Mosquito spray poisoning symptoms. How do mosquito repellent plates work on people? Mosquito repellent plates: what is their harm, how do they affect people
Drugs
Allethrin, bioresmethrin, permethrin, fenvalerate 7, phenothrin, cismethrin. Trade names: “Pif-Paf”, “Fenozol-L”, “Fumitox”, “Nittifor”.
Toxic effect
Neurotoxic (central and peripheral), associated with impaired sodium transport through the membranes of nerve cells.
Toxicokinetics
Routes of entry into the body: percutaneous, oral, inhalation. Biotransformation in the liver via enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidation. Rapid (about 24 hours) excretion from the body in urine and feces. The lethal dose for rats is 165 mg/kg.
Clinic and symptoms
In case of industrial poisoning (inhalation or percutaneous), 4-6 hours after contact with the toxicant, itching and burning of the facial skin (paresthesia), dizziness, and weakness appear. In case of household oral poisoning, after 10-60 minutes, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, dizziness, weakness, muscle twitching (fibrillation), convulsions are observed, rarely - loss of consciousness, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema. When making a differential diagnosis of OP poisoning, one focuses on the normal activity of cholinesterase. The prognosis is favorable even in cases of severe poisoning.
Treatment
Detoxification. At external influence- remove clothes, toilet with soap and water or a weak solution of soda, wash eyes. If ingested: gastric lavage, enterosorption, saline laxatives (sodium sulfate), forced diuresis, sodium hypochlorite into a vein, in coma - hemosorption.
There are no antidotes.
Symptomatic therapy: infusion of colloid and crystalloid solutions, for convulsions - diazepam into a vein, for hepatopathy - hepatoprotective therapy.
Diethyltoluamide (N, N-diethyl-3-toluamide, dit).
APPLICATION
Applied to the skin as a repellent, i.e. to repel and prevent bites of mosquitoes, other blood-sucking dipterous insects, and fleas. This compound has no effect on stinging insects. Used in the form of lotions, bars, aerosols or moistened wipes for wiping. The concentration of the active component varies from 5 to 100%.
TOXIC EFFECT
This repellent has a neurotoxic effect in large doses. Repeated application to the skin may cause rash and dermatitis. Severe poisoning is rare. This usually occurs as a result of ingestion of large amounts of concentrated product or skin contact over several weeks. Poisoning occurs more often in children than in adults, and in girls more often than in boys. In rare cases acute poisoning in children leads to brain damage.
Symptoms
If swallowed, small amounts of repellent or low concentrations of the active ingredient cause nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
After ingestion of a concentrated product containing a high dose of the active ingredient, loss of consciousness, convulsions, and signs of liver damage are observed within 30 minutes to 6 hours. In rare cases, acute poisoning in children causes encephalopathy [slurred speech, unsteady gait, abnormal movements of fingers and toes, tremors (shaking), seizures, shallow breathing], low blood pressure, rapid pulse.
- In case of eye contact: irritation, which in the case of concentrated product may be severe.
- After contact with skin, if the solution is concentrated (>50%): burning sensation, blisters and ulcers.
- With repeated use: redness and rash, signs of poisoning if large quantities of the substance are used.
Treatment
You should induce vomiting; if it is absent, rinse the stomach, give activated carbon 50 g orally and water.
Treatment is symptomatic with active detoxification.
In rare cases, children are diagnosed with toxic encephalopathy, which can be confused with viral encephalitis or epilepsy. In accordance with the indications, maintenance therapy is carried out, including oxygen therapy and mechanical breathing. In case of seizures, increased muscle tone, opisthotonus or tremor, diazepam or phenobarbital is administered.
Diazepam doses for intravenous injection: for adults: 10-20 mg at a rate of 0.5 ml (2.5 mg) over 30 s; if necessary, repeat after 30-60 minutes, for children: 200 mcg/kg body weight.
Summer not only pleases us with good weather, but also upsets us with the activity of insects. This problem is especially relevant for people who often travel out of town. Repellents are a means of repelling mosquitoes, ticks and other blood-sucking insects. However, the product is quite toxic, which requires special attention.
Which mosquito repellent to choose?
Considering the toxicity of repellents, before purchasing, you need to decide for what purpose you need it. It is clear that the main goal is mosquito protection. But what's the point of buying mosquito repellent if you're only going to treat your tent or clothes? So, in order, which repellents should be used in which cases.
Liquid: creams, lotions, aerosols and sprays against mosquitoes
Mosquito cream convenient because you have complete control over the application area. Repellent must be applied to open areas bodies. However It is not recommended to allow contact with lips, eyelids, and especially eyes. Mosquito spray, of course, is convenient, but it’s difficult to avoid it getting into these zones. Unless you first spray it on your palms and gently anoint your face. Besides, most The spray is sprayed past, the product is not used sparingly. But this is not as scary as the fact that while spraying you, willy-nilly, inhale the repellent. This can cause severe irritation to the respiratory tract. Therefore, it is better to use the spray for treating tents, nets, and clothing.
Which mosquito repellent is more effective?
You can be confident in the effectiveness of mosquito repellent cream if you see in the composition:
- Diethyltoluamide (DEET)
- benzoyl liperidine
- carboxide
- remebid
- oxamate
Actually, these are repellents. Particularly effective and popular is the remedy DEET. Plays a big role in the effectiveness of mosquito repellent concentration of active substance. For example:
- 10-15% - protects against mosquitoes for an hour and a half
- 25-35% - provides protection for 4-5 hours, including repels ticks
- 50% is the most effective and maximum acceptable content.
Anything more is definitely harmful to health.
Which mosquito repellent is safe for children?
Yes, repellents only repel insects, unlike insecticides that kill mosquitoes and other blood-sucking animals. Accordingly, they are less toxic, but still toxic. Especially for children.
So if you are looking for mosquito protection for a child and choose a product that is applied directly to the skin, then look for contained in IR3535 (ethylbutylacetylaminopropionate). It is also effective against mosquitoes, ticks and bedbugs, but 3 times less toxic than DEET.
Look for the inscription “ for children" Products for children use hypoallergenic substances, which is important.
Mosquito bracelet for children- perhaps the most ideal option. Mostly active substance Such bracelets are natural repellents that are less toxic, and there is no direct contact with the skin.
Attention! The dangers of repellents for children
If we are talking about completely small child, it is better to wear a mosquito repellent bracelet not on your wrist, but on the ankle. If you apply mosquito repellent cream to your child, make sure that he/she did not get on fingers and hands. Children tend to put their fingers and anything that dangles in their mouths. Repellents can cause severe poisoning.
Solid: mosquito coils and fumigators
Both work on the same principle - under the influence of heat, substances that repel insects are released from the plate intended for fumigators and the spiral. In the first case, heating comes from the electrical network, in the second - directly from ignition.
Fumigators are convenient at home. Spirals - in nature. With a lighted coil, you can smoke the area around the tent, for example, and leave it to smolder somewhere nearby. However, under no circumstances should you place it in close proximity to the tent or things. Smoldering pieces can fall with a charred part and, at best, leave holes in the tent or on clothing, at worst, cause a fire.
Water-based or oil-based mosquito repellent spray
The main difference is that water-based creams and sprays allow the skin to breathe. But at the same time, they wash off faster.
That is, if you plan to swim or the place you are going to is rainy, it is better to choose an oil repellent.
If there are not many mosquitoes, and the toxicity of repellents scares you, you can make an absolutely harmless mosquito repeller with your own hands. Folk remedies mosquito repellents have proven their effectiveness over time, so you can safely use them without fear of getting poisoned.
Folk remedies for mosquitoes
You can add a few drops of various essential oils or wipe the skin with herbal infusion. These natural repellents include:
- Carnation
- Valerian
- Camphor
- Juniper
- Basil
- Eucalyptus
You can also drop them into the fire or throw pine/cedar cones, juniper branches, and dried cloves into it.
If you are nevertheless bitten by mosquitoes, you can cope with the unpleasant consequences and itching by wiping the bite site with tea tree oil, a solution of baking soda, mint leaves or a very weak solution of potassium permanganate. And upon returning to civilization, or medicinal plants.
P.S. If synthetic repellent gets into your eyes, rinse a large number water. In the mouth - rinse thoroughly, preferably with a solution of potassium permanganate.
Combination of mosquito repellent and sunscreen
Repellents are not recommended to be rubbed into the skin, so they should be applied 5-10 minutes after applying sunscreen. It should be remembered that the combination of some components can lead to a decrease. If you are going to use both of these products at the same time, use a cream with maximum sun protection properties.
A quiet and peaceful night is what our person needs in order to feel rested, cheerful and full of energy in the morning. Sometimes it is difficult to achieve the desired result if you are constantly overwhelmed by a flock of buzzing insects. From warm spring to late autumn, mosquitoes, midges and other small arthropods do not allow you to sleep peacefully. It’s good that another human invention comes to the rescue - a repellent.
As the manufacturers assure, just 30 minutes of work and there will be no trace of insects left. But many people are concerned about other questions: are mosquito repellents harmful? How safe are they for human health? Now we will try to answer them.
Composition of mosquito repellent plates
Reading is not enough chemical composition mosquito plate, you also need to understand the meaning of each of these substances and what effect it has. Depending on the manufacturer and type of mosquito repellent, you can find the following substances included in their composition:
How do mosquito repellent plates work? The main effect on animals is inhibition of the nervous system and an effect on the sense of smell, while insects cease to sense human odors (this carbon dioxide, which a person exhales and lactic acid found in sweat). But many substances do not have selective activity and can also affect humans.
How do mosquito repellent plates work on people?
There are no absolutely safe repellents. Therefore, manufacturers honestly warn:
What is the reason for this concern about human health? The substances included in anti-arthropod products do not specifically affect mosquitoes, flies or mammals; they have a general inhibitory or toxic effect on nervous system, depressing her work. The only question is concentration. In the amount in which it is contained in a plate or liquid mosquito repellent, it should only affect small creatures. But if safety rules are violated or if a reaction to the drug develops, a person may experience the following symptoms.
Today, few people will be surprised by an ordinary home fumigator. It is easy to use, cheap and very effective. In just a few hours of operation, it will kill all the insects in the room, and if you turn it on all night, it will even make it possible to sleep with open windows without . However, is it as harmless as the manufacturers claim?
Composition of toxic substances in the fumigator
The main difference between fumigators and all other mosquito repellents is their degree of effectiveness. Repellents simply repel mosquitoes with a smell or block the smell of a person for insects; traps, on the contrary, lure bloodsuckers with the same smells, and fumigators are aimed specifically at exterminating them.
An insecticide is placed inside the fumigator in liquid form or in the form of a plate, which, when heated, releases fumes that are toxic to cold-blooded creatures. As a rule, DEET or prallethrin is used as a toxic substance. This is a nerve-paralytic substance that blocks the nerve endings of mosquitoes and flies, which soon leads to their death.
How and to whom is the fumigator dangerous?
Since these insecticides act specifically on cold-blooded creatures, it makes sense to protect an aquarium with fish or other amphibians living in the apartment, for example, lizards or frogs, from the fumigator. Their metabolism, of course, is slower than that of a mosquito, but the harm chemical substance can apply.
But is mosquito fumigator harmful to humans? According to scientists and doctors, no, the fumigator practically cannot harm warm-blooded creatures, such as people and pets. Therefore, do not worry whether the fumigator is dangerous for dogs. Dogs, like cats, and other animals are safe.
But, if you need to use it, especially if it is less than a year old, to avoid allergic reactions, it is recommended to buy children's fumigators. They contain a reduced amount of toxic substances and are odorless. Those who are prone to allergies, migraines, as well as pregnant women should also choose children's mosquito fumigators
Damage from a fumigator turned on all night
First of all, you need to carefully read the instructions for your fumigator. They say whether the fumigator can be left overnight. Some types can be turned on all night, while others can only be turned on for a few hours. It all depends on the concentration of insecticide in it. Also follow the instructions regarding inflow carefully. clean air. As a rule, you should not turn on the fumigator overnight. small room With closed windows. By morning, the concentration of insecticide in the air can become dangerous even for humans.
Also, having decided whether you can sleep with a fumigator, do not lie too close to it, as there will be the strongest concentration of toxic substances around the device.
Of course, any chemical can cause harm to humans, especially in high concentrations and used in violation of operating conditions. You shouldn’t overuse fumigators and keep them on around the clock. On the contrary, reasonable use will protect you and your children from painful bites and the annoying mosquito squeak.
On hot days, gnats multiply rapidly. For reproduction of females, the blood of animals or people is required. Since insects are carriers of pathogens of many diseases, mosquito bite repellent is used immediately after bites.
Folk remedies for mosquito bites
After damage to the dermis, the patient begins to complain of itching with swelling. The subsequent manifestation of the clinical picture depends on the number of bites. To eliminate the primary signs, it is recommended to rinse the damaged dermis with cool water.
This manipulation reduces swelling and itching. The victim can take warm bath with apple cider vinegar sea salt or mint tincture.
More recipes for bites:
- Soda slurry. It is prepared from 1 tbsp. soda and water. The solution is applied to the affected area, and the paste is spread over the skin. This product can be used for children.
- Mint leaves, plantain. You can make juice from plants.
- Apple cider vinegar. The solution quickly relieves itching. They treat the skin using a cotton ball.
- Toothpaste based on eucalyptus, menthol or mint.
- Cold. Any cold object effectively relieves irritation. It is better to use ice previously wrapped in 2-3 layers of fabric.
- Essential oil from lavender, tea tree. The product is used with caution in children under one year of age. Oil often causes dysfunction respiratory system. An allergy test is performed before use.
- Peel of vegetables, fruits. If an insect bite provokes irritation, use tomato, lemon, onion and potato. You can make juice from these ingredients.
- Kefir is indicated to reduce the intensity of itching.
- If a mosquito attacks in nature, the dermis is wiped wet wipe on alcohol.
From mosquito bites You can use milk and water. Home remedy prepared from equal proportions of milk and water. It is better to use skim milk. The bandage or gauze is moistened in the prepared liquid. The affected skin is treated with the composition 2-3 times.
Folk and medicine used until the symptoms disappear completely. Children's skin undergoes special treatment, as babies scratch the wounds, infecting them. If a complex clinical manifestation occurs, taking Diazolin or another antihistamine is indicated.
Pharmacy remedies for mosquito bites
If ineffective folk compositions the use of pharmaceutical products is indicated, including lotion, pencil, ointment and gel against mosquito bites. They contain plant substances with anti-inflammatory and antihistamine properties.
Names of medications:
- “Fenistil” is applied to the dermis to cool it and relieve the intensity of itching. At the same time, the development of allergies is blocked. Indicated for use in children from the 2nd month of life.
- “Tsindol” - the suspension dries the skin, providing an anti-inflammatory effect. Quickly relieves symptoms caused by mosquitoes.
- “Star” - used if damaged skin is not combed.
- “Rescuer” - effectively fights inflammation, eliminating swelling in the shortest possible time. Can be used when a mosquito has bitten and the child has scratched the skin vigorously.
- "Gistan" - it contains plant substances that effectively relieve allergies. Also used for inflammation with swelling.
- “Vitaon” is used for children to relieve itching of any etiology.
- “Psilo balm” eliminates skin itching with swelling, cooling the dermis and relieving intoxication.
- "Nezulin" - after applying the ointment, swelling with skin irritation disappears, preventing a secondary mosquito bite.
Note!
After an attack by midges, a severe allergy sometimes develops. If a child has been injured, and the symptoms manifest themselves in a clear form, and additional shortness of breath occurs, you need to consult a pediatrician. For severe allergies, external remedies are indicated as additional therapy.
Mosquito bite: symptoms
The mosquito, biting through the skin, inserts its trunk, injecting proteins with anticoagulants into the capillaries. Saliva entering the victim's body slows down blood clotting. The mosquito provokes the following symptoms:
- redness with swelling.
This is how the immune system responds to a mosquito bite. Maximum vulnerability is typical for thin-skinned people who sweat heavily. Midge attacks are also dangerous for newborns and pregnant women. The primary rash includes blisters that appear in the first 10-15 minutes after the attack.
Symptoms that require urgent medical attention:
- rash;
- the appearance of red spots on the body;
- migraine;
- aches in joints and muscles.
With such a clinic, it is necessary to exclude infection. Skin and nerve itching should only be treated by a qualified specialist. Mosquito repellent cream is used as prescribed by a physician if the victim is allergic. More often, swelling is mild, so it goes away within 2 hours.
Prevention and conclusions
A mosquito that damages the skin provokes general weakness. To prevent this phenomenon, it is recommended to constantly use various protective compounds from a mosquito bite. All protective measures are differentiated in 2 areas:
- home protection;
- protection in nature.
The most effective measure in the fight against mosquitoes is the installation mosquito net on all windows ventilation holes and openings that contact the street. Cribs and strollers are also equipped with a special mosquito net that prevents mosquitoes from flying in.
One of the modern preventative means is an ultrasonic device, the effect of which is to emit monophonic signals, which is unpleasant for mosquitoes. Moreover, these signals are harmless to people.
The device is safe during pregnancy and for babies. The room is not ventilated after its use. Its coverage area is 25 sq.m. The device operates on battery power and mains power, so it can also be used outdoors.
Modern protection against mosquitoes - an anti-mosquito jacket. It prevents gnats from biting due to the unique structure of the tissue.
Bite protection
- "Pierce";
- "Dust."
Their effect is to “smoke” the air, which provokes the death of the gnats. To repel mosquitoes, use repellents:
- "Veles";
- "Fumitox".
The substances included in their composition affect the nerve cells of the gnats. It is not recommended to use such products in aerosol form during pregnancy or for children. Otherwise, asthma may occur.
Prophylactic compositions include folk recipes, including:
- a decoction made from wormwood for water procedures;
- chamomile and tomato leaves scattered around the house.
It is necessary to take into account that comprehensive prevention minimizes the likelihood of symptoms caused by a mosquito biting the skin.
Video: remedy for mosquito bites - video
