Presentation of oceans and seas off the coast of Eurasia. Oceans and seas off the coast of Eurasia - geography, lessons. Seas and oceans of Eurasia
Theme:"Oceans and seas off the coast of Eurasia "
The purpose of the lesson:
1) To form knowledge about the influence of the oceans on the climate, vegetation, fauna and economy of Eurasia;
2) Develop the ability to work with the map;
3) To cultivate respect for the environment.
Teaching method: verbal
Form of organization: collective
Lesson type: combined
Type of lesson: problem learning
Equipment: Physical map of Eurasia, VVS-8 disk, "Blue Planet", 4 series, 1,2,3,4 episodes (before the northern lights), presentation for the lesson.
During the classes
I.Organizing time.
Greetings. Identification of absentees.
II. Checking homework.
1. Natural features of Eurasia(parts of the world Europe and Asia; ¾ of the world's population - 4 billion people; area with islands 53.3 million km² - 1/3 of the land; Chomolungma; Dead Sea at an altitude of -403 m; the largest Arabian peninsula - 3 million km² ; cold pole Oymyakon (- 71 ° C); in the Thar Desert in India + 53 ° C; Cherrapunji 12000 mm of precipitation; in Arabia less than 15 mm of precipitation; the largest lake is the Caspian 390 thousand km², the deepest is Baikal 1620 m; all climatic zones; all oceans are washed)
2. Geographic location(border between parts of the world; extreme points - Chelyuskin, Piai (between them 8 thousand km), Cape Roca and Dezhnev (16 thousand km); some areas in the western hemisphere; plan for characterizing the mainland on page 239)
3. History of settlement and exploration of the mainland(studies of the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Minoans; in the 1st century AD, the Indians discovered the islands of Sumatra and Java, settled Indonesia, later the Malays - Madagascar; Greeks - the Danube, the Caspian, the Don, the Black Sea)
4. Famous travelers who explored Eurasia (N. M. Przhevalsky 15 years in Central Asia, traveled 33 thousand km, 4 expeditions - Tibet, Gobi, upper reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze, Lake Lop Nor; described a wild horse, a wild camel; collected a collection of minerals, plants; buried in Issyk-Kul; P. P. Semenov- two expeditions to Tien Shan, discovered Khan-Tengri peak; described altitudinal belts, established that the snow line is higher than in the Alps, proved that Chu does not originate from Issyk-Kul; a ridge, a peak and a glacier are named after him; Sh. Ualikhanov in 1856 - 1859 explored Semirechye, Issyk-Kul, Kashgaria; Vasca da Gama in 1498 he found his way to India around Africa; S. Dezhnev in 1648 he passed from the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait to the Pacific Ocean; V. Bering and A. I. Chirikov in the 18th century, the northeastern part of America and the Aleutian Islands were discovered; R. Piri in 1909 he reached the North Pole; Marco Polo in 1271 - 1295 to China, India and Indochina; N. A. Vavilov in 1924 - 1927 he researched the centers of origin of cultivated plants - pp. 12-13)
III.Comprehensive knowledge test.
1. The extreme eastern point of the Eurasian continent is Cape (Chelyuskin)
2. The shell of life is (the biosphere)
3. A conditional line on the plan connecting points with the same absolute height is (horizontal)
4. What are the main gases that air consists of? (78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases)
5. The Himalayan mountains are located on the boundaries of the lithospheric plates (Eurasian and Indo-Australian)
6. Drawing of a small area of the earth's surface, made on a certain scale (plan)
7. The speed of movement of lithospheric plates per year from (1 - 5cm)
8. Average annual rainfall in the desert zone (30 - 200mm)
IV. Preparing to explain a new topic. Write the topic of the lesson on the board and explain the objectives of the lesson.
Problem question: What oceans surround Eurasia? What impact does each of them have on the mainland?
V.Work in groups.(4 people each) with texts, tables, textbook, ICT . (10 minutes)
Study the material of the document, choose the main thing about the cycle of matter, write an essay (10 - 15 sentences)
The result of the work in the group should be the presentation of their topic.
Task 1 group
Atlantic Ocean(North Atlantic Current, westerly winds, mild, wet winters; Dogger Bank the shallowest place in the Atlantic (13 m); from Iceland begins the longest Central Atlantic Ridge - many volcanoes, geysers in Iceland, Hekla volcano; Strait of Gibraltar 12 km wide; at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, the boundary of the collision of lithospheric plates, volcanism, water salinity 37‰; the shallows of the Mediterranean and North Seas are rich in oil and gas; 39% of fish are caught in the Atlantic, in the Bay of Biscay since the 9th century whaling; sea routes; pollution, especially the Mediterranean)
Task 2 group.
Arctic Ocean(the smallest, coldest and shallowest; the largest is the Norwegian Sea, the smallest is the White; many basins and underwater ridges are the Lomonosov Ridge; in the north of the Greenland Sea, the deepest place (5527 m); navigation 2 - 4 months in the eastern part of the ocean; Transarctic current; perennial pack ice and hummocks; arctic cold dry air masses; in winter the temperature in the east is -40°С, in summer 0°С; average annual rainfall 100-200 mm; seals, walruses, polar bears, birds; residents are engaged in fishing, gathering down, hunting; the Northern Sea Route of international importance, connects the ports of Europe and the Far East; nuclear icebreakers; contributed to the study - Bering, Barents, Nansen, Sedov, Schmidt, Papanin; in St. Petersburg Center for the Study of the Polar Zones, museum)
Task 3 group
Pacific Ocean(many island arcs, trenches, basins; the largest - 180 million km²; all climatic zones; monsoons; North trade wind current, Kuroshio, North Pacific current bring heat and moisture; cold Kuril Current; typhoon at the end of summer, beginning of autumn; surface water temperature from -1°С to +29°С; salinity is lower than in other oceans because there is a lot of precipitation)
Task 4 group.
Indian Ocean(many volcanic islands; the Red Sea is at the boundary of the collision of lithospheric plates, its salinity is 41 ‰ - the most saline in the World Ocean; in the coastal part of the water they change their direction - in summer from west to east, in winter - from east to west - due to monsoons; the most warm ocean, the highest temperature in the Persian Gulf (+34°C), in the south -1.5°C; high salinity; coral reefs; pearl collecting; in the Persian Gulf - oil and gas; in the shallows of the Indian Ocean - tin, phosphorites , gold; shipping)
VI. Sharing information in groups(for 3 minutes)
VII. Presentation of completed works.
Summing up, self-assessment and assessment of the teacher, with comments
VIII.Working with contour maps.
Label the outline maps with the name of the oceans and rivers of each basin.
IX. Homework.§ 15, c.c.
Lesson #2
Theme: "Oceans and seas off the coast of Eurasia »
The purpose of the lesson:
1) To form knowledge about the influence of the oceans on the climate, vegetation, fauna and economy of Eurasia;
2) Develop the ability to work with the map;
3) To cultivate respect for the environment.
Teaching method : verbal
Form of organization: collective
Lesson type : combined
Type of lesson: problem learning
Equipment: Physical map of Eurasia, VVS-8 disk, "Blue Planet", 4 series, 1,2,3,4 episodes (before the northern lights), presentation for the lesson.
During the classes
I .Organizing time .
Greetings. Identification of absentees.
II . Checking homework.
1. Natural features of Eurasia(parts of the world Europe and Asia; ¾ of the world's population - 4 billion people; area with islands 53.3 million km² - 1/3 of the land; Chomolungma; Dead Sea at an altitude of -403 m; the largest Arabian Peninsula - 3 million km² ; cold pole Oymyakon (- 71 ° C); in the Thar Desert in India + 53 ° C; Cherrapunji 12000 mm of precipitation; in Arabia less than 15 mm of precipitation; the largest lake is the Caspian 390 thousand km², the deepest is Baikal 1620 m; all climatic zones; all oceans are washed)
2. Geographic location(border between parts of the world; extreme points - Chelyuskin, Piai (between them 8 thousand km), Cape Roca and Dezhnev (16 thousand km); some areas in the western hemisphere; plan for characterizing the mainland on page 239)
3. History of settlement and exploration of the mainland(studies of the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Minoans; in the 1st century AD, the Indians discovered the islands of Sumatra and Java, settled Indonesia, later the Malays - Madagascar; Greeks - the Danube, the Caspian, the Don, the Black Sea)
4. Famous travelers who explored Eurasia (N. M. Przhevalsky 15 years in Central Asia, traveled 33 thousand km, 4 expeditions - Tibet, Gobi, upper reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze, Lake Lop Nor; described a wild horse, a wild camel; collected a collection of minerals, plants; buried in Issyk-Kul; P. P. Semenov - two expeditions to the Tien Shan, discovered Khan-Tengri peak; described altitudinal belts, established that the snow line is higher than in the Alps, proved that Chu does not originate from Issyk-Kul; a ridge, a peak and a glacier are named after him; Sh. Ualikhanov in 1856 - 1859 explored Semirechye, Issyk-Kul, Kashgaria; Vasca da Gama in 1498 he found his way to India around Africa; S. Dezhnev in 1648 he passed from the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait to the Pacific Ocean; V. Bering and A. I. Chirikov in the 18th century, the northeastern part of America and the Aleutian Islands were discovered; R. Piri in 1909 he reached the North Pole; Marco Polo in 1271 - 1295 to China, India and Indochina; N. A. Vavilov in 1924 - 1927 he studied the centers of origin of cultivated plants - pp. 12-13)
III .Comprehensive knowledge test.
1. The extreme eastern point of the Eurasian continent is Cape (Chelyuskin)
2. The shell of life is (the biosphere)
3. A conditional line on the plan connecting points with the same absolute height is (horizontal)
4. What are the main gases that air consists of? (78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases)
5. The Himalayan mountains are located on the boundaries of the lithospheric plates (Eurasian and Indo-Australian)
6. Drawing of a small area of the earth's surface, made on a certain scale (plan)
7. The speed of movement of lithospheric plates per year from (1 - 5cm)
8. Average annual rainfall in the desert zone (30 - 200mm)
IV . Preparing to explain a new topic . Write the topic of the lesson on the board and explain the objectives of the lesson.
Problem question: What oceans surround Eurasia? What impact does each of them have on the mainland?
V .Work in groups. (4 people each) with texts, tables, textbook, ICT. (10 minutes)
Study the material of the document, choose the main thing about the circulation of matter, write an essay (10 - 15 sentences)
The result of the work in the group should be the presentation of their topic.
Task 1 group
Atlantic Ocean(North Atlantic Current, westerly winds, mild, wet winters; Dogger Bank the shallowest place in the Atlantic (13 m); from Iceland the longest starts Central Atlantic Ridge- many volcanoes, geysers in Iceland, Hekla volcano; strait of Gibraltar 12 km wide; at the bottom mediterranean sea collision boundary of lithospheric plates, volcanism, water salinity 37‰; shallows of the Mediterranean and North seas rich in oil and gas; 39% of fish are caught in the Atlantic, in the Bay of Biscay since the 9th century whaling; sea routes; pollution, especially the Mediterranean)
Task 2 group.
Arctic Ocean(the smallest, coldest and shallowest; the largest - norwegian sea, smallest - White; many basins and underwater ridges - the ridge Lomonosov; in the north Greenland Sea the deepest place (5527 m); navigation 2 - 4 months in the eastern part of the ocean; Transarctic Current; perennial pack ice and hummocks ; arctic cold dry air masses; in winter the temperature in the east is -40°С, in summer 0°С; average annual rainfall 100-200 mm; seals, walruses, polar bears, birds; residents are engaged in fishing, gathering down, hunting; the Northern Sea Route of international importance, connects the ports of Europe and the Far East; nuclear icebreakers; contributed to the study - Bering, Barents, Nansen, Sedov, Schmidt, Papanin; in St. Petersburg Center for the Study of the Polar Zones, museum)
Task 3 group
Pacific Ocean(many island arcs, trenches, basins; the largest is 180 million km²; all climatic zones; monsoons; North trade wind current, Kuroshio, North Pacific current bring heat and moisture; cold Kuril flow; typhoon at the end of summer, beginning of autumn; surface water temperature from -1°С to +29°С; salinity is lower than in other oceans because there is a lot of precipitation)
Task 4 group.
Indian Ocean(many volcanic islands; Red the sea at the boundary of the collision of lithospheric plates, its salinity is 41 ‰ - the most saline in the oceans; in the coastal part of the water change their direction - in summer from west to east, in winter - from east to west - due to monsoons; the warmest ocean, the highest temperature in the Persian Gulf (+34°С), in the south -1.5°С; salinity is high; Coral reefs; collection of pearls; in the Persian Gulf, oil and gas; on the shallows of the Indian Ocean - tin, phosphorites, gold; shipping)
VI . Sharing information in groups (for 3 minutes)
VII . Presentation of completed works.
Summing up, self-assessment and assessment of the teacher, with comments
VIII .Working with contour maps.
Label the outline maps with the name of the oceans and rivers of each basin.
I X. Homework. § 15, c.c.
H. Reflection.
The article contains information about the seas and oceans that wash the shores of the most significant continent of the planet. He talks about the features and specifics of the coastal territories of the continent. Here all the seas that are part of the oceans washing the coast of Eurasia are painted in detail.
Seas and oceans of Eurasia
The eastern shores of the mainland are washed by the Pacific Ocean.
Rice. 1. Pacific Ocean.
The Eurasian Pacific coast is distinguished by its unusual dissection and variety of islands. The islands and peninsulas of Eurasia, in turn, isolate a system of interconnected marginal seas from the ocean: the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands separate the Sea of Okhotsk, the Japanese Islands and the Korean Peninsula delimit the mainland and the Sea of Japan.
Eurasia is the largest continent of our planet. It is washed by all oceans.
Rice. 2. Eurasia surrounded by ocean waters.
The islands that make up the area of \u200b\u200bthe mainland surround its territory in a semicircle. The Eurasian islands and archipelagos are mostly located in eastern waters. Large islands and island groups are located in the northwestern region of the mainland.
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The northern shores of Eurasia are washed by:
- East Siberian and Chukchi Sea;
- Norwegian and Barents Sea;
- White, Red and Laptev Sea.
The southern extremities of the continent are dominated by the Mediterranean Sea and the seas of the Indian Ocean:
- Red;
- Arabian;
- Andaman;
- South Chinese.
The eastern part of the mainland is washed by the seas of the Pacific Ocean:
- Beringovo;
- Okhotsk;
- Japanese;
- East Chinese.
The continental tip of the west belongs to the Atlantic Ocean. The North Sea rules here.
The part belonging to the margin of the Pacific Ocean has a complex structure of the coastline. The West Pacific belt is characterized by a complex bottom relief.
On the territory of the continent is the deepest depression and the highest point on Earth.
Eurasia is separated from the rest of the continents of the planet by straits and seas.
Seas of the mainland of Eurasia
There are a lot of seas washing Eurasia.
The mainland, washed by four oceans, is recognized as a supercontinent. The gigantic piece of land owes this title to its impressive size. The total land area is over 54 million square meters. km. In addition to the mainland itself, this number also includes the area of 15 peninsulas.
On the continental shelf, near the European coastal borders, the Bay of Biscay extends, as well as the Baltic, North and Irish Seas.
Rice. 3. Bay of Biscay.
Gibraltar connects the ocean waters with the Mediterranean Sea, which includes several basins separated by islands and peninsulas. Deeper into the mainland, the Black and Azov Seas protrude, which, thanks to the Bosphorus, are subsequently combined with the Mediterranean Sea.
Between the Norwegian and Barents Seas is the Scandinavian Peninsula. In the eastern regions of the mainland, chains of islands and peninsulas separate the seas from the Pacific Ocean. The Sea of Okhotsk is separated by the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands.
What have we learned?
We learned how many oceans wash the lands of the continent. We received information about why this territory of the Earth received the title of supercontinent. We learned how many peninsulas belong to the territory of the largest land area. We found out how and how the mainland is separated from the others. We received information that the seas of the planet are interconnected by a system of bays and straits. We learned that most of the mainland is located in the northern hemisphere.
§50-51. Eurasia. Physical and geographical position. Oceans and seas off the coast of Eurasia. Research History
Eurasia - the only continent on Earth, washed by four oceans. The mainland is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. Part of the islands belonging to Eurasia is located in the South hemisphere, Most of continental Eurasia lies in the Eastern Hemisphere, the extreme - western and eastern - points of the mainland are in the Western Hemisphere.
Physical and geographical position.Eurasia includes two parts of the world: Europe and Asia. The border line between Europe and Asia is drawn along the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains, the Zhaiyk (Ural) River, the northwestern coast of the Caspian Sea, the Kumo-Manych depression, the eastern coast of the Black Sea, the southern coast of the Black Sea, the Bosphorus Strait, the Sea of Marmara, the Dardanelles Strait, Aegean and Mediterranean seas.
The extreme point in the north of Eurasia is Cape Chelyuskin (77 ° 43 "N), the extreme point in the south is Cape Piai (1 ° 1 b" N), the distance between them is more than 8000 km.
The territory of the mainland, stretching from west to east, is also vast. The distance between the extreme point in the west - Cape Roka (9 ° 34 "W) and the extreme point in the east - Cape Dezhnev (169 ° 40" W) - about 16,000 km. Due to such features of the geographical position, all climatic zones and natural zones characteristic of the Northern Hemisphere are found on the mainland.
History of the study of the Eurasian continent.
The nature of Eurasia has been studied more fully than other continents. This is especially true for the most populated regions of Europe and Asia. In Eurasia, the most ancient civilizations of the Earth developed and developed over the course of millennia. The culture and science of ancient India, China, Assyria and Babylon provided the beginnings of geographical knowledge for modern civilization. In ancient Greece, Rome, the countries of the Arab East, the main directions of the geographical study of the "Ecumene" - the inhabited earth, were formed. Travels of Europeans to India and China, penetration into Siberia and Central Asia, the search for land and sea routes to the southern countries provided the first information about the nature of the continent and the life of the peoples inhabiting it as early as the Middle Ages. Numerous expeditions for scientific purposes in the 18th-20th centuries. expanded and deepened the existing initial general ideas.
The travels of Marco Polo, Afanasy Nikitin, Semyon Dezhnev are widely known. The hard-to-reach mountains and deserts of Central Asia, as well as the greatest highlands of Tibet, were explored by a number of expeditions of P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, N.M. Przhevalsky, Sh. Ualikhanov and many others.
However, the territory of Eurasia has been studied unevenly. Until now, there are hard-to-reach areas of the mainland that are waiting for their explorers - the interior of Arabia and Tibet, the Hindu Kush and Karakorum mountains, the central regions of the Indochina peninsula and many islands of Indonesia.
It is interesting
1.The northernmost of all countries in the world is Reykjavik (Iceland).
2.The Malay Archipelago is the largest archipelago in the world. Includes Greater Sunda, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas, Philippine and a number of small islands.
3.In the Mozambique Channel between Africa and Madagascar there is the island of Europa.
Questions and tasks
1.What parts of the world are part of the continent? Through what objects does the border pass?
2. Determine the geographic location of the mainland by completing the tasks in table 11.
3.What is the uniqueness of the geographical position of Eurasia?
Work in a notebook
Determine, according to the data proposed in the table, the researchers of the mainland. During what period did the discoveries and explorations take place? Fill in the gaps in the table.
Try to answer
Take an imaginary journey around Eurasia. Tell us about the objects you see and cross.
