:

Bee family		Ant family
Family member	Features, role	Family member	Features, role
Uterus	The main bee is larger in size than the other bees and lays eggs.	Uterus (queen)	Wingless female, breaks off wings after mating flight. The role is to lay eggs.
Drone	Male. The role is to fertilize females. After fertilization, the males are expelled from the hive and die.	Male	Winged individuals. The role is to fertilize females. After mating, the males die.
Worker bees	Infertile females, the ovipositor is modified into a stinger. Role: clean the hive, collect nectar, care for the queen and larvae, protect the hive from enemies.	Worker ant	Infertile females that do not have wings. The role is to clean the anthill, collect food, care for the queen and larvae, and protect the anthill from enemies.

While completing the task, the teacher makes sure that the whole class is involved in the work, approaches the students, monitors the progress of the task, and makes corrections if necessary.

After completing the task, the teacher asks questions to the class:

• Did everyone complete the task?
• What difficulties arose when completing the task, what was not clear?

Bees and ants communicate with each other through touch and secretions. But only bees have a “dance language.” Video fragment.

What do you think? challenging behavior Can you call it reasonable? (No)

Their behavior is instinctive, unconscious.

Writing in a notebook. Instinct- a set of innate aspects of behavior, fixed hereditarily and characteristic of a certain species of animal.

In addition to beneficial insects, there are also pests of cultivated plants and carriers of human diseases.

The study of the material occurs in the process of conversation. Students work with handouts: tables, insects.

Exercise : determine which order your insect belongs to and what harm it causes to crop plants. Response Plan:

1. Squad name.

2. Name of the insect.

3. Signs of the squad.

4. Meaning.

Negative meaning of insects for humans

Representatives	Meaning, examples
Orthoptera	Asian locustdestroys crops over large areas
Aphids	Inhibits plant development, can carry viral diseases plants
Bedbugs	Harmful turtlesucks out the contents of unripe grains. bed bug is a carrier of diseases and causes concern
Beetles	Beet weevil larvaefeed on beet rootsColorado potato beetle and its larvaereduce potato yield.Larvae of the weevil - apple blossom beetle– destroy the ovaries of apple trees.Larvae of bark beetles and longhorn beetles– tree pests
Butterflies	Cabbage white caterpillarsdamage cabbage leaves;codling moth– spoil the fruits of apple trees;gypsy moth– harm plants in gardens and forests.Pine silkworm caterpillars harm pine; clothes moth – spoil wool products
Hymenoptera	Sawfly larvaeeat tree needles; horntails – feed on wood, damaging trees
Diptera
Cockroaches	Black cockroaches and Prussians They contaminate food with excrement and can transmit pathogens and worm eggs. Sometimes their secretions cause allergies
Lice	Carriers of typhus and relapsing fever
Fleas	Carriers of plague, tularemia, typhus

Students write down their answers in their notebooks. Several students are interviewed. Grades are given.

Additionally . What methods can be used to control pests?

During the conversation, it turns out that the proposed options can be divided into four groups:

Methods of human control against insects that harm him

Methods	Examples
Physical	Collecting caterpillars or insect eggs: catching the malaria mosquito with various traps, destroying its larvae with kerosene, which is poured over the surface of the reservoir
Chemical	Treating plants with pesticides, larval breeding sites with bleach, and cockroaches with various poisons
Agrotechnical	Change of crops - crop rotation; timely sowing and planting of plants; thorough cleaning of fields, destruction of weeds that serve as breeding grounds for insects
Biological

V. Fixing the material.(4 min)

What insects did we meet today?

What characteristics are found in families?

What insects harm agricultural plants? Describe the life activity of some of them.

VI. Reflection. (1min) Draw your mood as a smiley face.

VII. D\Z Repeat topics in the arthropods section. Preparation for the test.

Application. The queen bee is the largest bee in the hive, 18-20 mm. It has a long abdomen with an ovipositor designed for constant laying of eggs. Cannot feed on his own. She is fed by worker bees with crop milk. There is always only one in the family. The uterus develops from fertilized eggs. Lives up to 5 years. When another queen appears, the old one flies away with some of the bees. This process is called swarming.

Drones are males, with long wings and large eyes. They develop from unfertilized eggs. Their task is to fertilize the uterus. They live for one season. In the fall they die, they are stung by worker bees or simply driven out of the hive.

Worker bees are sterile females. Workers provide the livelihoods of the whole family (collect food, care for the larvae, feed them, clean the hive, build honeycombs, and prepare honey). To perform these functions they have a whole series devices:

• Oral apparatus;
• Body covered with villi;
• Honey goiter;
• The sting is a modified ovipositor;
• Hind limbs with baskets and brushes.

Target: reveal the structural features of the honey bee in connection with the social way of life, its role in nature and in human life.

Lesson type: a lesson in analytical thinking.

Lesson progress

group work

I. Motivational talk

(the lesson begins by asking the children questions about the family):

• What can you say about your family?
• How can you describe your family in one word?
• Why is your family the friendliest?

Family - seven selves, all together. Even though we study insects, family relationships is among them. These insects include bees and ants. Today we will talk about bees.

II . Intrigue

In the entire history of mankind, there is no more studied and, at the same time, more mysterious insect than the bee. Why? You will learn about this at the end of the lesson.

III. Memory

Work in groups:

Group 1: Development with complete transformation
Group 2: Development with incomplete transformation
Group 3: What are the similarities and differences between the 2 types of transformation. What is the advantage of development with complete transformation.

IV. Learning new material (return to intrigue)

Bees are social insects. The community is a big family. They share food with each other and look after each other.
The uterus has a long body and an elongated abdomen. Drones are medium-sized with large eyes. Worker bees have devices for collecting pollen (brush, basket, mirror)
There are 100 thousand worker bees in a family; they clean the hive, collect nectar, care for the queen and larvae, and protect the hive from enemies. In a bee family, the main bee is the queen bee, who lays up to 2000 eggs per day. She lives for about five years. Drones do not take any part in the work. The main task is fertilization of the uterus. In the fall, worker bees expel the drones from the hive and they die. All care of the hive lies with the worker bees6. Growing up, each worker bee changes several “professions”. She builds honeycombs, cleans the cells, feeds the larvae, takes food from arriving bees and distributes it in the hive, ventilates the hive, guards it and finally begins to fly out of the hive for nectar. Bees communicate with each other through touch and secretions. Bees have a “dance language.” The complex behavior of social insects is instinct.
Bees build honeycombs. They crawl on flowers and pollen gets on the hairs of the insect's body. Then the bee cleans the pollen into the basket with help. Special brushes. Soon a ball of pollen will form there. Bee bread is pollen soaked in honey. Bees have an enlarged goiter - a honey goiter. Honey is formed there. A bee colony receives 100 kg of honey per year. (presentation)

V. Effective consolidation

Group 1: fill out the table:

Group 2: What are the similarities between a queen bee, a drone and a worker bee?

Group 3: What products do bees provide? How they are formed.

Tasks for all groups:

Explain the terms: queen, drone, mirror, honeycomb, basket, goiter, beebread, swarming, instinct, “language of bees.”

Explain the statements:

If bees die out on earth, humanity will have 4 years left to live.
Albert Einstein

Bees can tell their comrades where flowers with sweet nectar are located.
Aristotle

Drink comes from the bellies of bees different colors, which brings healing to people. Indeed, in this is a sign for a people who reflect.
Koran

VI. Unraveling the intrigue

In the entire history of mankind, there is no more studied and, at the same time, more mysterious insect than the bee. Moreover, it can be argued that man owes his origin to a large extent to the bee. After all, it was she who, over millions of years, tirelessly pollinating plants, developed and improved flora planets, and with it the animal world.

For many millennia it has lived next to humans, but nothing and no one can tame it. At the same time, it is the bee, which has a terrible weapon against enemies, that allows a person to unceremoniously invade his home and make any (within reason) changes and rearrangements in it, and once a year take away what is vital - his food.

VII. Homework assignment

Paragraph 28. Type arthropods, preparation for test work.