What's the worst thing in life? -What is sin? Be a perfectionist and maintain total control
Lyudmila Grudinskaya is an Orthodox psychologist and catechist from the Tver region. In the Transfiguration Cathedral in the city of Kimry, she helps adults understand the basics of Orthodox doctrine. Why is there no “God in the soul”? What is the difference between guilt and repentance? How to survive grief and fear? Lyudmila Kazimirovna spoke about this in a conversation with a TD correspondent.
Zemfira had a conversation with Vladimir Pozner in his program on Channel One. He asked her what she would say when she found herself before the Almighty. She replied: “That he is unfair.”
Of course it's unfair! She's absolutely right. God is not just - God is merciful. He is love. If He had been just, this world probably would not have existed long ago.
- Why is everything wrong? Why is there suffering and injustice in the world?
Because we live without God. God does not force our will. Our parents, when they love us, do not rape us. If you want to see life, go. If you try to hold on, nothing good will come of it.
- What can be done to fix everything? How can we reduce suffering?
Accept the fact that m
We are all people, and think less about ourselves. We believe that we can live without God, regardless of whether we are believers or not. We have a lot of plans, but it rarely occurs to us that everything is possible only if God helps.
- What is faith?
When a person walks in the presence of God and understands that he cannot live without Him. A person must feel the experience of communicating with God. To do this, you just need to start praying, even without faith. Any person can tell God what he thinks.
- Many people say that they don’t go to church because God is “in their soul.”
Imagine you have a call mobile phone, and you were told some good news. Can you hide it if the news is very good? Your eyes will immediately light up! As they say? The man glows with happiness. So this very small piece of happiness fell, a splinter. And if there was God in the soul, the source of happiness, what would be there? God would not have created the sun at all. We would shine for the world.
- Why then do we Christians, who should be joyful, often walk around gloomy like clouds?
One of the signs that we have the image of God is a person’s desire for perfection. We want to be good, but can we really do it? When we have a desire to do good deeds, we think that we have God in our soul. In fact, it was God who laid his image in our nature, but we do not have God in our souls.
The first people lived with God in their souls, heard the voice of God within themselves. We hear our inner speech, our thinking process, our internal dialogue. How, for example, can we understand that we are awake? When we start talking to ourselves. This is how people heard the voice of God within themselves.
- What is conscience?
The voice of God, so they say. But if it were the voice of God, it would break through all barriers. Maybe an echo that we can drown out? I think this is something at the level of feelings and sensations. But this is not a feeling of guilt, by no means.
Psychologists distinguish feelings of guilt from feelings of repentance. Feelings of guilt arise when a person believes that he has some advantages or dignity over other people. He begins to look for something outside that prevented him from doing the right thing. This is a psychological attempt to change the past - “psychological chewing gum.” The past cannot be changed. This can cause a person to become depressed, various kinds dependencies.
If a person accepts himself as he is, sees himself without embellishment, without rose-colored glasses, then a feeling of repentance arises in the person, and not necessarily religious. He understands that what he did was his personal mistake, he does not look for other reasons and circumstances, and does not constantly try to mentally replay the situation according to a different scenario. Therefore, the feeling of repentance arises from humility - from great wisdom and inner strength, the ability to look at oneself without embellishment.
- How to distinguish good from evil?
Evil has no essence, evil is the absence of good, just as darkness is the absence of light. A person often cannot distinguish what is good and evil, but he can distinguish what he likes and what he does not like. A small child is unlikely to consider it good that his mother takes him to the clinic or gives him injections herself when he gets sick. I think he thinks it's evil because he doesn't like it. But if she does not do this, the consequences will be dire. God does not use these categories. He does what is good for us. Whether we like it or not is another matter.
- What is sin?
Sin is a disease. Sin is a disease of both soul and body, drug addiction, for example. In a word, sin is harm either to the psyche, or to the body, or to other people. This is by no means a fault.
-What are people afraid of?
All people are afraid of death. Pain, and not only physical. And to be specific, each to his own: some - mice, some - frogs, some - water. I have aerophobia. The most amazing thing is that my father was a navigator in the army, and my mother dreamed of being a pilot all her life, she flew on all types of aircraft. And I have aerophobia! I've never flown in my life. I will risk doing this when there is no one behind me. On the other hand, I understand that all my fears are a lack of trust in God.
- Why do we do everything the other way around?
I didn’t believe before that people were basically stupid. I was taught that we are smart and wise, that we know everything. I had an aversion to stupidity. But the longer I live, the more clearly I understand that the human mind is darkened. We really are bad. We do not do what is useful to us, we do what is harmful to us.
- How can youAvoid feeling guilty and not consider yourself bad?
We must know the feeling of repentance and have the experience of “being bad.” Why did Adam not immediately repent? Because he had no experience of being bad. That's why it's so important to a small child give this experience. A child has small sins, they are easier to correct, but he must know that being bad is unpleasant, so that he does not want to repeat it when he grows up. He must gain this experience in order to understand that he is a man, that he is not God. And I say: it’s good that priests are not saints. If he is all righteous, then how do we approach him? How can he help if he doesn't know how to be bad? And if he has had the experience of being bad, then he can say: “I also sinned in the same way, I also know what it is, the way out is this.”
- We often consider ourselves victims of circumstances. We say: “I could not do otherwise.” Is this self-justification?
This is a manifestation of guilt. A psychologist, when diagnosing a person in severe depression, asks him: “Where do you spatially see your future?” If a person says it's ahead, that's fine. But if a person says that his future is behind him, then this is already serious depression, and a psychotherapist, not a psychologist, is required. This often occurs when a person mentally replays the past, and it does not let him go.
- And yet, how not to start making excuses and shifting the blame to circumstances?
It is impossible to shift repentance. Guilt is possible, but repentance is not. When a person accepts himself, he does not look for someone to blame. Then he begins to replay his actions and begins to mentally analyze the future. This is a way out of depression - not trying to change the past, but mentally going into the future.
- Tell us a little about your faith. Have you had a mystical experience after which you knew for sure that God exists?
When I was four years old, we lived in the city of Mariinsk. I was born there, it's in Kemerovo region, in Siberia. There was no temple there. On the day of Epiphany, my believing grandmother came to us. She wanted to get holy water and complained that we did not have a temple. Then she sat down in a corner, took a bowl, poured water and began to read prayers, crossing the water, and I played on the side, running. And then she calls me: “Luda, come here quickly!” I run up to it, and suddenly I see: ordinary water from the well glistens, as if liquid silver had been spilled on it, and a glow comes from every piece of silver. Then, when I looked at the water, each piece of silver went out one by one. I have never seen such an effect even in a temple during the blessing of water. After this, not a single person on earth will ever be able to prove to me that there is no God. I believe my eyes.
- And how did you come to faith?
I have believing parents, my father was a Catholic by baptism, although he lived according to Orthodox traditions, but there were no atheists in my family. When I went to school, I already knew all the basic prayers. At the age of 13, there was a youthful departure from faith: we were told that religion was humiliating. But one day, while my grandmother was reading the Holy Scriptures, someone called her outside. The book remained open, I looked into it out of curiosity, and the first phrase that caught my eye was: “There is no greater love than the one who lays down his life for his friends.” After that, I realized that if this humiliates us, then I don’t understand something in this life.
- Do you definitely consider yourself Orthodox?
Definitely.
- And why?
Because that’s exactly what I believe in, in Orthodox dogmas. I cannot believe in absurdity and I always say that Orthodoxy can be super-logical, but it cannot be illogical. But isn’t it absurd when we say that God expelled people from paradise, making a vow that He would one day return them there?
Let's imagine this picture: a dad told two kids not to do something, but the forbidden fruit is sweet and the kids got into trouble. He takes them by the collar, throws them out into the street and says: “Someday, when you realize that you did something bad, I will take you home.” At the same time, all the neighbors are amazed at how smart dad is, how kind he is and how much he loves his children!
Everyone draws such an analogy in their subconscious when they say: “I don’t believe in your fairy tales!” But this is not what Orthodoxy is about.
It says that we ourselves have expelled paradise, as our internal state, from our soul. When a person decided that he could not only live on his own, without God, but also become God, the internal connection with God that existed was severed. There was no God in my soul. And since there is no source of happiness in the soul, then there is no heaven there. And this is our choice, God still gives it to us.
I see contradictions in other faiths. I see them and say: “I can’t believe this, because it’s absurd.”
It turns out that if you see a person of a different faith, you think that he believes in absurdity? You won't communicate with him?
Don't we have other topics to talk about? Nothing in common? I must know the faith of another person in order to discuss with him; his faith, too, may have its own logic. I liked how Alexey Ilyich Osipov personally told me about this: “When we talk about faith, we talk about faith, when we talk about people, we talk about people.”
But if we have something in common, then who knows what? Differences in religious doctrine are not a reason to quarrel and not communicate.
And I don’t argue with atheists. I most often say that if a person is reasonable and I see that his intellect is preserved, then he is most likely not an atheist, we just have different concepts about God. Or, if he really is an atheist, then this is only for now, temporary.
- What inspires you? What helps you get through difficulties in life?
Faith helps. I always say: Orthodoxy is a faith of joy, a faith of happiness. Everything in this world is temporary. There is only one thing left to do - to be happy with what you have, because it is still for the better. The older a person is, the faster his years go by. There is not much left, and by the standards of eternity, nothing at all. And then a meeting with those we loved, a meeting with God.
- What is the worst thing in life?
The worst thing in life is feeling sorry for yourself. It will spread right away, worse than butter on bread. The second thing that’s scary is when you want to help and you can’t.
- Even believers cry at funerals. Do they feel sorry for themselves?
When we see that a person accepts what God sends him, we do not say that he should rejoice when trouble happens! This is the highest level of holiness that few in the world claim. This is not about us. We must grieve for the departed to a loved one. Before two years of age, a person must go through this condition, overcome it, survive it. If a person is in pain, he should behave accordingly. He must cry. This is fine.
- Sometimes you want it to be all the same.
It's a scary state when it doesn't matter. It’s even worse when someone comes and says: yes, everything is for the best, but you don’t believe in the will of God, but you are crying, but you should rejoice. In no case! I myself did such stupid things when I understood little in life.
God showed me this when I was feeling very bad myself, and my friend came and started saying these “memorized” phrases. I said: “Katya, I understand everything, but now this is not what I need to hear.”
If a person tries to perform any super-feats, then most often he turns to alcohol or drugs in order to switch off and forget. And he must experience his grief calmly and normally. No one should judge him for this.
- What ethical principles do you follow?
Two rules: try not to hurt vulnerable people. You can see them, they are most often ambitious. But I can be rude in my manners and can touch a nerve.
The second is what my friend, godfather, and wonderful teacher once told me. She said that if you do good to a person, then never tell him about it in your life. If you say even once that you have done a lot for him, no one will help him. This is the same when parents tell their children that they are sacrificing their lives for them.
- What do you do that is most meaningful to you in life?
My catechetical work. I would also like to sew toys. I sew, but now it rarely works out. I take pictures of them and then give them to my friends.
- What books influenced your worldview?
Chingiz Aitmatov - “The Scaffold”. Few people like her; many people find her difficult. In his youth - “The Master and Margarita” by Bulgakov, and from Orthodox literature - the master’s thesis of Patriarch Sergius (Stragorodsky) “Orthodox Doctrine of Salvation.” This is a book after which a lot of things fall into place in your head.
Photo by Irina Vasilyeva
Lyudmila Grudinskaya is an Orthodox psychologist and catechist from the Tver region. In the Transfiguration Cathedral in the city of Kimry, she helps adults understand the basics of Orthodox doctrine. Why is there no “God in the soul”? What is the difference between guilt and repentance? How to survive grief and fear? Lyudmila Kazimirovna spoke about this in a conversation with a TD correspondent.— Zemfira had a conversation with Vladimir Pozner in his program on Channel One. He asked her what she would say when she found herself before the Almighty. She replied: “That he is unfair.”
- Of course it’s unfair! She's absolutely right. God is not just - God is merciful. He is love. If He had been just, this world probably would not have existed long ago.
- Why is everything wrong? Why is there suffering and injustice in the world?
- Because we live without God. God does not force our will. Our parents, when they love us, do not rape us. If you want to see life, go. If you try to hold on, nothing good will come of it.
- What can be done to fix everything? How can we reduce suffering?
— Accept the fact that we are all human and think less about ourselves. We believe that we can live without God, regardless of whether we are believers or not. We have a lot of plans, but it rarely occurs to us that everything is possible only if God helps.
-What is faith?
— When a person walks in the presence of God and understands that he cannot live without Him. A person must feel the experience of communicating with God. To do this, you just need to start praying, even without faith. Any person can tell God what he thinks.
— Many people say that they don’t go to church because God is “in their soul.”
— Imagine that your mobile phone is ringing and you are told some good news. Can you hide it if the news is very good? Your eyes will immediately light up! As they say? The man glows with happiness. So this very small piece of happiness fell, a splinter. And if there was God in the soul, the source of happiness, what would be there? God would not have created the sun at all. We would shine for the world.
- Why then do we Christians, who should be joyful, often walk around gloomy as clouds?
— One of the signs that we have the image of God is a person’s desire for perfection. We want to be good, but can we really do it? When we have a desire to do good deeds, we think that we have God in our soul. In fact, it was God who laid his image in our nature, but we do not have God in our souls.
The first people lived with God in their souls, heard the voice of God within themselves. We hear our inner speech, our thinking process, our internal dialogue. How, for example, can we understand that we are awake? When we start talking to ourselves. This is how people heard the voice of God within themselves.
-What is conscience?
- The voice of God, so they say. But if it were the voice of God, it would break through all barriers. Maybe an echo that we can drown out? I think this is something at the level of feelings and sensations. But this is not a feeling of guilt, by no means.
Psychologists distinguish feelings of guilt from feelings of repentance. Feelings of guilt arise when a person believes that he has some advantages or dignity over other people. He begins to look for something outside that prevented him from doing the right thing. This is a psychological attempt to change the past - “psychological chewing gum.” The past cannot be changed. Because of this, a person can fall into depression and various types of addiction.
If a person accepts himself as he is, sees himself without embellishment, without rose-colored glasses, then a feeling of repentance arises in the person, and not necessarily religious. He understands that what he did was his personal mistake, he does not look for other reasons and circumstances, and does not constantly try to mentally replay the situation according to a different scenario. Therefore, the feeling of repentance arises from humility - from great wisdom and inner strength, the ability to look at oneself without embellishment.
- How to distinguish good from evil?
- Evil has no essence, evil is the absence of good, just as darkness is the absence of light. A person often cannot distinguish what is good and evil, but he can distinguish what he likes and what he does not like. A small child is unlikely to consider it good that his mother takes him to the clinic or gives him injections herself when he gets sick. I think he thinks it's evil because he doesn't like it. But if she does not do this, the consequences will be dire. God does not use these categories. He does what is good for us. Whether we like it or not is another matter.
-What is sin?
— Sin is a disease. Sin is a disease of both soul and body, drug addiction, for example. In a word, sin is harm either to the psyche, or to the body, or to other people. This is by no means a fault.
-What are people afraid of?
- All people are afraid of death. Pain, and not only physical. And to be specific, each to his own: some - mice, some - frogs, some - water. I have aerophobia. The most amazing thing is that my father was a navigator in the army, and my mother dreamed of being a pilot all her life, she flew on all types of aircraft. And I have aerophobia! I've never flown in my life. I will risk doing this when there is no one behind me. On the other hand, I understand that all my fears are a lack of trust in God.
- Why do we do everything the other way around?
“I didn’t believe before that people were stupid in principle.” I was taught that we are smart and wise, that we know everything. I had an aversion to stupidity. But the longer I live, the more clearly I understand that the human mind is darkened. We really are bad. We do not do what is useful to us, we do what is harmful to us.
— How can you get rid of guilt and not consider yourself bad?
— We must know the feeling of repentance and have the experience of “being bad.” Why did Adam not immediately repent? Because he had no experience of being bad. That is why it is so important to give this experience to a small child. A child has small sins, they are easier to correct, but he must know that being bad is unpleasant, so that he does not want to repeat it when he grows up. He must gain this experience in order to understand that he is a man, that he is not God. And I say: it’s good that priests are not saints. If he is all righteous, then how do we approach him? How can he help if he doesn't know how to be bad? And if he has had the experience of being bad, then he can say: “I also sinned in the same way, I also know what it is, the way out is this.”
— We often consider ourselves victims of circumstances. We say: “I could not do otherwise.” Is this self-justification?
- This is a manifestation of guilt. A psychologist, when diagnosing a person with severe depression, asks him: “Where do you spatially see your future?” If a person says it's ahead, that's fine. But if a person says that his future is behind him, then this is already serious depression, and a psychotherapist, not a psychologist, is required. This often occurs when a person mentally replays the past, and it does not let him go.
- And yet, how not to start making excuses and shifting the blame to circumstances?
— It is impossible to shift repentance. Guilt is possible, but repentance is not. When a person accepts himself, he does not look for someone to blame. Then he begins to replay his actions and begins to mentally analyze the future. This is a way out of depression - not trying to change the past, but mentally going into the future.
— Tell us a little about your faith. Have you had a mystical experience after which you knew for sure that God exists?
— When I was four years old, we lived in the city of Mariinsk. I was born there, in the Kemerovo region, in Siberia. There was no temple there. On the day of Epiphany, my believing grandmother came to us. She wanted to get holy water and complained that we did not have a temple. Then she sat down in a corner, took a bowl, poured water and began to read prayers, crossing the water, and I played on the side, running. And then she calls me: “Luda, come here quickly!” I run up to it, and suddenly I see: ordinary water from the well glistens, as if liquid silver had been spilled on it, and a glow comes from every piece of silver. Then, when I looked at the water, each piece of silver went out one by one. I have never seen such an effect even in a temple during the blessing of water. After this, not a single person on earth will ever be able to prove to me that there is no God. I believe my eyes.
—And how did you come to faith?
— I have believing parents, my father was a Catholic by baptism, although he lived according to Orthodox traditions, but there were no atheists in my family. When I went to school, I already knew all the basic prayers. At the age of 13, there was a youthful departure from faith: we were told that religion was humiliating. But one day, while my grandmother was reading the Holy Scriptures, someone called her outside. The book remained open, I looked into it out of curiosity, and the first phrase that caught my eye was: “There is no greater love than the one who lays down his life for his friends.” After that, I realized that if this humiliates us, then I don’t understand something in this life.
— Do you definitely consider yourself Orthodox?
- Definitely.
- And why?
— Because that’s exactly what I believe in, in Orthodox dogmas. I cannot believe in absurdity and I always say that Orthodoxy can be super-logical, but it cannot be illogical. But isn’t it absurd when we say that God expelled people from paradise, making a vow that He would one day return them there?
Let's imagine this picture: a dad told two kids not to do something, but the forbidden fruit is sweet and the kids got into trouble. He takes them by the collar, throws them out into the street and says: “Someday, when you realize that you did something bad, I will take you home.” At the same time, all the neighbors are amazed at how smart dad is, how kind he is and how much he loves his children!
Everyone draws such an analogy in their subconscious when they say: “I don’t believe in your fairy tales!” But this is not what Orthodoxy is about.
It says that we ourselves have expelled paradise, as our internal state, from our soul. When a person decided that he could not only live on his own, without God, but also become God, the internal connection with God that existed was severed. There was no God in my soul. And since there is no source of happiness in the soul, then there is no heaven there. And this is our choice, God still gives it to us.
I see contradictions in other faiths. I see them and say: “I can’t believe this, because it’s absurd.”
— It turns out that if you see a person of a different faith, you think that he believes in absurdity? You won't communicate with him?
- Don’t we have other topics to talk about? Nothing in common? I must know the faith of another person in order to discuss with him; his faith, too, may have its own logic. I liked how Alexey Ilyich Osipov personally told me about this: “When we talk about faith, we talk about faith, when we talk about people, we talk about people.”
But if we have something in common, then who knows what? Differences in religious doctrine are not a reason to quarrel and not communicate.
And I don’t argue with atheists. I most often say that if a person is reasonable and I see that his intellect is preserved, then he is most likely not an atheist, we just have different concepts about God. Or, if he really is an atheist, then this is only for now, temporary.
— What inspires you? What helps you get through difficulties in life?
— Faith helps. I always say: Orthodoxy is a faith of joy, a faith of happiness. Everything in this world is temporary. There is only one thing left to do - to be happy with what you have, because it is still for the better. The older a person is, the faster his years go by. There is not much left, and by the standards of eternity, nothing at all. And then a meeting with those we loved, a meeting with God.
-What is the worst thing in life?
— The worst thing in life is feeling sorry for yourself. It will spread right away, worse than butter on bread. The second thing that’s scary is when you want to help and you can’t.
“Even believers cry at funerals.” Do they feel sorry for themselves?
- When we see that a person accepts what God sends him, we do not say that he should rejoice when trouble happens! This is the highest level of holiness that few in the world claim. This is not about us. We must grieve for a loved one who has passed away. Before two years of age, a person must go through this condition, overcome it, survive it. If a person is in pain, he should behave accordingly. He must cry. This is fine.
“Sometimes you want it to be all the same.”
“It’s a terrible state when it’s all the same.” It’s even worse when someone comes and says: yes, everything is for the best, but you don’t believe in the will of God, but you are crying, but you should rejoice. In no case! I myself did such stupid things when I understood little in life.
God showed me this when I was feeling very bad myself, and my friend came and started saying these “memorized” phrases. I said: “Katya, I understand everything, but now this is not what I need to hear.”
If a person tries to perform any super-feats, then most often he turns to alcohol or drugs in order to switch off and forget. And he must experience his grief calmly and normally. No one should judge him for this.
— What ethical principles do you follow?
— Two rules: try not to hurt vulnerable people. You can see them, they are most often ambitious. But I can be rude in my manners and can touch a nerve.
The second is what my friend, godfather, and wonderful teacher once told me. She said that if you do good to a person, then never tell him about it in your life. If you say even once that you have done a lot for him, no one will help him. This is the same when parents tell their children that they are sacrificing their lives for them.
— What do you do that is most meaningful to you in life?
— My catechist work. I would also like to sew toys. I sew, but now it rarely works out. I take pictures of them and then give them to my friends.
— What books influenced your worldview?
— Chingiz Aitmatov — “The Scaffold.” Few people like her; many people find her difficult. In his youth - “The Master and Margarita” by Bulgakov, and from Orthodox literature - the master’s thesis of Patriarch Sergius (Stragorodsky) “Orthodox Doctrine of Salvation.” This is a book after which a lot of things fall into place in your head.
Photo by Irina Vasilyeva
- Do you know what is the worst thing in life?
- Don't have time..
What's the point of saying that a person is not worthy of you? that he’s bad... It’s with you that he’s like that and wants to be like that for you... But with me, for example, he’s different... Because... people are different... With different people they are different.
Love Mom while she laughs and her eyes glow with warmth.
And her voice pours into your soul like holy water, pure as a tear.Love Mom - after all, she is the only one in the world who loves you and is constantly waiting for you.
She will always greet you with a kind smile, She alone will forgive you and understand.
What difference does it make whether there is female friendship, male friendship or friendship between a man and a woman? It happens,
that there is nothing without a person. And it doesn’t matter what gender or height you are. Closeness of souls, that's what happens. The rest doesn't matter.
Everyone should know these people.
Manage to love one so much that you can pass by a thousand better ones and not look back...
- Maybe it’s not necessary, Shurik?
- You must Fedya, you must!Film "Operation Y and other adventures of Shurik"
“Life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans.”
John Lennon
Despite everything
10 brilliant sayings of Albert Camus!
1. Nobody knows that there are people who make enormous efforts to be normal.
2. Yourself cold winter I learned that there is an invincible summer inside me.
3. He who gives nothing has nothing. The greatest misfortune is not that you are not loved, but that you yourself do not love.
4. An important question that should be resolved “in practice”: is it possible to be happy and alone?
5. Only those who have pocket money are rich.
6. Boredom is the result of mechanical life, but it also sets consciousness in motion.
7. Every man dies a stranger.
8. It is free choice that creates personality. To be means to choose yourself.
9. If happiness smiles on people consumed by deep melancholy, they do not know how to hide it: they attack happiness, as if they want to squeeze it in their arms and strangle it out of jealousy.
10. You will never be happy if you keep looking for what happiness is. And you will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life.
The secret of success is simple.
Psychology of behavior
1. People tend to commit immoral acts or not fulfill someone's request for help if it does not require effort or if they do not have to refuse the person outright.
2. However, more people behave "as expected" if they have to make a moral decision in front of someone. Direct requests for help, donations, or signature collections are less often denied. (“Why do people behave badly?”)
3. Half the time, people cheat to get some kind of resource - from something material to attention, respect or higher status.
4. Lying requires a lot of mental effort. A person simultaneously has to hold a lie in his head - in order to tell it, and the truth - in order to hide it. As a result, he says more simple sentences and copes worse with intelligence tasks. (“The evolution and psychology of self-deception”)
5. When people are observed, they behave better. Moreover, the illusion of observation works too. It was enough to hang photographs of eyes in a self-service canteen to larger number people began to clean up their dishes. (“How the illusion of being observed can make you a better person”)
6. Moreover, behavior affects morality (yes, yes). People who have lied, deceived someone, or committed another immoral act, then have a different assessment of what is good and what is bad. (“The science of why we cheat”)
7. The desire to appear moral often leads not to moral behavior, but to more sophisticated ways of justifying immoral actions. (“I read Playboy for the articles: Justifying and rationalizing questionable preferences”)
8. Moral, noble actions (even such as the conscious purchase of goods made without harming nature) often act as an indulgence. After that in conflict situations people act less morally - as if they had already completed their share of good deeds for that day. (“Behind the (leafy) curtain”)
People's perception
9. The personality traits of a stranger can be determined quite accurately from a photograph. Especially if the photo shows a person in a natural pose and setting. At the same time, it is easier and more accurate to determine the personality traits of men. Women's appearance is more subject to social standards. (“Personalities traits could be accurately judged by photo”)
10. An attractive, honest appearance can easily be misleading. People tend to trust appearance more than sincerity. Even professionals considered honest people who lied to be honest 86% of the time. (“Looks can kill – you better judgement”)
11. Appearance plays a huge role even in voting and choosing politicians. Voters judge the competence of politicians based on facial maturity and physical attractiveness. Of course, unconsciously. (“On the faceofit, voting’s superficial”)
12. At the same time, personality traits influence the perception of external attractiveness. After people learned negative information about those they considered beautiful, their opinions changed. (“Personality traits influence perceived attractiveness”)
13. Hierarchy is so important for a person that its understanding is laid down from infancy. Infants understand that stronger individuals defeat weaker ones and express surprise when they see the opposite. (“Babies understand that bigger beasts usually top the pecking order”)
14. More successful and rich people are considered smarter, wiser, etc., and vice versa. And often people tend to think that those who have achieved success and those who have suffered have deserved it. (“Imperfect Chance”, Mlodinow)
Relationships with others
15. People tend to humiliate others when they are not confident in themselves. Subjects who were told they performed poorly on an IQ test expressed more national and religious prejudices than those who were told they scored well.
16. At the same time, people are sincerely confident that their negative opinion of others is sincere and has no connection with their lowered opinion of themselves. Humiliating others helps restore self-esteem. (“The evolution and psychology of self-deception”)
17. It is possible that helping other people is associated with indirect personal interest. Scientists call this "indirect reciprocity." People tend to help those who themselves are considered a “good” person who helps others. Therefore reputation good man– a guarantee of future support. (“Using mathematical stoidentify good guys”)
18. The happier person is not the one who has a lot of money, but the one who has more than his neighbor. Dissatisfaction with big money is partly based on this. People constantly compare themselves with their neighbors. Having become rich, they begin to move in new circles, where people have even more money, and it is not easy to rise above those around them. ("Captive of naive self-interest")
Anger and aggression
19. People with high level testosterone derive pleasure from the anger of others. (“High estosterone people feel rewarded by others’ anger”)
20. Anger increases the desire for possession in people. People put more effort into obtaining an object that they associate with angry faces. Previously, this was considered only a property of positive emotions. (“Anger people makes want things more”)
21. Angry women are perceived as men. The subconscious associations of anger with men and happiness with women are very strong. So strong that they can influence the determination of a person’s gender - of course, only with a quick glance. (“Are angry women more like men?”)
22. A spoonful of sugar reduces aggression. Suppressing aggressive impulses requires self-control, and self-control requires energy. Glucose supplies this energy to the brain. People who drank lemonade with sugar reacted less aggressively to a troublesome stranger after a few minutes than people who drank lemonade with a sugar substitute. (“A spoonful of sugar helps the rage go down”)
Information gathering and decision making
23. People usually look for the information they want and skip the information they don’t want. Of course, it is impossible to predict exactly where you will find what. At the same time, you can choose a source that will most likely contain information that a person is ready to perceive - certain newspapers, authors, etc. (“Thehappinesshypothesis” by Jonathan Heidt).
24. However, people can also accept unwanted information if they feel confident and calm. (“The evolution and psychology of self-deception”).
25. Than more complicated solution, which must be accepted, the more people are inclined to leave everything as it is. (“Exploring the status quo bias in the human brain”).
26. If the store is too big choice and people cannot immediately determine which product is better - they will leave without purchasing. (“Consumers stop buying as number of options increases”).
27. When people feel that they have no control over what is happening, they tend to see non-existent patterns in unrelated pictures and believe in conspiracy theories.
28. Based on this, the percentage of religious people in a country is reliably predicted by the level of security of existence (health care, life support, the opportunity to earn a living, etc.) (“The evolution and psychology of self-deception”).
29. People regret decisions they make quickly, even if they are happy with the results. What is important is not the actual time allotted for the decision. What matters is whether the person feels that there was enough time. (“Quick decisions create great”).
30. But washing your hands significantly reduces doubts about the correctness decision taken. (“Washing Away Postdecisional Dissonance”).
Oddities of our brain
31. People's behavior is influenced by bodily sensations. For example, there is a strong association between the feeling of heaviness and “importance”, “seriousness”, “gravity”. People rated a person as more serious and stable if their resume was submitted in a heavy folder, and vice versa.
32. Likewise, feeling rigid and rigid makes people inflexible. Those sitting on hard chairs were more unyielding in negotiations.
33. The feeling of a rough surface makes people feel difficult in relationships, and cold is closely associated with feelings of loneliness. (Incidental haptic sensations influence social judgments and decisions).
34. Administrative boundaries marked on maps give people a psychological sense of security. If a natural disaster (storm, forest fires, etc.) occurs in another area, much less in another country, people tend to take it less seriously, even if the area is very close. Therefore, when declaring a danger, it is better to talk about the immediate distance to the site of the disaster. (“Borderbias: mapping risk and safety”).
35. The desire to purchase and accumulate material wealth is often a consequence unhappy childhood. (“Consumeris man dits discontents”)
36. Not all risks are perceived equally. The same person can fearlessly jump with a parachute, but be afraid to object to his boss. Or train tigers, but be embarrassed to meet a pretty woman. (“Notallriskis create dequal”).
37. With age healthy people interpret any events more positively. Possibly because older people's weaker immune systems have a harder time coping with the consequences. negative emotions. (“Wisdom comes with age, at least when it comes to emotions”).
38. Primates learn information better if it comes from a female. This may provide an evolutionary advantage, as males often leave the group to find other mates and carry away the skills they have learned, while females with their young remain. Females constitute the social core of the group, which has a higher social status than males, as well as a greater amount of knowledge about food resources in the group’s habitat. (“A dominant female is the best teacher”).
39. Children with a high level of intelligence (IQ) grow up more liberal, with a broad outlook on life, tolerant of any human manifestations. (“Does smart equal liberal?”).
40. Boredom has a bright side. Bored people often look for opportunities to do good deeds because they are tired of entertainment and do not bring meaning to their lives. (“Boredom is good for you”).
Basically, I saw everything terrible from my imagination. And those “mystical” cases were on old apartment ours, somehow it wasn’t very much, apparently, or it was due to the fact that I lived there when I was just a child (up to 8 years old) with a developed imagination. But there the shelves were constantly falling. There I hung out with my imaginary friend Lyosha, I communicated very openly, I think it was quite creepy to watch for my parents. And I still remember how we played with him and threw toys from the balcony, but I don’t remember him.
~The first most memorable nightmare I had was in childhood, I was 6-7 years old. My mother and I walked into a room together in our old apartment, there is a sofa opposite the entrance to the room (that is, you can immediately see it as you enter), an ordinary sofa, quite long with a back. So, we walked in and both started screaming in horror at the same time. By some miracle we saw at the same time some terribly vile devil sitting on the back of the sofa. I don’t know what these joint hallucinations were, but my father still remembers
~The second incident was in the same apartment. My friends and I, like all children, loved to tell each other all sorts of made-up creepy stories. That evening we stood in the entrance; we all lived in the same house, but we stood on my floor because I was the youngest. Then the most relevant story was about the Queen of Spades, how she horribly killed those who called on her and all that. This affected me, of course, globally, and I immediately rushed home, even though I was not far away. I came home, sat and talked with my mother (my father was on a flight at the time), everything was fine. Mom went for a walk with the dog and I was left alone in the apartment, and at some point I was immediately overcome by terrible fear (it’s unclear why, I got it after those stories, apparently) and I crawled under the blanket, leaving a very small gap. Well, I’m sitting under it AND THEN I SEE SOME kind of SILUE (through this crack nothing was visible at all except the outlines, but I was sure that it was red, although queen of spades must be black) PASSES PAST ME. How scared I was then, I thought that the Queen of Spades had come for me. She sat there until her mother returned and, of course, did not tell anyone these nonsense. Even though I was a child, scared shitless, I was roughly aware that this was all my imagination.
~This story was already on new apartment. At first we all slept in one room; mine was being renovated. my bed was positioned so that I slept facing the balcony. There was a TV in front of the balcony, and something else on it. So, I went to bed, tossed and turned for a while, looked out the windows, AND ON THE BALCONY SOME SHADOW OF A MAN WEARING A CAP. I was terribly scared, but I didn’t touch my parents and was even able to fall asleep. In the morning it turned out that this shadow of a man was made of all sorts of things on the TV.
Now the stories are closer to reality:
~ Quite recently I was sitting at the bar in a cafe. I was chatting with a friend who worked there as a bartender, I basically went in just to talk to him, and downstairs there was another establishment, purely a bar, and all my friends were there. The point is that I was sitting alone. The place is decent, there are no rednecks full of shit, but there was some tipsy man, he just talked to everyone, quite friendly, only loudly. In general, he’s sitting, he was with his companion, by the way, behind the bar, he’s not in conflict with anyone, then some man walks by (there’s an exit next to the bar), walks by calmly and HIT THIS DUMB GUY WITH HIS HEAD ON THE BAR COUNTER and leaves . It was a shock, no one knows what was in that guy’s head, he could hit anyone sitting, and from the realization that he could hit me, I was terrified. The victim stood, said something, well, I thought, he applied it, but not much, but then the victim simply fell. His companion screams, cries, asks to call an ambulance, the police, roars over her man. I was sitting at such an angle that I could only hear what was happening, but did not see. I felt so sorry for this woman that I decided to get up and try to calm her down while the ambulance was driving, and then leave, it was scary here and my friends were already waiting for me. I get up and see JUST A SEA OF BLOOD (and it seemed to me with something pink, but I hope it was my imagination), I thought that he had simply lost consciousness, but I didn’t expect to see a woman roaring over him, the picture was terrible. The police arrived before I had recovered from the shock, so I simply ran away quickly to my friends to talk it out. I walked around with glassy eyes for several hours. Everything here is scary, the picture, the situation itself, and the indifference of people, because the one who hit him calmly passed by and the guards didn’t even move, it’s not entirely clear why. Some waitress somehow tried to do something, the rest just passed by indifferently and you immediately think that you will lie there with a broken head for no reason and no one will help. A nightmare. I saw a lot of fighting, but this is completely different.
~My boyfriend did terrible things. Very impulsive and sensitive. And somehow we broke up with him and didn’t communicate at all for six months. But after a pause they made up. He told me how terribly he experienced this time. Well, I came to his house one day, he was looking for something in his bedside table and I accidentally saw a rope there. Well, a long rope, in a package with the ironic name “successful purchase”. So that you understand, he is not interested in anything that would require him to use this rope. Nothing but depression. This was really scary. I took it from him in the end, so that I could be more or less calm if he suddenly didn’t answer the call.
Well, speaking of guys, I was always very scared when guys cried, especially when I saw it for the very first time. I don't know, it's just so unusual that it's scary. So I’ll also add guys’ tears to this list.
~But the most terrible things I have ever seen are related to my parents. This is an epileptic attack in my mother. I think the details are unnecessary here, the attack itself looks scary (especially when you are a child who does not know that your mother is sick), and even more so for a loved one. And watch your father become an alcoholic, get drunk on something cheap and vomit right on the balcony (again, being a child).
