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Cheburashka is one of those cartoon characters that we continue to feel sympathy for, even as adults. We will not retell in detail the work “Crocodile Gena and His Friends” (he is its hero), but let’s find out next moment: why Cheburashka was called Cheburashka.
And who is the author?
There cannot be any discrepancies in the answer to this question: the character appeared from the pen of the Soviet and Russian writer, screenwriter, and author of children's books Eduard Uspensky. This happened in 1966. At the same time, another of his works was published - “Down the Magic River”. Uspensky became popular. To answer the question: “Why was Cheburashka called Cheburashka?” - we'll look a little lower.
The writer’s homeland is the city of Yegoryevsk (Moscow region). After graduating from school, he entered the Moscow Aviation Institute. During the same period, his first literary works appeared in print.
Today, the writer’s place of residence is also the Moscow region. The author's works continue to be published in the Samovar publishing house. We hope that there will be no difficulties in answering the question: “Who wrote Cheburashka?” - readers will not have this material.
The character himself became famous after the cartoon about the crocodile Gena and his friends was released (1969).
The original version of the book introduced readers to a clumsy, unsightly creature. Small ears, brown fur - so in general outline his appearance was described. We owe the appearance of the good-natured image of Cheburashka, who is distinguished by big ears and big eyes, to the production designer
By the way, in the period 1990-2000, the writer had to participate in disputes regarding the authorship of this image. We were talking about its use in the names of various children's institutions, in various products (this was a common practice in the Soviet period).
We remembered who wrote Cheburashka. Next, let's list the character name options.
Animal from hot countries
There is a version that in his childhood the future writer played with a soft toy, apparently not himself. best quality. She was strange looking: With big ears and the same big eyes. It was impossible to understand exactly which order of animals of the world it belongs to. Then the parents' imagination suggested the animal's name - Cheburashka. Hot countries were chosen as his place of residence. We have given so far one version of why Cheburashka was called Cheburashka.
Summer, girl, fur coat
Uspensky himself gives an explanation for this name of the fictional character in one of his interviews. A little daughter grew up in a family of acquaintances of the writer. One of the purchases that her parents decided to please her with was a small fur coat. It was a warm summer outside. The fitting of new clothes took place under Eduard Uspensky. The girl dragged her large fur coat along the floor; it was uncomfortable for her to walk. After she once again tripped and fell, her father said: “I screwed up again!” Uspensky became interested in the meaning of the unusual word. A friend explained to him the meaning of the word “cheburahnutsya.” It means "to fall."
You can also find out about the origin of the word from V.I.’s dictionary. Dalia. It also contains the meaning that we have already given, and such as “crash”, “stretch”. Dahl also mentions the word “Cheburashka”. Various dialects define it as “a saber of a barge strap, it hangs on its tail” or as “a roly-poly, a doll, it rises to its feet on its own, no matter how it is thrown.” The word also has figurative interpretations.
Book version of the title
In order to understand another option why Cheburashka was called Cheburashka, let's remember the plot of the book itself. So, the favorite food of an animal unknown to science that lived somewhere in the south was oranges. One hot day, he climbed into a box with his favorite fruits found on the shore. I ate well and fell asleep. Then the boarded up box ended up in our country and was delivered to the store. After opening the box, instead of the expected fruit, a plump, furry creature appeared before the store director. Having no idea what to do with it, the director decided to put the animal on a box. The animal could not resist and fell. The director burst out with the phrase: “Ugh, what a Cheburashka!” This is how this name stuck with the character.
Our story about Cheburashka is coming to an end. I would like to supplement it with some interesting facts.
Today, many monuments and sculptural compositions have been erected to this hero and his friends. You can meet them in such settlements as the village of Gaspra (Yalta, Crimea), the city of Ramenskoye near Moscow, the city of Khabarovsk, the city of Kremenchug, and the city of Dnepr.
Since 2003, Muscovites have held a charity event “Cheburashka’s Birthday” every August weekend. It is aimed at helping orphans.
In Moscow, in kindergarten No. 2550 (Eastern administrative district) in 2008 the opening of the Cheburashka Museum took place. The typewriter is stored in it. It was on it that the story of a character beloved by both children and their parents was created.
As Eduard Uspensky said, the image of Cheburashka was born thanks to a painting he once saw: “I was visiting my friend and saw a little girl dressed in a thick fur coat with a large collar. The fur coat was too big for the girl, and she constantly fell - she would take a step and fall. My friend said: “Oh, I’m crazy!” That’s the first time I heard this word.”According to Vladimir Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary, the word "Cheburashka" meant "a doll, a little roly-poly who stood up on his own no matter how hard you threw him." The verbs “cheburakhat” and “cheburakhnut” were used in the meaning of “throw, throw, overturn with thunder, bang, slap.”
Thanks to the efforts of the artist Leonid Aronovich Shvartsman, Cheburashka became one of the most beloved cartoon characters of the USSR. “In the process of making the film, the tail fell off. The cartoon Cheburashka has eyes like a human child. He has big ears, a frame around his face. And, of course, a charm has come that is not found in the drawings of other artists,” notes Shvartsman.
The word “Cheburashka” has existed for quite a long time, and, contrary to popular belief, it was not invented by the writer Eduard Uspensky. IN " Explanatory dictionary living Great Russian language" compiled by V.I. Dahl, it is reported that "Cheburashka is an old toy, a doll, a Vanya-Vstanka, which no matter how you throw it, will still get back on its feet."
Another scientist is lexicographer S.I. Ozhegov in his “Dictionary of the Russian Language” cites two words used in common speech - cheburakhnut and cheburakhnutsya, close to the meaning of “throw, fall or hit with noise.”
It is known that in the old circus, acrobat clowns were called Cheburashkas. In order to make the audience laugh, they rushed into the arena, i.e. Screaming and screaming, they fell into the sawdust and wallowed in it, trying to make the audience laugh.
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So Eduard Uspensky owns the plot of the book and its writing, and he gave the name to his hero, resurrecting a long-forgotten word.
On August 14, 2018, one of the most beloved children's writers, whose works became classics of literature and animation, Eduard Nikolaevich Uspensky, passed away. His books were analyzed for quotes in the post-Soviet space, his characters are extremely popular in Japan, his books have been translated into 20 languages. And thanks to him, everyone knows exactly how to eat a sandwich correctly - “You need to put the sausage on your tongue.”
The naive Cheburashka, the intellectual crocodile Gena, the charismatic old woman Shapoklyak, the weather-independent Uncle Fyodor, the controversial Pechkin, the janitor from “The Plasticine Crow” - all his heroes have become a real encyclopedia of Russian life. His books and cartoons have long been disassembled into quotes, and they still miraculously help fathers and children find a common language today.
How it all began
First literary work Eduard Nikolaevich Uspensky - the book “Uncle Fyodor, the Dog and the Cat.” He wrote this story while he was working in the library. summer camp and could not even imagine that both adults and children would love his fairy tale so much.
And when a cartoon was made based on the book, the army of fans of Uncle Fyodor and his friends increased many times over. By the way, each cartoon character had his own prototype - one of the members of the team working on the cartoon or their relatives.
Cheburashka and all, all, all
The story of Cheburashka and the crocodile Gena was invented by Eduard Uspensky in Odessa. He accidentally saw a chameleon in a box of oranges and decided to embellish this story somewhat. The writer made a friendly and cute animal out of a chameleon, but didn’t really rack his brains over a name for it: Cheburashka! This is what the writer’s friends called their little daughter, who was just learning to walk.
However, all the other inhabitants of the fairy-tale land also did not arise from empty space. Uspensky did not try to hide the fact that the prototype of Shapoklyak was his first wife, and the young friends of the crocodile Gena were kids who lived in the same yard with the writer.
Worldwide fame
No one expected this, least of all Uspensky himself. But his tale about Cheburashka created a real sensation, and not only in the vastness of the USSR. In Japan, a strange animal with huge ears has become a favorite character. And in Sweden, comics based on the works of Uspensky were published more than once. In Lithuania, the cartoon was translated into the state language, slightly changing the names of the characters. And in Russia, August 20 is declared Cheburashka’s birthday.
Plasticine crow
Uspensky’s poetic work “Plasticine Crow” was born quickly and spontaneously. Once he spent almost the whole day humming an Irish folk song that had become attached to him, and he himself did not notice how Russian words were based on this motive. As a result, the work, which was later used as a cartoon, was born in just half an hour.
However, the fairy tale did not lose anything from the ease of its birth and became truly universally loved.
And completely non-cartoon projects
In the creative biography of Eduard Uspensky there were also projects that had nothing to do with cartoons, but they were still dedicated to children. He was the creator and host of the popular children's program “Abgdeyka” and was the first to open a system of interactive communication with young viewers. He taught children the alphabet and grammar from the TV screen, for which he received a lot of grateful feedback from parents. Later, Uspensky would write the book “School of Clowns,” which is still an excellent educational aid today.
In the 1980s, Uspensky hosted the radio program “Pioneer Dawn” and turned to his young listeners with an unusual request - to send ideas they had invented or heard scary stories. The results of such creative communication were a book of stories with unusual plots, and every child could feel involved in its writing.
Travel lover
Uspensky loved to travel, and he knew exactly in which countries his books had been translated and what his favorite characters were in a particular country. Explain why in different countries He himself could not make different characters popular, and preferred to simply rejoice at the popularity of his books.
Some recent years Eduard Nikolaevich struggled with cancer. In August 2018, he returned home from Germany, where he was undergoing treatment, and his condition sharply worsened. He refused hospitalization and last days spent at home without getting out of bed. On August 14 he passed away. Happy memory...
Remembering the work of Eduard Uspensky, the story is about that.
Cheburashka- a character in the book “Crocodile Gena and His Friends” by Eduard Uspensky and the film “Crocodile Gena” by Roman Kachanov, based on this book in 1969. He became widely known after the release of this film.
Outwardly, it is a creature with huge ears, large eyes and brown fur, walking on its hind legs. The image of Cheburashka, known today, first appeared in Roman Kachanov’s cartoon “Crocodile Gena” (1969) and was created by direct participation film production designer Leonid Shvartsman.
After the film was released on English language originally translated as "Topple" and into Swedish as "Drutten".
Story
Cheburashka was invented in 1966 by the writer Eduard Uspensky, who claims that the prototype was a defective children's toy - a half-hare, half-bear cub, which received the nickname "Cheburashka" in the family.
According to the text by Uspensky, Cheburashka main character was named for the fact that after surviving an uncomfortable journey in a box of oranges, he constantly strived to “cheburah”, that is, to fall. This is how it is described in the first book of the series: He sat, sat, looked around, and then he suddenly fell from the table onto the chair. But he couldn’t sit on the chair for long - he fell over again. On the floor. - Wow, what a Cheburashka! - the store director said about him, - He can’t sit still at all! This is how our little animal found out that its name is Cheburashka...
It does not seem that Ouspensky realized then that he had discovered a treasure. Suffice it to remember that his book was called “Gena the Crocodile and His Friends,” that is, the animal unknown to science was not its title character.
Nor did director-animator Roman Kachanov see any particular charm in the animal, who wrote in his book “The Wisdom of Fiction” (1983): “When I read E. Uspensky’s story “Crocodile Gena and His Friends” in 1967, neither Cheburashka nor Gena the crocodile didn't make much of an impression on me. I liked the city in which people and animals lived together without any conditions. So, easily, my housemate could be a crocodile who works at the zoo.”
It seems that only the artist Leonid Shvartsman fell in love with the character, endowing him with all the external characteristics necessary for an animated star: large ears and round eyes, which once brought success to Mickey Mouse.
After the first film – “Crocodile Gena” (1968) – it became clear who was in charge here: the second series was already called “Cheburashka”. A total of four puppet films were made. They were divided into quotes, Gena and Cheburashka firmly entered children's folklore and became heroes of jokes.
This couple had some modest fame abroad: in Sweden in the 1970s, the children's show Drutten och Gena with Cheburashka and Gena in the lead roles was shown on television. True, the Swedes used wrist dolls and composed a different biography for the heroes.
The revolution happened in the 2000s, when our country discovered that the main thing in mass film culture is a memorable character. It is he who makes viewers return to the same work over and over again, which means that thanks to him it is possible to produce kilometers of serial production and make crazy money on licensing.
And then real recognition came to Cheburashka. It turned out that this is one of the few authentic characters created by Soviet culture. Moreover, unlike others Soviet heroes Cheburashka did not lose his charm when the regime changed.
Cheburashka became simultaneously a part of the state ideology and a flagship of the marginalized, an object of trade and a participant in social scandals, a goodwill ambassador and a muse for artists of different schools. In some surprising way, Cheburashka could turn out to be both the mascot of the Russian Olympic team (sounds like an anecdote, given the legendary awkwardness of the character, imprinted even in his name), and a symbol of anti-glamorous dance parties (at the beginning of the 2000s, DJ Svodnik organized the so-called “Cheburan parties”, which were attended by representatives of bohemia, ready to recognize themselves as “Cheburashka”). A public charity movement “Cheburashka's Birthday” has appeared, which annually at the end of August organizes a holiday for orphanage children. Images of Cheburashka increasingly began to appear on various products, the press increasingly discussed the legal dispute between Uspensky and Shvartsman, monuments to Cheburashka were created in different cities, and young artists found a new interpretation of a familiar image that was familiar from childhood.
Cheburashka was also appreciated abroad. His image was liked by the Japanese (it is believed that due to its resemblance to Pokemon). As a result, the animal took its place in the Studio Ghibli museum, and the anime series “Cheburashka - who is it?” appeared on Japanese television screens. (Cheburashka Arere?). This rather strange work consists of twenty-six three-minute episodes (2 minutes 10 seconds are occupied by the plot, the rest of the time is credits), in which characters, exactly copied from our dolls, act out various comic and sometimes lyrical scenes. In the first episode, Gena finds Cheburashka in a box of oranges, in the second he takes him to the zoo (this word is written in Cyrillic in the series), in the third episode he meets Shapoklyak, etc.
Cheburashka had her own song - “I was once a strange wooden toy”, performed by Klara Rumyanova. But in the final version it was not included in the cartoon. And it remained only on records and in concert performances.
A few years ago, a scandal broke out over the authorship of the image of Cheburashka. The fact is that it was Uspensky who wrote about Cheburashka, but its appearance was invented by the artist Leonid Shvartsman. “When I was offered to become an artist for a series about the crocodile Gena and Cheburashka,” recalls Shvartsman, “I struggled for a long time with the image of the main character. And finally, he came up with these gentle eyes, touching paws and removed the tail. This was in 1968. After the collapse of the USSR, Uspensky copied my Cheburashka, made a drawing and took it to the patent office. There, his authorship was not questioned and all the papers were drawn up. I’m very upset: after all, Edik just wrote a book, but it was I who came up with and drew the image of Cheburashka.”
Origin of the word "Cheburashka"
E. N. Uspensky rejects the version about the defective toy, set out in the introduction to his book, as written specifically for children. In an interview with a Nizhny Novgorod newspaper, Uspensky says:
I came to visit a friend, and his little daughter was trying on a fluffy fur coat that was dragging along the floor,<…>The girl constantly fell, tripping over her fur coat. And her father, after another fall, exclaimed: “Oh, I screwed up again!” This word stuck in my memory and I asked what it meant. It turned out that “cheburahnutsya” means “to fall.” This is how the name of my hero appeared.
In the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V. I. Dal, both the word “cheburakhnutsya” is described in the meaning of “fall”, “crash”, “stretch out”, and the word “Cheburashka”, which he defines in various dialects as “a saber of a burlatsky strap” , hanging on its tail,” or as “a stand-up roly-poly, a doll that, no matter how you throw it, gets to its feet on its own.” According to Vasmer's etymological dictionary, “cheburakhnut” is derived from the words chuburok, chapurok, cheburakh - “a wooden ball at the end of a burlatsk tow”, of Turkic origin. Another related word is “chebyrka” - a whip with a ball on the end of the hair.
The origin of the word “Cheburashka”, in the sense of a tumbler toy, described by Dahl, is due to the fact that many fishermen made such toys from wooden balls, which were floats for fishing nets, and were also called Cheburashka.
Figurative meanings of the word “Cheburashka”
- “Cheburashka” is often called objects that in one way or another resemble Cheburashka, including: L-410 Turbolet and An-72 aircraft, with a characteristic “eared” engine arrangement
- spherical spinning weight with two wire loops
- sports figure of driving a car, including a double figure eight
- electric locomotive ChS2 - associative external resemblance to Cheburashka due to the massive frames of the windshields; In the cartoon Shapoklyak, the characters ride an electric locomotive, similar to a hybrid of ChS2 and VL22.
- Zaporozhets cars of the ZAZ-966 / 968 / 968A models - due to the characteristic air intakes protruding from the sides of the body.
- car "Moskvich"-2733-van
- There is also an ironic expression “Cheburashka fur”, or “Cheburashka natural”, meaning artificial fur.
- Sometimes large full-size headphones are called “Cheburashkas”.
- In socionics, “Cheburashka” is a slang name for a person who is not classified as one of the 16 socionic types.
- In planimetry there is the concept of “Cheburashka ears” - this is the name of the GMT, of which a given segment is visible at a given angle.
- Also, “Cheburashkas” in some regions of Russia in the second half of the 80s of the 20th century were called bottles with a capacity of 0.33 liters, into which beer, mineral waters and other drinks were bottled, and in the 90s they began to call 0.5 bottles this way l. The bottle got its name from Cheburashka lemonade. In Russia, beer is similar bottles bottled until 2006.
- Among roleplayers, a “Cheburashka” is often called a double-sided battle ax.
