General Vlasov and the Russian Liberation Army. Why General Andrei Vlasov became a traitor to his homeland
It was about how Andrey Vlasov was considered a talented and promising general of the Red Army. After commanding (often successfully) a number of units, on April 20, 1942, Vlasov was appointed commander of the 2nd Shock Army. This army, intended to break the blockade of Leningrad, found itself in a difficult situation by the end of spring. In June, the Germans closed the “corridor” connecting army units with the main front line. About 20 thousand people remained surrounded, along with the commander, General Vlasov.
Rescue of General Afanasyev
Both the Germans and ours, knowing that the command of the 2nd Shock Army remained surrounded, tried at all costs to find him.
Vlasov's headquarters, meanwhile, tried to get out. The few surviving witnesses claimed that after the failed breakthrough, a breakdown occurred in the general. He looked indifferent and did not hide from the shelling. Took command of the detachment Chief of Staff of the 2nd Shock Army Colonel Vinogradov.
The group, wandering around the rear, tried to reach their own. It entered into skirmishes with the Germans, suffered losses, and gradually dwindled.
The key moment occurred on the night of July 11. Chief of Staff Vinogradov suggested dividing into groups of several people and going out to their own people on their own. He objected Chief of Army Communications Major General Afanasyev. He suggested that everyone should go together to the Oredezh River and Lake Chernoe, where they could feed themselves by fishing, and where the partisan detachments should be located. Afanasyev’s plan was rejected, but no one stopped him from moving on his route. 4 people left with Afanasyev.
Literally a day later, Afanasyev’s group met with the partisans, who contacted the “Big Land”. A plane arrived for the general and took him to the rear.
Alexey Vasilyevich Afanasyev turned out to be the only representative of the senior command staff of the 2nd Shock Army who managed to escape from the encirclement. After the hospital, he returned to duty and continued his service, ending his career as an artillery communications chief. Soviet Army.
“Don’t shoot, I’m General Vlasov!”
Vlasov's group was reduced to four people. He broke up with Vinogradov, who was ill, which is why the general gave him his overcoat.
On July 12, Vlasov's group split up to go to two villages in search of food. Stayed with the general cook of the canteen of the military council of the army Maria Voronova.
They entered the village of Tuchovezy, introducing themselves as refugees. Vlasov, who identified himself as a school teacher, asked for food. They were fed, after which they suddenly pointed weapons and locked them in a barn. The “hospitable host” turned out to be the local elder, who called local residents from among the auxiliary police for help.
It is known that Vlasov had a pistol with him, but he did not resist.
The headman did not identify the general, but considered those who came to be partisans.
The next morning, a German special group arrived in the village and was asked by the headman to pick up the prisoners. The Germans waved it off because they were coming for... General Vlasov.
The day before, the German command received information that General Vlasov had been killed in a skirmish with a German patrol. The corpse in the general's overcoat, which was examined by members of the group upon arriving at the scene, was identified as the body of the commander of the 2nd Shock Army. In fact, Colonel Vinogradov was killed.
On the way back, having already passed Tuchowiezy, the Germans remembered their promise and returned for the unknown.
When the barn door opened, a phrase in German sounded from the darkness:
- Don’t shoot, I’m General Vlasov!
Two destinies: Andrey Vlasov vs. Ivan Antyufeyev
At the very first interrogations, the general began to give detailed testimony, reporting on the state of the Soviet troops and giving characteristics to Soviet military leaders. And just a few weeks later, while in a special camp in Vinnitsa, Andrei Vlasov himself would offer the Germans his services in the fight against the Red Army and Stalin’s regime.
What made him do this? Vlasov’s biography shows that not only did he not suffer from the Soviet system and from Stalin, but he received everything he had. The story about the abandoned 2nd Shock Army, as shown above, is also a myth.
For comparison, we can cite the fate of another general who survived the Myasny Bor disaster.
Ivan Mikhailovich Antyufeev, commander of the 327th Infantry Division, took part in the Battle of Moscow, and then with his unit was transferred to break the siege of Leningrad. The 327th Division achieved the greatest success in the Lyuban operation. Just as the 316th Rifle Division was unofficially called "Panfilovskaya", the 327th Rifle Division received the name "Antyufeevskaya".
Antyufeyev received the rank of major general at the height of the battles near Lyuban, and did not even have time to change his shoulder straps from a colonel to a general, which played a role in his future fate. The division commander also remained in the “cauldron” and was wounded on July 5 while trying to escape.
The Nazis, having captured the officer, tried to persuade him to cooperate, but were refused. At first he was kept in a camp in the Baltic states, but then someone reported that Antyufeyev was actually a general. He was immediately transferred to a special camp.
When it became known that he was the commander of the best division of Vlasov’s army, the Germans began to rub their hands. It seemed to them self-evident that Antyufeyev would follow the path of his boss. But even having met Vlasov face to face, the general refused the offer to cooperate with the Germans.
Antyufeyev was presented with a fabricated interview in which he declared his readiness to work for Germany. They explained to him that now for the Soviet leadership he is an undoubted traitor. But here, too, the general answered “no.”
General Antyufeyev stayed in the concentration camp until April 1945, when he was liberated by American troops. He returned to his homeland and was reinstated in the Soviet Army. In 1946, General Antyufeyev was awarded the Order of Lenin. He retired from the army in 1955 due to illness.
But it’s a strange thing - the name of General Antyufeyev, who remained faithful to the oath, is known only to amateurs military history, while everyone knows about General Vlasov.
“He had no convictions - he had ambition”
So why did Vlasov make the choice that he did? Maybe because what he loved most in life was fame and career growth. Suffering in captivity did not promise lifetime glory, not to mention comfort. And Vlasov stood, as he thought, on the side of the strong.
Let us turn to the opinion of a person who knew Andrei Vlasov. Writer and journalist Ilya Erenburg met with the general at the peak of his career, in the midst of his successful battle near Moscow. Here is what Ehrenburg wrote about Vlasov years later: “Of course, someone else’s soul is dark; nevertheless, I dare to state my guesses. Vlasov is not Brutus or Prince Kurbsky, it seems to me that everything was much simpler. Vlasov wanted to complete the task assigned to him; he knew that Stalin would congratulate him again, he would receive another order, rise to prominence, and amaze everyone with his art of interrupting quotes from Marx with Suvorov jokes. It turned out differently: the Germans were stronger, the army was again surrounded. Vlasov, wanting to save himself, changed his clothes. When he saw the Germans, he was afraid: a simple soldier could be killed on the spot. Once captured, he began to think about what to do. He knew political literacy well, admired Stalin, but he had no convictions - he had ambition. He understood that his military career was over. If the Soviet Union wins, at best he will be demoted. So, there is only one thing left: accept the Germans’ offer and do everything so that Germany wins. Then he will be the commander-in-chief or minister of war of a ripped-off Russia under the auspices of the victorious Hitler. Of course, Vlasov never said that to anyone, he declared on the radio that he had long hated the Soviet system, that he longed to “liberate Russia from the Bolsheviks,” but he himself gave me a proverb: “Every Fedorka has his own excuses.”... Bad people is everywhere, it doesn't depend on anything political system, nor from upbringing.”
General Vlasov was mistaken - betrayal did not bring him back to the top. On August 1, 1946, in the courtyard of Butyrka prison, Andrei Vlasov, stripped of his title and awards, was hanged for treason.
Stalin's falcon...
Vlasov Andrey Andreevich (1901, village of Lomakino, Nizhny Novgorod province - 1946) - Soviet military leader, creator of the "Russian Liberation Army" (ROA) in fascist captivity. Born into a middle-class peasant family. After rural school, he graduated from theological school in Nizhny Novgorod. He studied at the theological seminary for two years “with the rights of a heterodox, that is, not a spiritual title.” In 1917, after the October Revolution, he entered the Nizhny Novgorod United labor school, and in 1919 - to the Nizhny Novgorod State University at the Faculty of Agronomy, where he studied until May 1920, when he was drafted into the Red Army. He graduated from command courses and in 1920 - 1922 participated in battles with the White Guards on the Southern Front. Since 1922, Vlasov held command and staff positions, and taught. In 1929 he graduated from the Higher Army Command Courses. In 1930 he joined the CPSU(b). In 1935 he became a student at the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze. In 1937 - 1938 he was a member of the military tribunal in the Leningrad and Kiev military districts and, as Vlasov himself wrote, “he always stood firmly on the general line of the party and always fought for it.” Thus, while inspecting the 99th Infantry Division, Vlasov found out that its commander had studied Wehrmacht combat tactics, which Vlasov reported in his report. The division commander was arrested, and Vlasov was appointed in his place. In 1938 - 1939, Vlasov was part of a group of military advisers in China, received from Chiang Kai-Shek the Order of the Golden Dragon and three suitcases of gifts selected by employees NKVD as visible evidence of his foreign activities. In 1940, Vlasov, with the rank of major general, commanded a division and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In January 1941, Vlasov was appointed commander of the 4th Mechanized Corps of the Kyiv Military District, and a month later he was awarded the Order of Lenin.
The war for Vlasov began near Lvov, where he commanded a mechanized corps. For his skillful actions he received gratitude and was appointed commander of the 37th Army, which defended Kyiv. After fierce battles, scattered formations of this army managed to break through to the east, and Vlasov himself was wounded and ended up in the hospital. In November 1941 Stalin summoned Vlasov and ordered him to form the 20th Army. For the successful leadership of this army, Vlasov received the rank of lieutenant general and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. G.K. Zhukov assessed Vlasov’s actions as follows: “Personally, Lieutenant General Vlasov is well prepared operationally and has organizational skills. He copes well with command and control of troops.” In February 1942, Vlasov was awarded the Order of Lenin. In March 1942, he was appointed deputy commander of the Volkhov Front, created to disrupt the Nazi offensive on Leningrad and the subsequent counterattack. This time, Vlasov’s actions were unsuccessful, and he was sent to command the 2nd Shock Army, which fought heavy defensive battles. Because of miscalculations high command, almost without food and ammunition, the army suffered huge losses from superior enemy forces. The remnants of the army, who managed to break out of encirclement, fell under the repressive purge of military security officers, which gave rise to the legend of the 2nd Army surrendering. Vlasov, abandoning his troops, tried to escape on July 11, 1942 in the village of Tukhovezhi Leningrad region surrendered to the Germans.
While in the Vinnitsa military camp for captured senior officers, Vlasov agreed to cooperate with the Wehrmacht and proposed creating an armed formation (ROA) from Russian prisoners so that they would not feel like traitors. Vlasov was indignant when he learned about the order Stalin, who declared him a traitor: “No, just think how people are valued in the Soviet country. Not a penny of merit! Dozens of years of blameless service, and after capture, for which I am completely innocent and about the circumstances of which I am ready to report, they rushed to produce me With us, everything is possible, but they can even be declared an enemy of the people. wooden post". Vlasov signed a leaflet calling for the overthrow of the Stalinist regime and to unite in a liberation army under his, Vlasov, leadership. Vlasov also wrote an open letter “Why did I take the path of fighting Bolshevism.” Leaflets were scattered from airplanes at the fronts, and most of all distributed in among prisoners of war. Hitler was against the creation of the ROA and changed his mind only in September 1944, when the situation of the fascists on the Eastern Front sharply worsened. Most of those who joined the ROA were prisoners of war, for whom this step was the only way to save their lives. The Vlasovites fought. with despair, because in the event of defeat by the Soviet Army, they were expected to face reprisals from both the Germans and their own.
When the defeat fascist Germany It became obvious that Vlasov unsuccessfully tried to obtain political asylum in Switzerland. He also failed to transfer parts of the ROA to the Anglo-American zone for surrender. Soviet intelligence discovered the location of Vlasov's headquarters, and he and his inner circle were arrested. For some time, Vlasov hoped for a pardon, because... stated that thanks to his activities, hundreds of thousands of Russian prisoners of war remained alive. At closed meetings of the Military Collegium without lawyers and witnesses, all defendants, including Vlasov, admitted their guilt and were sentenced to death penalty by hanging and executed. A.N. Kolesnik convincingly showed: “The appearance of the Vlasovites is ambiguous: among them there were low traitors to their people - Cains, for whom there can be no forgiveness; there were those who were mistaken, and those who were sincerely obsessed with the idea of confronting the “Red Terror”. Evil begets even greater evil - this is the truth. But we "We must understand one thing: there is nothing worse than fratricide, especially in alliance with the fascists, which cannot be justified by any ideas."
Book materials used: Shikman A.P. Figures of Russian history. Biographical reference book. Moscow, 1997
...And Hitler's
Vlasov Andrey Andreevich (1.9.1900, village of Lomakino, Nizhny Novgorod province - 1.8.1946, Moscow), leader of the “Russian liberation movement”. The son of a wealthy peasant. He studied at the Faculty of Agronomy of Nizhny Novgorod University. In May 1920 he was mobilized into the Red Army; participant in the Civil War in the South of Russia, participated in punitive operations against Ukrainian rebels. He received his education at the 24 Nizhny Novgorod short-term infantry command courses (1920), at the Higher Infantry Courses “Vystrel” (1929), at the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze (1935). In 1920-29 he served in the 9th Don Rifle Division, commanded a platoon, a company, led a regimental school, commanded a rifle battalion, and served as chief of staff of the 14th Smolensk Regiment. In 1930 he joined the CPSU(b). Since November 1930, a teacher of tactics and assistant to the head of the educational department of the Leningrad United School named after. V.I. Lenin. From Feb. 1933 in leadership positions at the headquarters of the Leningrad Military District. From July 1937, commander of the 215th, then 133rd Infantry Regiment, head of the 2nd Department of the Kyiv Military District Headquarters. From Sept. 1938 commander of the 72nd Infantry Division. In Oct. 1938 sent to China as a military adviser to the operations department of the Chinese army of Chiang Kai-shek. In November 1939 he returned to the USSR and in January. 1940 was appointed commander of the 99th Infantry Division. V.'s division was recognized as one of the best in the Red Army, for which V. received the Order of Lenin in 1940. From Jan. 1941 commanded the IV Mechanized Corps. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War participated in the battles during the defense of Kyiv, where he commanded the 37th Army of the Southwestern Front (Aug.-Sept. 1941). In the fall of 1941 he managed to break out of encirclement with army units. On November 20, 1941 he was appointed commander of the 20th Army; participant in the defense of Moscow. On January 24, 1942 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In March 1942, V. was appointed deputy commander of the Volkhov Front, at the same time he was entrusted with the leadership of units of the 2nd Shock Army, which was thrown into battle “on wheels”, in fact not ready to conduct military operations. The last rank in the Red Army was lieutenant general (January 24, 1942). In 1942, the army of V., left by the command without support, was surrounded and was virtually destroyed. V. himself was handed over by local residents to a patrol of the 18th German Army on July 12, 1942 in the village of Tukhovichi. On Sept. 1944, with the support of the Wehrmacht and SS command, began the formation of the Russian Liberation Army (ROA) from captured Soviet soldiers, which, although fully supported by the Wehrmacht, was still considered not part of the German armed forces, but an army allied to Germany. On November 14, 1944, with the sanction of Reichsführer SS G. Himmler, he announced the creation of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR), which declared its goal to eliminate the communist regime in the USSR. At the same time, the ROA was transformed into the Armed Forces of the KONR (AF KONR). In 1944-45, units of the ROA took part in battles against Soviet troops. By the end of the war, 2 divisions operated as part of the ROA under the command of V. (total of about 50 thousand people). He tried to bring parts of the ROA to the West to avoid Soviet captivity. V. himself on May 12, 1945 (together with several leaders of KONR) was captured as a result of an operation by the Soviet special services. 25.7-1.8.1946 in Moscow the process of the Military Collegium took place Supreme Court USSR in the ROA case. V., I.A. Blagoveshchensky, S.K. appeared before the court. Bunyachenko, G.N. Zhilenkov, D.E. Zakutny, G.A. Zverev, V.D Korbukov, V.F. Malyshkin, V.I. Maltsev, M.A. Meandrov, F.I. Trukhin, N.S. Shatov. All are sentenced to death. Hanged.
Book material used: Zalessky K.A. Who was who in the Second World War. Allies of Germany. Moscow, 2003
Was hanged...
Vlasov Andrey Andreevich b. 1(14).9.1901 in the village. Lomakino is now Nizhny Novgorod region. In the Red Army since 1920. Participant in the Civil War, platoon and company commander. After graduating from infantry courses in 1920, he successively held the following positions: platoon commander, company commander, head of a regimental school, battalion commander, teacher, assistant head of the combat training department of the district headquarters, head of the training department for military translator courses of the intelligence department of the district headquarters, regiment commander, head of the headquarters department military district, division commander. In 1929 he graduated from the “Shot” course. In 1938 - 1939 was a military adviser in China, upon his return he commanded a division and corps. During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded a corps, an army, and was deputy front commander. Lieutenant General (1942). In July 1942, as commander of the 2nd Shock Army, he voluntarily surrendered. He was active in anti-Soviet activities, formed the Russian Liberation Army, and was its commander. In May 1945 he was captured, on August 1, 1946, by the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, he was executed by hanging.
Materials used from the book: On the eve of the war. Materials of the meeting of the senior management of the Red Army on December 23-31, 1940. Electronic version of the text from the site militera.lib.ru/docs/da/sov-1940/index.html
The most famous... traitor
VLASOV Andrey Andreevich (1900-1946). Lieutenant General, Chairman of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the KONR. Founder and commander-in-chief of the Russian Liberation Army (ROA). Born in the village. Lomakino, Nizhny Novgorod province, in a large peasant family, the thirteenth child. After rural school, he graduated from theological school in Nizhny Novgorod. He studied at the theological seminary for two years. After the October Revolution, he entered the Nizhny Novgorod Unified Labor School, and in 1919 - the Nizhny Novgorod State University at the Faculty of Agronomy, where he studied until May 1920, when he was drafted into the Red Army. In 1920-1922 studied at command courses, participated in battles with the White Guards on the Southern Front. From 1922 to 1928, Vlasov held command positions in the Don Division. After graduating from the Higher Army Rifle Courses named after. Comintern (1929) taught at the Leningrad School of Tactics named after. V.I. Lenin. In 1930 he joined the CPSU(b). Graduated in 1933 higher courses command staff "Vystrel". In 1933-1937 served in the Leningrad Military District. In 1937-1938 was a member of the military tribunal in the Leningrad and Kiev military districts and, as he himself wrote, “always stood firmly on the general line of the party and always fought for it.” From April 1938 - assistant commander of the 72nd Infantry Division. In the fall of 1938, he was sent as a military adviser to China (under the pseudonym “Volkov”). Since May 1939 - chief military adviser. Chiang Kai-shek was awarded the Order of the Golden Dragon and a gold watch.
Since January 1940, Vlasov, with the rank of major general, commanded the 99th division, which in a short time he turned into the best of all three hundred divisions of the Red Army. The newspaper "Red Star" in a series of articles (September 23-25, 1940) glorified the division, noting the high combat training of the personnel and the skillful demands of the command. These articles were studied during political classes throughout the Red Army. The outstanding achievements of General Vlasov were especially emphasized. People's Commissar Timoshenko awarded the division commander a gold watch. Later, Stalin himself ordered that Vlasov be awarded the Order of Lenin (February 1941), and the 99th Division with the Challenge Red Banner of the Red Army. During the war, the division was the first of all to receive the order (Strizhkov Yu.K. Heroes of Przemysl. M, 1969).
In January 1941, Vlasov was appointed commander of the 4th Mechanized Corps of the Kyiv Special Military District. The war for Vlasov began near Lvov. For his skillful actions in escaping the encirclement, he received gratitude and was appointed commander of the 37th Army, which defended Kyiv. As you know, the entire Kiev group (five armies, about 600 thousand people) was surrounded. After fierce fighting, scattered formations of the 37th Army managed to break through to the east, and the soldiers carried the wounded army commander in their arms.
On November 8, 1941, after a reception with Stalin, he was appointed commander of the 20th Army of the Western Front. Under his command, the 20th Army distinguished itself in the December offensive near Moscow and liberated Volokolamsk and Solnechnogorsk. In January 1942, Vlasov was awarded the rank of lieutenant general and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. G.K. Zhukov, who had supported Vlasov since 1940, gave him the following description: “Personally, Lieutenant General Vlasov is operationally well prepared and has organizational skills. He copes well with commanding troops.”
On March 9, 1942, he was appointed deputy commander of the Volkhov Front. The front was created by Headquarters for the liberation of Leningrad in December 1941. After the evacuation of the wounded commander of the 2nd Shock Army, Vlasov was appointed to his post (April 16, 1942).
The 2nd Shock Army was surrounded back in January 1942 as a result, mainly, of the incompetent actions of the Headquarters of the High Command. In turn, front commander K.A. Meretskov, who had only recently been released by Stalin from the dungeons of the NKVD (and miraculously survived), was afraid to report to the Kremlin about the real situation at the front. Almost without food and ammunition, and without means of communication, the 2nd strike suffered huge losses. In the end, in June 1942, Vlasov gave the order to break through to his own in small groups.
On the evening of July 13, 1942, near the village. Tukhovezhi, Leningrad region, Vlasov fell asleep in some barn, where he was taken prisoner: apparently, the peasants reported on him (Shtrik-Shtrikfeldt V. Against Stalin and Hitler. General Vlasov and the Russian liberation movement. M., 1993. P. 106 ). While in the Vinnitsa military camp for captured officers, he agreed to cooperate with the Wehrmacht and lead the Russian anti-Stalinist movement.
In response to Stalin’s order, which declared him a traitor, Vlasov signed a leaflet calling for the overthrow of the Stalinist regime and to unite in a liberation army under his, Vlasov’s, leadership. The general also wrote an open letter “Why I took the path of fighting Bolshevism.” Leaflets were scattered from airplanes at the fronts and distributed among prisoners of war. On December 27, 1942, Vlasov signed the so-called Smolensk Declaration, in which he outlined the goals of the Vlasov movement. In mid-April 1943, Vlasov visited Riga, Pskov, Gatchina, Ostrov, where he spoke to residents of the occupied areas. Until July 1944, Vlasov enjoyed strong support from German officers opposed to Hitler (Count Stauffenberg and others). In September 1944, he was received by Himmler, the chief of the SS, who was initially against the use of Vlasov, but, aware of the threat of defeat, in search of available reserves, agreed to the creation of formations of the Armed Forces of the KONR under the leadership of Vlasov. On November 14, 1944, the Prague Manifesto, the main program document of the Vlasov movement, was proclaimed. Vlasov was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian Liberation Army (ROA) he created. Hitler was against the creation of the ROA and changed his mind only in September 1944, when the position of the Nazis on the Eastern Front deteriorated catastrophically. Most of the prisoners of war joined the ROA in order to save their lives and not die in the camps. In February 1945, the first ROA division was formed, then the second1. However, the Vlasovites did not actually fight on the Eastern Front - Hitler ordered all Russians and other national formations of the German army to be sent to the Western Front. Many soldiers and officers of such units voluntarily surrendered to the Americans and British. On April 14, 1945, the 1st ROA Division was ordered to hold back the Red Army advance on the Oder, but the division, ignoring the order, moved south into Czechoslovakia. At the beginning of May 1945, responding to a call for help from the rebels of Prague, this division helped the rebels disarm parts of the German garrison. Having learned about the approach of Marshal Konev's tanks, the division, leaving Prague, headed west to surrender to the Americans. On April 27, 1945, Vlasov rejected the offer of the Spanish diplomats of General Franco to emigrate to Spain. On May 11, 1945, he surrendered to the Americans at Schlosselburg Castle, and on May 12, he was unexpectedly captured in a headquarters column by SMERSH officers of the 162nd Tank Brigade of the 25th Tank Corps. At closed meetings of the Military Collegium (May 1945 - April 1946), without lawyers and witnesses, he gave extensive testimony about his activities, but did not admit himself guilty of treason. This behavior of his (and some other Vlasovites) did not allow an open trial to be held against them. The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, headed by General of Justice V.V. Ulrich was sentenced to death by hanging. Executed on the night of August 1, 1946 (Izvestia. 1946. August 2). According to some reports, the remains were buried in Moscow at the Donskoye Cemetery.
The Vlasovites who failed to escape were extradited by the allies to SMERSH in the period 1945-1947.
The fate of General Vlasov continues to cause heated debate. Many agree with the official condemnation of him as a traitor, others consider Vlasov one of the countless victims of the Stalinist regime. He could have become a hero if he had shot himself - remember General Samsonov, commander of the 2nd Shock Army in the First World War, who, having been surrounded in 1914 in a similar situation in the forests East Prussia, committed suicide. After a long ban, the name of Vlasov appeared in the Russian press (Kolesnik A.N. General Vlasov - traitor or hero? M., 1991; Palchikov P.A. The story of General Vlasov // New and recent history. 1993. No. 2; Solzhenitsyn A. The GULAG Archipelago. M., 1993; Vronskaya Doc. Traitors? // Capital. 1991. No. 22; Trushnovich Ya.A. Russians in Yugoslavia and Germany, 1941-1945 // New sentry. 1994. No. 2. pp. 160-161; Tolstoy N. Victims of Yalta. M., 1995).
Notes
1) At the end of April 1945, Lieutenant General A.A. Vlasov had under his command the Armed Forces in the following composition: 1st Division, Major General S.K. Bunyachenko (22,000 people), 2nd division of Major General G.A. Zverev (13,000 people), 3rd Division of Major General M.M. Shapovalova (not armed, there was only a headquarters and 10,000 volunteers), reserve brigade of Colonel ST. Koids (7000 people), General Maltsev's Air Force (5000 people), VET division, officer school, auxiliary units, Russian Corps of Major General B.A. Shteifon (4500 people), Cossack camp of Major General T.I. Domanova (8000 people), group of Major General A.V. Turkul (5200 people), 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps of Lieutenant General H. von Panwitz (more than 40,000 people), Cossack reserve regiment of General A.G. . Shkuro (more than 10,000 people) and several small formations of less than 1,000 people; in total more than 130,000 people, however, these units were scattered at a considerable distance from each other, which became one of the main factors in their tragic fate (Trushnovich Y.A. Russians in Yugoslavia and Germany, 1941-1945 // New Watch. 1994. No. 2. pp. 155-156).
Book materials used: Torchinov V.A., Leontyuk A.M. Around Stalin. Historical and biographical reference book. St. Petersburg, 2000
Vlasov Andrey Andreevich (Volkov) - born September 1, 1901 in the village. Lomakino, Pokrovsky volost, Sernachevsky district, Nizhny Novgorod province, in a peasant family. Russian. In 1919 he graduated from the 1st year of the agronomic faculty of Nizhny Novgorod State University. In the Red Army since 1920. Member of the Russian Communist Party (b) since 1930. Graduated from the Nizhny Novgorod infantry courses (1920), the highest rifle and tactical advanced training courses for the command staff of the Red Army named after. Comintern (1929). He held various positions from platoon commander to head of the 2nd department of the Leningrad Military District headquarters. From January 1936 - major, from August 16, 1937 - colonel. At the end of October 1938 he was sent to China as a military adviser. Served in Chongqing. Until February 1939, he trained at the headquarters of the chief military adviser (divisional commander A. Cherepanov). He gave lectures to officials of the Chinese army and gendarmerie on the tactics of rifle units. From February 1939, he served as an adviser to the headquarters of Marshal Yan Xi-shan, who headed the 2nd military region (Shanxi Province) and later joined the bloc for joint actions against the “Red Peril.” In August 1939, “for violating the norms of behavior of a Soviet communist abroad” he was transferred to the border regions of Mongolia. On November 3, 1939 he returned to the USSR. After China, he held the positions of commander of the 72nd and 99th rifle divisions of KOVO. From 02/28/1940 - brigade commander, from 06/5/1940 - major general. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. From January 17, 1941 - commander of the 4th mechanized corps of KOVO. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was surrounded with parts of his corps. After leaving, he was appointed commander of the 37th Army of the Southwestern Front. I was surrounded again. After his release and appropriate verification, he was appointed commander of the 20th Army, with which he took part in the defense of Moscow. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. From January 24, 1942 - Lieutenant General. Later he served as deputy commander of the Volkhov Front and commander of the 2nd Shock Army. On July 12, emerging from encirclement, he was captured. After interrogations and conversations with representatives of the German command, he agreed to cooperate with the Germans. Became the organizer of the Russian Liberation Army (ROA). At the end of 1944, he headed the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR) and became commander of the KONR Armed Forces. In May 1945, he was arrested by Soviet authorities and taken to Moscow. On the night of August 1, 1946, he was hanged by the verdict of the All-Russian Military Commission of the USSR.
Materials from the book Russian Volunteers by A. Okorokov were used. M., 2007.
Literature:
Alexandrov K.M. Officer Corps of the Army of Lieutenant General A.A. Vlasova. Biographical reference book. / Information center "BLITZ". St. Petersburg, 2001.
Kolesnik A.N. General Vlasov - traitor or hero? M., 1991;
Palchikov P.A. The story of General Vlasov // New and recent history. 1993. N 2.
Shtrik-Shtrikfelt V. Against Hitler and Staln. General Vlasov and the Russian Liberation Movement. Sowing, 1993.
Vronskaya Doc. Traitors? // Capital. 1991. No. 22;
Trushnovich Ya.A. Russians in Yugoslavia and Germany, 1941-1945 // New sentry. 1994. No. 2. pp. 160-161;
Tolstoy N. Victims of Yalta. M., 1995
Read further:
On the eve of the war. Materials of the meeting of the senior management of the Red Army on December 23-31, 1940. Vlasov A. A., Major General, commander of the 99th Infantry Division, Kiev Special Military District
[Vlasovs]
Events
OK. September 14, 1901? baptism: Lomakino, Pokrovskaya volost, Sergach district, Nizhny Novgorod province, Russian Empire
Notes
Andrey Andreevich Vlasov (September 14, 1901, the village of Lomakino, Nizhny Novgorod province, Russian Empire- August 1, 1946, Moscow, RSFSR, USSR) - Soviet military leader(Lieutenant General), participant in the Battle of Moscow. He commanded the 2nd Shock Army and during the Lyuban offensive operation in 1942 he was captured by the Germans and began collaborating with the leadership of the Third Reich against the USSR, becoming the head of a military organization of collaborators from Soviet prisoners of war and emigrants - the Russian Liberation Army (ROA). Leader of the Russian liberation movement, Chairman of the Presidium of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (1944-1945), Commander-in-Chief of the ROA (January 28 - May 12, 1945). In 1945 he was captured by the Red Army, in 1946 he was convicted on charges of treason, and was deprived of his military ranks, state awards and executed.
The idea of creating a museum in the village is controversial.
We were proud of Vlasov - after all, he was a hero Chinese war, says Alexander Sharov, a native of the village of Lomakino, a veteran and holder of the Order of the Patriotic War. - In 1940, he came and performed for us at the club. No one could have thought then that Vlasov would turn out to be a traitor!
In the 90s, his relatives applied for Vlasov’s posthumous rehabilitation, but they were refused. What kind of museum could there be for a traitor to the Motherland?! - Sharov is indignant.
The outbreak of the civil war found him at an infantry course for Red Army commanders in Nizhny Novgorod. As part of the regular troops of the Red Army, he was destined to experience a lot of hardships in battles on the Wrangel front, in campaigns against the bands of Father Makhno, Maslak, Kamenyuk, Popov. And then, returning home, Andrei Andreevich married Anna Mikhailovna Voronina, his fellow countryman.
This is what the general’s 74-year-old great-niece, Nina Baranova, tells reporters from a Nizhny Novgorod publication about this marriage.
When Andrei Andreevich became a general and even got married, his wife, Anna Mikhailovna, nee Voronina, began to manage him, says Nina Mikhailovna. - He loved her very much. By the way, the wedding took place in Lomakino even before the war. We walked like a village, on a grand scale. First, a bachelorette party, a drinking binge. According to the old village tradition, the bride was presented with several pieces of soap as a gift. They didn’t have children, apparently, it wasn’t fate. Anna had her first abortion and never became pregnant after that. By the way, her fate was very difficult. In 1943, she was arrested as the wife of a traitor to the Motherland and sent to camps. After the war, she lived and wandered around the barracks and sheds. I went shopping, killed rats and mice, and collected empty bottles. They say she's still alive...
It must be said that over the years of their life together, Vlasov managed to distance himself from his wife. This was greatly facilitated by Andrei Andreevich’s work in China (he was a military adviser to Chiang Kai Shek), where, according to some sources, he had an affair with the wife of a Chinese military leader, and then with a very young Chinese woman.
Soon Andrei Vlasov found a replacement for his wife. She became Agnessa Pavlovna Podmazenko, a young graduate of the Kharkov Medical Institute. Apparently, the general himself lived with a female military doctor in a civil marriage: it is unlikely that the military commander then had time to deal with divorce proceedings. In the summer and autumn of 1941, troops under the command of General Vlasov successfully repelled frontal attacks by German units on the approaches to Kyiv. However, soon, as a result of the enemy’s tactical maneuver, the Vlasov army found itself in operational encirclement.
Later, during interrogation by the NKVD, Agnessa Pavlovna spoke in detail about how at one time she, together with General Vlasov, got out of the German “cauldron”. They left the encirclement on foot and in small groups. It should be noted that the commander of the 37th Army found his way to his people thanks to his nurse lover. It was Podmazenko, and not Vlasov, who scouted the road, got food and civilian clothing for herself and Andrei Andreevich, and learned about the location of the fascist units along their route. Of course, they came across enemies along the way, but it never occurred to any of them that they were seeing a famous Soviet general in front of them.
Podmazenko also argued that then, in the fall of 1941, Vlasov was still far from betrayal. The general firmly believed in the victory of the Soviet army and, risking his life, never parted with his party card.
At the very beginning of November 1941, Vlasov and Podmazenko, having passed through the Kyiv, Poltava and Kharkov regions occupied by the Germans in two and a half months, finally united with Soviet units in the Kursk region. Soon something happened that can be called, without exaggeration, the pinnacle of Vlasov’s career in the Soviet Army. For the defense of Moscow, Andrei Andreevich received the 2nd Order of Lenin and the rank of lieutenant general. Pregnant Agnessa Pavlovna stayed with Andrei Andreevich in the army until the end of January 1942, and then was sent to the rear and gave birth to a son, naming him Andrei in honor of his father. Then she had no idea that she was breaking up with Vlasov forever.
Vlasov was born in the village of Lopukhino, Gaginsky district, Nizhny Novgorod province. The general's father, Andrei Vladimirovich, had three children: the eldest Ivan, daughter Evdokia and the youngest Andrei. Andrei Vladimirovich enjoyed great respect in the village. Therefore, he was elected to a very honorable position - church warden. But he was actually a middle peasant farmer. The eldest son Ivan died on the fronts of the First World War. Andrei Vladimirovich pinned all his hopes on the youngest, Andrei, who entered the theological seminary. But after the October Revolution, he left it and became a student at the Faculty of Agriculture of Nizhny Novgorod State University. From there he went to the Red Army.
Every year Andrei Andreevich came to visit his parents. His fellow countrymen were proud of him, they loved him for his modesty, despite his rank as a general, and his sincerity. Vlasov did not have his own children. And he gave all his love to his nephews. During these visits, he became convinced once again of the anti-people nature of the regime that existed at that time. He wrote about this in the summer of 1942 in his letter entitled “Why I took the path of fighting Bolshevism.” It said, in particular: “...I did not break ties with my family, with my village, and I knew what and how a peasant lived. And so I saw that nothing of what the Russian people fought for during the civil war , as a result of the Bolshevik victory, I saw how hard life was for the Russian worker, how the peasant was driven into collective farms, how millions of Russian people disappeared without trial or investigation. I saw that everything Russian was being trampled underfoot.
Andryukhin and Kornilov add to this that this was a time when the peasant was turned into a serf slave without any civil rights. This was a time when the very word “Russia” was banned, and the concept of “Russian patriot” could land you in the camp under Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR.
It is known that these processes did not pass by Vlasov and played a certain role in the formation of his worldview. Andrei Andreevich was a courageous man. The authors I mentioned learned that, unlike many military leaders (for example, Marshal Vasilevsky), he did not renounce his father, who was a church warden and a deeply religious man. For those in power, such a relative fell under the classification of “enemy of the people.” According to the recollections of the niece of the leader of the ROD, Valentina Karabaeva, Vlasov was a deeply religious man and in the breast pocket of his jacket he wore an icon given to him by his mother. And when he left on vacation, he always asked his parents to bless him. Valentina Vladimirovna Karabaeva told about the fate of all the general’s relatives. Vlasov's father died before he was captured. In 1943, sister Evdokia died. Therefore, they avoided the terrible fate of the rest of the family.
Vlasov’s first wife, nee Anna Mikhailovna Voronina, also from the village of Lopukhino, was arrested and served 5 years. After her release, she did not return to her native place. Her traces were lost. The general’s stepmother, whom Vlasov’s father married after the death of his first wife, was arrested. She served her 5 years in Gorky prison. Other relatives were not touched.
In a conversation with Prospekt correspondents, Nina Mikhailovna, without knowing it, revealed sensational news. In her opinion, Andrei Vlasov was not hanged in Leningrad according to the verdict. Instead of her great-uncle, a stranger ascended the scaffold. "After the war, I went to Leningrad, where I met with Hero Soviet Union pilot Alexei Pokryshkin,” she says. - Pokryshkin was a distant relative of Aunt Valya’s husband, Andrei Vlasov’s niece. Alexey Ivanovich said that he went with his wife Alexandra to the public execution of the Vlasovites. So he claimed that instead of Andrei’s godfather, they executed some little man, probably a jailer. Pokryshkin knew Vlasov well and met him more than once. And he was sure that it was not him who was hanged. And in Lomakino no one believed in Vlasov’s execution: good people, they say, they don’t kill. And one of our collective farmers, Pyotr Vasilievich Ryabinin, also from Lomakinsky, after the war often went to see his daughter on Far East- trade in tobacco. One day, his daughter Nastya took him to an amateur concert. And suddenly Ryabinin saw that Andrei Vlasov came on stage to play the accordion. He shouted: “Andrey! I’m Lomakinsky, I’m here!” The artist turned pale, crumpled up the end of the performance and ran away. My fellow countryman ran to look for him behind the scenes, but did not find him. Then he told me and Aunt Valya that he immediately recognized Andrey as soon as he played the instrument. And he sang his favorite song then... In general, I believe that Vlasov was not executed after the war, he remained alive. I am sure that after the war, godfather Andrei lived for a long time under a different name and died a natural death.
(1900-1946) Russian military leader
During the war years and especially in post-war period, the word “Vlasovite” has become synonymous with the word “traitor”. However, time puts everything in its place, and now it is obvious that the personality and fate of Andrei Andreevich Vlasov is far from so clear. Many still agree with his official condemnation; others, on the contrary, support the recent review of his case. How did Vlasov’s fate really turn out?
Andrei Vlasov was born into a peasant family in the village of Lomkino near Nizhny Novgorod. He was the thirteenth child in the family, but he was lucky: he studied well at the parish school and therefore was sent to the theological seminary, as they said then, “with worldly money.” True, Vlasov did not become a priest since the revolution began. Like many others, he joined the Red Army, first commanded a company, then, after completing the Red Commanders Course, he received a regiment.
After graduating from the military academy, Andrei Vlasov served in different districts. From 1937 to 1939 he was in China as a military adviser, helping Chiang Kai-shek. For this work Chinese government awarded Vlasov an order, and in the USSR he was awarded the rank of major general.
Upon returning from China, Andrei Vlasov was appointed division commander, and in a short time he made it best connection in the Red Army. High level The training of fighters and the military culture of Vlasov himself were repeatedly noted in certifications by General Georgy Zhukov, under whose command Andrei Vlasov served before the war, in particular, in the Belarusian Military District.
After the start of the Great Patriotic War, Andrei Vlasov organized defense on the approaches to Kyiv. During the Battle of Moscow, his division liberated Volokolamsk and several other cities. In January 1942, Vlasov was appointed commander of the Second Shock Army, and a little later - deputy commander of the Northwestern Front. Vlasov was given the task of breaking the blockade of Leningrad. However, due to poor coordination of actions, the front came under attack from superior German forces. Soviet troops were scattered, and on July 12, 1942, Vlasov was captured. He spent six months in a prisoner of war camp and only in January 1943 announced his decision to cooperate with the Germans “in the fight against the Bolshevik regime.”
Later, Andrei Andreevich Vlasov said that he was prompted to take this step by the desire to help Soviet prisoners, who were in an unbearable situation compared to prisoners from other countries. At first, the German leadership agreed to the conditions proposed by Vlasov: he was allowed to publish an open letter, which was distributed among prisoners of war, and was appointed commander of the Russian Liberation Army.
In the spring of 1943, Andrei Vlasov toured several camps, where he encouraged prisoners of war to join his army. However, the German command soon became convinced of the instability of the new formation. In part, Vlasov himself provoked such an assessment, sometimes making anti-German attacks in his speeches. As a result, already in June 1943, Hitler banned Andrei Vlasov from any activity other than propaganda. Soon, all units formed by Vlasov were transferred to the Western Front to avoid the danger of mass surrender.
From that time on, all of Vlasov’s activities were limited to the publication of two newspapers in Russian: “Zarya” and “Volunteer”. Meanwhile, in 1943 there were more than 400,000 Russians in the German armed forces. It was a force to be reckoned with. Therefore, in the fall of 1944, Andrei Vlasov was finally allowed to publish his political program, resulting in the so-called “Prague Manifesto”. After its publication, the flow of people wishing to join the Russian Liberation Army increased, and soon its number exceeded a million people.
After signing an agreement with the German command on cooperation, where Andrei Andreevich Vlasov was named commander-in-chief of the ROA (Russian Liberation Army), its first division was sent to the Eastern Front. However, under the blows of the Red Army, it was forced to retreat and began a retreat south to Czechoslovakia.
Having come into contact with Allied troops, the division stopped resistance and even took part in supporting the Prague Uprising. When units of the Red Army approached, the Vlasov division began to retreat again to surrender to American troops. The soldiers of Vlasov's army knew that the Red Army troops had received orders to shoot them as voluntarily surrendering to the enemy. Most of the division's soldiers and officers surrendered to American troops and were sent to special camps. They hoped that they would be able to stay in the West. But their hopes were not justified.
According to the agreement between Stalin and the allies, reached during the Yalta Conference, all Vlasovites who surrendered to the allies were handed over to the Red Army and upon arrival in the USSR were imprisoned. Andrei Vlasov himself and his headquarters were captured by the advancing Soviet units. Those arrested were sent to Moscow. On August 2, 1946, an official report about the trial of Vlasov and his eleven closest associates was published in the Soviet press. All of them were sentenced to hang.
In history, Andrei Andreevich Vlasov remained primarily as a tragic figure. Some modern historians are inclined to see in him only a principled opponent of the Stalinist regime.
Traitor Andrei Andreevich Vlasov
The Vlasovites supported the current (and pre-revolutionary) flag of Russia, but the Bolsheviks could not stand it. Which one is right?!
The obvious answer - both... - suits few people. And in the dialectics of history this is so.
And what else did he keep until he returned to the USSR, a party card sewn into his riding breeches?!
And weren’t Vlasov and the “Vlasovites” a special project of L.P. Beria and the corresponding elite groups, just in case?!
After the war, ordinary “Vlasovites” were treated relatively mildly...
The desire for unambiguity in history leads to the fact that some important stories of the Russian past have to be hushed up for the sake of others. There are now thousands of pages of materials and disputes about A.A. Vlasov on the Internet. And there is an increasing desire to approach this – like many others – personality as objectively as possible.
For example, Wikipedia is striving for this.
Vlasov Andrei Andreevich (September 14, 1901, the village of Lomakino, Nizhny Novgorod province - (executed) August 1, 1946, Moscow) - Soviet lieutenant general (since 1942; deprived of his rank by court verdict). On April 20, 1942, he was appointed commander of the 2nd Shock Army, remaining concurrently deputy commander of the Volkhov Front. During the war, he was captured and collaborated with the Germans, becoming the head of a military organization of collaborators from Soviet prisoners of war - the Russian Liberation Army (ROA). Biography
In the Red Army since 1920. After completing the command courses, he took part in battles with the White Guards on the Southern Front. Since 1922, Vlasov held command and staff positions, and was also involved in teaching. In 1929 he graduated from the Higher Army Command Courses. In 1930 he joined the CPSU(b). In 1935 he became a student at the M. V. Frunze Military Academy. Since August 1937, commander of the 133rd Infantry Regiment of the 72nd Infantry Division, and since April 1938, assistant commander of this division. In the fall of 1938, he was sent to China to work as part of a group of military advisers. From May to November 1939 he served as chief military adviser. Awarded the Order of the Golden Dragon.
Speech by A. A. Vlasov at a meeting of the senior command staff of the Red Army in December 1940
The war for Vlasov began near Lvov, where he served as commander of the 4th Mechanized Corps. For his skillful actions he received gratitude and, on the recommendation of N. S. Khrushchev, was appointed commander of the 37th Army, which defended Kyiv. After fierce battles, scattered formations of this army managed to break through to the east, and Vlasov himself was wounded and ended up in the hospital.
Main article: Battle of Moscow (1941-1942)
Zhukov assessed Vlasov’s actions as follows: “Personally, Lieutenant General Vlasov is operationally well prepared and has organizational skills. He copes well with commanding troops.” After the successes near Moscow, A. A. Vlasov, along with other generals of the Red Army, is called the “savior of the capital.” On instructions from the Main Political Directorate, a book is being written about Vlasov called “Stalin’s Commander.” Perhaps a ceremonial portrait was made for this book, which is sometimes found on the Internet (I can’t definitely link it with A.A. Vlasov yet - he didn’t have so many awards). Perhaps they expected his striking successes near Lyuban. The star of the Hero of the Soviet Union has already been drawn...
Main article: Lyuban operation
On March 8, 1942, Lieutenant General A. A. Vlasov was appointed deputy commander of the Volkhov Front. On March 20, 1942, the commander of the Volkhov Front K. A. Meretskov sent his deputy A. A. Vlasov at the head of a special commission to the 2nd Shock Army (Lieutenant General N. K. Klykov). “For three days, members of the commission talked with commanders of all ranks, with political workers, with soldiers,” and on April 8, 1942, having drawn up an inspection report, the commission left, but without General A. A. Vlasov. The suspended (“seriously ill”) General Klykov was sent to the rear by plane on April 16.
(Whoever imagines the swampy terrain where the 2nd shock army was thrown will understand that there was extremely little chance of breaking through the blockade of Leningrad in this direction. And there were, in fact, no one willing to lead such a hopeless operation. The generals tried to shift responsibility to each other. N . K. Klykov fell ill during. As a result, A.A. Vlasov turned out to be the extreme P.Z.).
The question naturally arose: who should be entrusted with leading the troops of the 2nd Shock Army? On the same day, a telephone conversation between A. A. Vlasov and Divisional Commissioner I. V. Zuev took place with Meretskov. Zuev proposed to appoint Vlasov to the post of army commander, and Vlasov - the chief of staff of the army, Colonel P. S. Vinogradov. The Military Council of the [Volkhov] Front supported Zuev's idea. So... Vlasov became commander of the 2nd Shock Army on April 20, 1942 (Monday), while remaining at the same time deputy commander of the [Volkhov] Front. He received troops that were practically no longer capable of fighting, he received an army that had to be saved...
V. Beshanov. Leningrad defense.
During May-June, the 2nd Shock Army under the command of A. A. Vlasov made desperate attempts to break out of the bag.
We will strike from the Polist line at 20 o'clock on June 4. We don’t hear the actions of the troops of the 59th Army from the east, there is no long-range artillery fire.
The commander of the Volkhov operational group, Lieutenant General M. S. Khozin, did not comply with the directives of Headquarters (dated May 21) on the withdrawal of army troops. As a result, the 2nd Shock Army was surrounded, and Khozin himself was removed from office on June 6. The measures taken by the command of the Volkhov Front managed to create a small corridor through which scattered groups of exhausted and demoralized soldiers and commanders emerged. (Normal. M.S. Khozin lived a long and relatively glorious life. Not like the “Vlasovites”: P.Z.).
MILITARY COUNCIL OF THE VOLKHOV FRONT. I report: the army troops have been conducting intense, fierce battles with the enemy for three weeks... The personnel of the troops are exhausted to the limit, the number of deaths is increasing and the incidence of illness from exhaustion is increasing every day. Due to the cross-fire of the army area, the troops suffer heavy losses from artillery fire and enemy aircraft... The combat strength of the formations has sharply decreased. It is no longer possible to replenish it from the rear and special units. Everything that was there was taken. On the sixteenth of June, an average of several dozen people remained in battalions, brigades and rifle regiments. All attempts by the eastern group of the army to break through the corridor from the west were unsuccessful.
VLASOV. ZUEV. Vinogradov.
JUNE 21, 1942. 8 HOURS 10 MINUTES. TO THE HEAD OF THE GSHK. TO THE MILITARY COUNCIL OF THE FRONT. Army troops receive fifty grams of crackers for three weeks. Last days there was absolutely no food. We are finishing off the last horses. People are extremely exhausted. Group mortality from starvation is observed. No ammunition...
VLASOV. ZUEV.
(Eat what you want... The failure of the Lyuban operation is already obvious to the High Command. And Vlasov and Zuev understand who will personally be responsible for this. http://www.fb2book.com/?kniga=23668&strn=52&cht=1
http://www.fb2book.com/?kniga=23668&strn=53&cht=1)
In June, the actions of Vlasov and his officers resembled the actions of the captain of the sinking ship. They were ready to be the last to leave it, just to preserve as much as possible more lives subordinates. Such a soft-spoken policy did not fit into the approaches of Stalin and Zhukov to the lives of thousands and hundreds of thousands of soldiers. The forest is being cut down - the chips are flying...
In this situation, Vlasov came to new worldview conclusions, although at that moment the “native Soviet government” clearly expected one thing from him - if you can’t get out, shoot yourself...
On June 25, the enemy eliminated the corridor. The testimony of various witnesses does not answer the question of where Lieutenant General A. A. Vlasov was hiding for the next three weeks - whether he wandered in the forest or whether there was some kind of reserve command post to which his group made its way. On July 11, 1942, in the Old Believers village of Tukhovezhi, Vlasov was handed over by local residents (according to another version, he surrendered himself) to a patrol of the 28th Infantry Regiment of the 18th Wehrmacht Army.
“Commanding the troops of the 2nd Shock Army and ending up in the mountains. Lyuban surrounded German troops, I betrayed my Motherland. This was a consequence of the fact that, starting from 1937, I was hostile to the policies of the Soviet government, believing that the gains of the Russian people during the Civil War by the Bolsheviks were nullified. I perceived the failures of the Red Army during the war with Germany as the result of inept leadership of the country and was convinced of the defeat of the Soviet Union. I was sure that the interests of the Russian people were brought by Stalin and the Soviet government to please the Anglo-American capitalists. While surrounded by the enemy, my anti-Soviet sentiments worsened even more and, not wanting to fight for interests alien to me, on July 13, 1942, taking advantage of the arrival of the Germans in the village where I was, I voluntarily surrendered to them as a prisoner.” http://www.fb2book.com/?kniga=23668&strn=53&cht=1
Of those who went out with Vlasov, Major General M.A. was captured. Beleshev, commander of the Air Force of the 2nd Shock Army (what kind of air force is there already?!), and commander of the 46th Infantry Division, Colonel F.E. Black.
Head of the Special Department of the NKVD of the 2nd Shock Army A.G. Shashkov was wounded on the night of June 24-25 and shot himself (perhaps Vlasov would have shot himself if wounded). Divisional Commissioner I.V. Zuev will die a few days later, having run into a German patrol (there are other versions of his death). Chief of Staff of the 2nd Shock Army P.S. Vinogradov died, deputy. Commander P.F. Alferyev went missing and apparently also died.
At the same time, it is worth remembering that the policies of Vlasov and his circle still saved some people.
In total, 13,018 people emerged from the encirclement, despite the fact that on June 1, the 2nd Shock Army had, according to the lists of units and formations, 40,157 personnel (6 rifle brigades and 8 rifle divisions).
Of the 27,139 people who remained surrounded, most died in battle with the enemies, and some surrendered. http://www.fb2book.com/?kniga=23668&strn=53&cht=1
German captivity and collaboration with the Germans. Main article: Vlasovites
Wikisource has texts on the topic
Open letter “Why I took the path of fighting Bolshevism”
While in the Vinnitsa military camp for captured senior officers, Vlasov agreed to cooperate with the Nazis and headed the “Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia” (KONR) and the “Russian Liberation Army” (ROA), composed of captured Soviet military personnel.
Vlasov wrote an open letter “Why I took the path of fighting Bolshevism.” In addition, he signed leaflets calling for the overthrow of the Stalinist regime, which were subsequently distributed Nazi army from airplanes at the fronts, and were also distributed among prisoners of war. External video files
Speech by General Vlasov in Prague, November 14, 1944.
At the beginning of May 1945, a conflict arose between Vlasov and Bunyachenko - Bunyachenko intended to support the Prague Uprising, and Vlasov persuaded him not to do this and remain on the side of the Germans. At the negotiations in North Bohemian Kozoedy they did not reach an agreement and their paths diverged.
Trial and execution
On May 12, 1945, Vlasov was captured by soldiers of the 25th Tank Corps of the 13th Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front near the city of Pilsen in Czechoslovakia while trying to escape to the western zone of occupation. The tank crews of the corps pursued Vlasov’s car at the direction of the Vlasov captain, who informed them that his commander was in this car. Vlasov was taken to the headquarters of Marshal Konev, and from there to Moscow.
Wikisource has texts on the topic
The verdict in the case of General A.A. Vlasov and his accomplices.
At first, the leadership of the USSR planned to hold a public trial of Vlasov and other leaders of the ROA in the October Hall of the House of Unions, however, due to the fact that some of the accused could express views during the trial that “objectively could coincide with the sentiments of a certain part of the population dissatisfied with Soviet power,” it was It was decided to make the process closed. The decision to sentence Vlasov and others to death was made by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on July 23, 1946. From July 30 to July 31, 1946, a closed trial took place in the case of Vlasov and a group of his followers. All of them were found guilty of treason. By the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, they were stripped of their military ranks and hanged on August 1, 1946, and their property was confiscated.
From the criminal case of A. A. Vlasov:
Ulrich: Defendant Vlasov, what exactly do you plead guilty to?
Vlasov: I plead guilty to the fact that, being in difficult conditions, I became cowardly...
Attitudes in the post-war period
The transfer of the commander of the 2nd Shock Army A.A. Vlasov to serve the Germans was one of the most unpleasant episodes of the war for the Soviet Union. There were other Red Army officers who became traitors, but Vlasov was the highest-ranking and most famous. In Soviet historiography, no attempts were made to analyze the motives of his action; his name was denigrated or, at best, simply hushed up.
A.V. Isaev noted that many of Vlasov’s colleagues who wrote memoirs after the war were put in an awkward position:
If you write about a former commander, they’ll say, “How come you didn’t see that bastard?” If you write badly, they will say: “Why didn’t you ring the bells? Why didn’t you report and tell where you should?”
For example, one of the officers of the 32nd Tank Division of the 4th Mechanized Corps describes his meeting with Vlasov as follows: “Looking out of the cockpit, I noticed that the regiment commander was talking to a tall general in glasses. I recognized him immediately. This is the commander of our 4th mechanized corps. I approached them and introduced myself to the corps commander.” The surname “Vlasov” is not mentioned at all throughout the entire narrative of the battles in Ukraine in June 1941.
Also, M.E. Katukov simply chose not to mention that his brigade was subordinate to the army commanded by A.A. Vlasov. A former boss Headquarters of the 20th Army of the Western Front L. M. Sandalov in his memoirs bypassed the unpleasant question of meeting his army commander with the help of the version about A. A. Vlasov’s illness. Later, this version was supported and developed by other researchers who argued that from November 29 to December 21, 1941, Colonel Sandalov acted as commander of the 20th Army of the Western Front, and it was under his actual leadership that the 20th Army liberated Krasnaya Polyana, Solnechnogorsk and Volokolamsk
If Vlasov was mentioned in the memoirs, it was rather in a negative way. For example, cavalryman Stuchenko writes:
Suddenly, three hundred to four hundred meters from the front line, the figure of army commander Vlasov in an astrakhan gray hat with earflaps and the same pince-nez appears from behind a bush; behind him is an adjutant with a machine gun. My irritation boiled over:
Why are you walking here? Nothing to see here. People are dying in vain here. Is this how they organize a fight? Is this how they use cavalry?
I thought: now he will remove me from office. But Vlasov, feeling unwell under fire, asked in a not entirely confident voice:
Well, how should we attack, in your opinion?
K. A. Meretskov spoke in approximately the same spirit, retelling the words of the chief of communications of the 2nd Shock Army, General Afanasyev: “It is characteristic that commander-2 Vlasov did not take any part in the discussion of the planned actions of the group. He was completely indifferent to all changes in the movement of the group." A.V. Isaev suggested that this description could be “relatively accurate and objective,” since Afanasyev witnessed the breakdown of Vlasov’s personality, which led to betrayal: the commander of the 2nd shock was captured literally a few days after “discussion of the planned actions” (see Lyuban operation).
Marshal Vasilevsky, who became the chief of the general staff of the Red Army in the spring of 1942, also wrote in his memoirs about Vlasov in a negative way: “The commander of the 2nd Shock Army, Vlasov, did not stand out for his great commanding abilities, and was also extremely unstable and cowardly by nature, completely inactive. The difficult situation created for the army further demoralized him; he made no attempts to quickly and secretly withdraw troops. As a result, the troops of the 2nd Shock Army found themselves surrounded.”
Review of the case
In 2001, a representative of the public movement “For Faith and Fatherland” applied to the Main Military Prosecutor’s Office to review the sentence of Vlasov and his associates. However, the military prosecutor's office came to the conclusion that there are no grounds for applying the law on the rehabilitation of victims of political repression.
On November 1, 2001, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation refused to rehabilitate A. A. Vlasov and others, canceling the verdict regarding the conviction under Part 2 of Art. 5810 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda) and ending the case in this part for lack of corpus delicti. The rest of the sentence was left unchanged.
Position of the Russian Church Abroad
At the beginning of September 2009, the Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church At his meetings abroad, he touched upon the controversy regarding the published book of the church historian, Archpriest Georgy Mitrofanov, “The Tragedy of Russia. “Forbidden” topics in the history of the twentieth century.” In particular, it was noted that:
"...The tragedy of those who are commonly called “Vlasovites”... is truly great. In any case, it must be comprehended with all possible impartiality and objectivity. Without such comprehension, historical science turns into political journalism. We... should avoid “black white" interpretation historical events. In particular, naming the acts of General A.A. Vlasov - betrayal, is, in our opinion, a frivolous simplification of the events of that time. In this sense, we fully support Father Georgy Mitrofanov’s attempt to approach this issue (or rather, a whole series of issues) with a measure adequate to the complexity of the problem.
In the Russian Abroad, of which the surviving members of the ROA also became part, General A.A. Vlasov was and remains a kind of symbol of resistance to godless Bolshevism in the name of the revival of Historical Russia. ...Everything that they undertook was done specifically for the Fatherland, in the hope that the defeat of Bolshevism would lead to the restoration of a powerful national Russia. Germany was considered by the “Vlasovites” exclusively as an ally in the fight against Bolshevism, but they, the “Vlasovites” were ready, if necessary, to resist with armed force any kind of colonization or dismemberment of our Motherland. We hope that in the future Russian historians will treat the events of that time with greater justice and impartiality than is happening today."
An alternative version of switching to the German side
In some memoirs you can find a version that Vlasov was captured even earlier - in the fall of 1941, surrounded near Kiev - where he was recruited and transferred across the front line. He is also credited with the order to destroy all the employees of his headquarters who did not want to surrender with him. Thus, the writer Ivan Stadnyuk claims that he heard this from General Saburov. This version is not confirmed by published archival documents.
There is also a conspiracy theory according to which, in reality, instead of Vlasov, another person was hanged on August 1, 1946, and Vlasov himself subsequently lived for many years under a different name. Knowing the capabilities of our and other special services and the orders of politicians, the latter option cannot be completely ruled out either. Vlasov as a double, triple, etc. super agent. the appointment would have been arranged by the intelligence services of the West and the USSR, which could have been credited to him after the war. It is clear that this version still has a small chance. But...
In the photo of the hanged A.A. Vlasov is clear without glasses, but his facial features are not very clear; he somehow looks youthful.
http://neirolog.livejournal.com/182051.html
http://www.drittereich.info/files/vlasov.jpg
http://www.duel.ru/200201/01_8_2.jpg
http://www.ljplus.ru/img/l/e/lesnoy/028vlasov.jpg
Awards
USSR awards
Order of Lenin No. 770 (1941) - presented to one of Hitler's associates
2 Orders of the Red Banner (1940, 1941)
Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"
Subsequently deprived of all awards and titles.
Foreign awards
Order of the Golden Dragon (China, 1939)
In cinema
Feature film “Liberation” (1969) “Homelands of Soldiers” (1975)
Documentary film “General Vlasov. A story of betrayal" - Russia, 2005.
Dialogue at the Gallows: New myths about General Vlasov, documentary film by Leonid Mlechin, (2008).
Literature
Alexandrov K. M. Officer Corps of the Army of Lieutenant General A. A. Vlasov, 1944-1945. - St. Petersburg, 2001.
Alexandrov K.M. Against Stalin. Vlasovites and Eastern volunteers in the Second World War. Sat. articles and materials. - St. Petersburg, 2003.
Alexandrov K. M. Army of Lieutenant General A. A. Vlasov 1944-1945. Materials for history * Armed Forces CONR. - St. Petersburg, 2004.
Alexandrov K.M. “Russian soldiers of the Wehrmacht”, M., Yauza, Eksmo, 2005.
Batshev V. S. Vlasov. Volumes 1-4. - Frankfurt am Main, 2001-2004.
Drobyazko S.I. Russian Liberation Army. - M., 2000.
Ermolov I. G., Drobyazko S. I. Anti-partisan republic. - M., 2001.
Isaev A. Short course history of the Second World War. The offensive of Marshal Shaposhnikov. - M: Yauza, Eksmo, 2005.
Okorokov A.V. Anti-Soviet military formations during the Second World War. - M., 2000.
Hoffmann I. History of the Vlasov army. - Paris, 1990.
Tsurganov Yu. S. Failed revenge. White emigration in World War II. - M., 2001.
Kolesnik A.N. Is General Vlasov a traitor or a hero? - M., 1991;
Palchikov P. A. The story of General Vlasov // New and recent history. 1993. N 2.
Shikman A.P. Figures of Russian history. Biographical reference book. - M.: 1997.
Kvitsinsky Yu. A. General Vlasov: the path of betrayal. - M., Sovremennik, 1999.
Konyaev N. M. Two faces of General Vlasov. Life, fate, legends. - M.: Veche, 2003. - 480 p. - (Dossier without retouching).
Stadnyuk I.F. Confession of a Stalinist. - M.: Patriot, 1993. - 415 p. Circulation 30,000 copies.
Finkelystein Yu. E. “Witnesses for the prosecution: Tukhachevsky, Vlasov and others ... (Damned generals)” St. Petersburg: Neva Magazine, 2001
Alexandrov K. “Tukhovezhi - Siverskaya: 60 years ago. How Lieutenant General A. A. Vlasov was captured.” Social and political magazine “Posev” No. 7 2002 °C. 27 - 29
Westerburg E.-J. Deutschland und Russland: Zu den au;enpolitischen Konzepten des deutschen Widerstandes und der Vlasov-Anh;nger im 2. Weltkrieg, Erlangen, 2000 (Westerburg E.-J. Germany and Russia: Toward the foreign policy concepts of the German resistance and Vlasov’s supporters in the 2nd oh World War, Erlangen, 2000)
O.S. The meaning of Hitler's "Fifth Column". From Kutepov to Vlasov.. - Moscow: Veche, 2004. - ISBN 5-9533-0322-X
Vlasov A. A. in front of a formation of ROA soldiers, 1943.
Speech before a formation of volunteers, Eastern Front, October 1944.
Generals Vlasov and Shilenkov at a meeting with Goebbels, February 1945.
Notes
; Team of authors. “The Great Patriotic War. Commanders. Military biographical dictionary" - M.; Zhukovsky: Kuchkovo Field, 2005. ISBN 5-86090-113-5
; Khrushchev N. S. Time. People. Power.. - M.: IK "Moscow News", 1999. - T. 1. - P. 312. - (Memoirs).
; 1 2 3 4 5 Alexey Isaev. Did A. A. Vlasov command the 20th Army in December 1941?
; Konyaev N. M. Two faces of General Vlasov. Life, fate, legends. - M.: Veche, 2003. - P. 76. - 480 p. - (Dossier without retouching).
; “In April 1942, I became seriously ill. I had to go to the hospital. A new commander was appointed in my place,” based on the book by N.K. Klykov. The second strike in the battle for Leningrad. L., 1983. P. 20.
; V. Beshanov. Leningrad defense. - M.: AST, 2005. - P. 276.
; 1 2 Konyaev N. M. Two faces of General Vlasov. Life, fate, legends. - M.: Veche, 2003. - P. 93. - 480 p. - (Dossier without retouching).
; Open letter “Why I took the path of fighting Bolshevism” by General Vlasov
; The Prague Uprising: how it really happened
; Report from the commander of the 25th Tank Corps to the Military Council of the 1st Ukrainian Front about the capture of the commander of the ROA Vlasov A.A.
; E. Beevor. Fall of Berlin
; Alexandrov K.M. “Russian soldiers of the Wehrmacht”, M., Yauza, Eksmo, 2005, p.404
; Alexandrov K.M. “Russian soldiers of the Wehrmacht”, M., Yauza, Eksmo, 2005, p.405
; Konyaev N. M. Two faces of General Vlasov. Life, fate, legends. - M.: Veche, 2003. - P. 92. - 480 p. - (Dossier without retouching).
; Egorov A.V. With faith in victory (Notes of the commander of a tank regiment). M.: Voenizdat, 1974, P.16.
; Sandalov L. M. On the Moscow direction. - M.: Moscow worker, 1966.
; Maganov V.N., Iminov V.T. This was one of our most capable chiefs of staff // Military Historical Journal. - M.: 2003. - No. 1.
; Stuchenko A. T. Our enviable fate. M.: Military Publishing House, 1968, pp. 136-137.
; Meretskov K. A. In the service of the people. M.: Politizdat, 1968, P.296.
; "Vasilevsky A.M. The work of my whole life. - M.: Politizdat, 1978
; NEWSru.com:The main military prosecutor's office refused to rehabilitate General Vlasov
; Kommersant: General Vlasov was hanged correctly
; Review of the Synod of Bishops on the book by Archpriest Georgy Mitrofanov “The Tragedy of Russia. Forbidden topics in the history of the twentieth century"
; Stadnyuk, Ivan Fotievich Confession of a Stalinist (Russian). M.: Patriot, 1993/militera.lib.ru. Retrieved November 21, 2007.
; http://hronograf.narod.ru/03/vlasov2.htm
See also Vlasov, Andrey Andreevich on Wikimedia Commons?
Vlasov, Andrey Andreevich in Wikinews?
Russian collaborationism in World War II
Links
Historical encyclopedia. Vlasov A. A.
Russian Liberation Movement - Smolensk Declaration
Manifesto of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (Prague, November 14, 1944)
Russian Volunteers in the German Wehrmacht in WWII (Lt. Gen. W;adys;aw Anders and Antonio Mu;oz (ed.))
Vlasov movement in the light of documents. New York. 1950.
Shtrik-Shtrikfeldt V.K. Against Stalin and Hitler: General Vlasov and the Russian Liberation Movement Ed. "Sowing", 2003. ISBN 5-85824-005-4
Traitor or decent soldier? New facts to the dispute about General A. A. Vlasov
"The Path to Betrayal"
Mysticism of the Order of Lenin No. 770"
General Holmston-Smyslovsky. Personal memories of General Vlasov
Ilya Smirnov " Brown spots history"
Ilya Smirnov. InterNAZional
General Vlasov - hero or traitor?
Agnes's secret. The story of the front-line wife of General Vlasov
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlasov,_Andrey_Andreevich
What is there to comment on here?!
Officer and then general Andrei Andreevich Vlasov served in the Red Army since 1920. After completing the command courses, he took part in battles with the White Guards on the Southern Front. Then he held command and staff positions, and also taught. In the fall of 1938, he was sent to China to work as part of a group of military advisers. From May to November 1939 he served as chief military adviser. Awarded the Order of the Golden Dragon.
In January 1940, Major General Vlasov was appointed commander of the 99th Infantry Division, which in October of the same year was recognized as the best division in the district. For this, A. Vlasov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In January 1941, Vlasov was appointed commander of the 4th Mechanized Corps of the Kyiv Special Military District, and a month later he was awarded the Order of Lenin.
The war for A.A. Vlasov began near Lvov, where he served as commander of the 4th Mechanized Corps. For his skillful actions he received gratitude and, on the recommendation of N. S. Khrushchev, was appointed commander of the 37th Army, which defended Kyiv. After fierce battles, scattered formations of this army managed to break through to the east, and Vlasov himself was wounded and ended up in the hospital.
In November 1941, Stalin summoned Vlasov and ordered him to form the 20th Army, which was part of the Western Front and defended the capital.
On December 5, near the village of Krasnaya Polyana (located 27 km from the Moscow Kremlin), the Soviet 20th Army under the command of General Vlasov stopped units of the German 4th Tank Army, making a significant contribution to the victory near Moscow. IN Soviet era a version appeared that Vlasov himself was in the hospital at that time, and the fighting was led by either the commander of the operational group A.I. Lizyukov or the chief of staff L.M. Sandalov.
Overcoming stubborn enemy resistance, the 20th Army drove the Germans out of Solnechnogorsk and Volokolamsk. On January 24, 1942, for the battles on the Lama River, he received the rank of lieutenant general and was awarded the second Order of the Red Banner. The armies of Rokossovsky and Govorov operated next to Vlasov. Rokossovsky and Govorov later became Marshals of the Soviet Union.
Zhukov assessed Vlasov’s actions as follows: “Personally, Lieutenant General Vlasov is operationally well prepared and has organizational skills. He copes well with commanding troops.” After the successes near Moscow, A. A. Vlasov, along with other generals of the Red Army, is called the “savior of the capital.” On instructions from the Main Political Directorate, a book is being written about Vlasov called “Stalin’s Commander.” Perhaps a ceremonial portrait was made for this book, which is sometimes found on the Internet (I can’t definitely link it with A.A. Vlasov yet - he didn’t have so many awards).
On January 7, 1942, the Lyuban operation began. Troops of the 2nd Shock Army of the Volkhov Front, created to disrupt the German offensive on Leningrad and the subsequent counterattack, successfully broke through the enemy’s defenses in the area of the village of Myasnoy Bor (on the left bank of the Volkhov River) and deeply wedged into its location (in the direction of Lyuban). But lacking the strength for a further offensive, the army found itself in a difficult situation. The enemy cut her communications several times, creating a threat of encirclement.
In fact, within a month or two, A.A. Vlasov turned out to be the main one responsible for the defeat of the 2nd Shock Army and the breakdown of the Lyuban operation. And here begins the story of the last four years of his life, as a result of which the concept of a traitor was assigned to him.
Yes, in the summer of 1942 he betrayed his military oath and allegiance to his state, which he served for more than 20 years and from which he received high awards. But does this betrayal cross out the fact that - for example - after the successes near Moscow, A. A. Vlasov, along with other generals of the Red Army, was called “the saviors of the capital”?! Or that the 37th Army, led by A.A. Vlasov, stubbornly defended Kyiv?! Is he the only one to blame for the failure of the Lyuban operation or was he – to be honest – clearly framed?!
For me there are no clear answers here.
And in the light of the fight against the cruelties of the “Stalinist regime”, A.A. Vlasov has many chances of being acquitted. “I saw that they received nothing of what the Russian people fought for during the Civil War as a result of the Bolshevik victory. I saw how hard life was for the Russian worker, how the peasant was driven into collective farms, how millions of Russian people disappeared without trial and the consequences. I saw how everything Russian was trampled underfoot.” (from Vlasov’s letter “Why I took the path of fighting Bolshevism”).
The truth about the goals and objectives of the ROA was hidden from the Soviet people, but all of Europe knew about them. “If the ROA and the German command had mutual understanding and mutual trust, then the song of the Bolsheviks would be sung. Behind the successes, Hitler saw that it was impossible to occupy Russia, and it was impossible to defeat it,” wrote Colonel Izergin, who commanded the Cossack Corps during the Civil War, defeated the Chapaev division (then V.I. Chapaev died during the flight).
There are documented facts that Vlasov was associated with participants in the conspiracy against Hitler. General Vlasov's plans were as follows:
1. The Germans suspend the offensive of the Red Army for a time sufficient to strengthen the ROA, which begins a civil war against the Bolshevik system. At the same time, propaganda of the ideas and policies of the ROA is carried out.
2. With the defeat of Germany, the ROA becomes an ally of Western democracies in their struggle against Soviet totalitarianism.
If the allies had not sold the ROA, the outcome of events would have been different. General Vlasov wanted to unite liberation movements European countries that fell under the occupation of the Red Army, and national movements on the territory of the USSR.
But the Stalinist apparatus did not sit idly by, it propagandized the Soviet people against the Vlasovites, attributing to them the atrocities of punitive German units and policemen on the territory of the Soviet Union, and emphasized the anti-Semitism of the ROA.
Andrei Andreevich treated Jews kindly, not imagining the future of Russia without them. Jewish prisoners of war served in the ROA under the guise of Armenians, Georgians, and Arabs.
Stalin personally knew General Vlasov and met with him three times; not every general received such an honor. When Vlasov was captured by the Germans in 1942, Stalin did not express much concern. He became worried when he was told that Vlasov headed the ROA and was calling for a fight against Bolshevism.
Hoffmann Joachim, History of the Vlasov Army
http://militera.lib.ru/research/hoffmann/index.html
about the fate of the Vlasovites after the war
http://tr.rkrp-rpk.ru/get.php?403 and others.
So what?! Well, he is a traitor, a conscious enemy of the Soviet system. And yet, emphasizing this, we must not forget about Vlasov’s role in the battles near Kiev or Moscow. And his initial attempts to save the 2nd Shock Army (some of the fighters still managed to escape from the encirclement). And in relation to the Soviet system - everyone now living in one way or another “betrayed” it in 1989 - 1991, having lost the Cold War - no matter how they then tried to justify their position. Few people, realizing the betrayal of the USSR, shot themselves or otherwise sharply outlined their attitude towards the betrayal of the Soviet system. This is a deeply ideological question. So let's get back to specifics.
Back on May 8, 1969, the Rude Pravo newspaper published a conversation with the Chairman of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia, Jozsef Smrkovsky. Pan Smrkovsky, recalling the Prague Uprising of 1945, of which he was one of the leaders, said that the Soviet command sent a special group of paratroopers in the spring of 1945, commanded by Colonel Savelyev. The group was dropped in the Brdy forest. Savelyev, according to Smrkovsky, was given the task of infiltrating the ranks of the ROA (Russian Liberation Army), formed near Prague, and convincing the Vlasovites to turn their arms against the Germans. Jozsef Smrkovsky claimed that the paratroopers completed their task, convincing the Vlasov army to take the side of the rebels. http://www.rg.ru/Anons/arc_2001/0511/hit.shtm
There is a lot of controversy about this. On the streets of the city, on the barricades, Czech rebels, fighters of Soviet sabotage detachments and former Vlasovites included in their composition fought against the SS and military police troops.
“There were a maximum of 300 - 400 people in all detachments, including no more than 150 in Hurricane,” emphasizes Pyotr Stepanovich.
And Vlasov at this time was already preparing to withdraw his army to the American zone. The major, who searched Vlasov during his arrest, later said that he had an identity card signed by Voroshilov and a party card sewn into his riding breeches.
The remnants of the “liberators” failed to leave the ROA. They were disarmed by tank crews of the 25th Tank Corps. http://www.rg.ru/Anons/arc_2001/0511/hit.shtm
http://belnobility2007.narod.ru/stranica/vlasovcy.htm
Following the war, the 2nd Shock Army adequately rehabilitated itself.
Lieutenant General N.K. Klykov recovered at the right time, in July he returned to command of the 2nd Army (July-December 1942), partly saved by the policy of A.A. Vlasov - he performed the duties of its commander, but was officially approved for I didn’t have this position, “such a squiggle” (answer, but officially you’re nobody).
Then the army was commanded by Lieutenant General Romanovsky V. Z. (December 1942 - December 1943). And later, Lieutenant General (from October 1944, Colonel General) Fedyuninsky I.I. (December 1943 - until the end of the war).
At the end of 1943, units of the 2nd Shock Army under the command of Fedyuninsky were secretly transferred to the Oranienbaum bridgehead, from where on January 14 they successfully attacked in the Gostilits area and broke through the German defenses. This attack marks the beginning of the Krasnoselsko-Ropshinsky operation, during which the blockade of Leningrad was completely lifted by the end of January. Then the army took part in the Narva and Tallinn offensive operations 1944, as part of the 2nd Belorussian Front, took part in the Mlawa-Elbing, East Pomeranian and Berlin offensive operations of 1945 http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_shock_army
http://www.victory.mil.ru/rkka/units/03/13.html
In the area of operations of the 2nd Shock Army near Myasny Bor and Spasskaya Polist, search work has been going on for decades to identify and rebury Soviet soldiers. The Novgorod search team "Dolina" discovered the remains of almost 88 thousand soldiers over 20 years. On February 19, 1988, by decree of the Novgorod regional executive committee and the bureau of the regional committee of the Komsomol No. 57, a search expedition of the Novgorod regional committee of the Komsomol “Valley” was created (today the Novgorod regional public organization “Search expedition “Valley” in memory of N.I. Orlov”). Since the creation of the “Valley Search Expedition”, which now includes 38 search teams and associations with a total number of about 800 people, resolves issues of searching for the remains of the deceased and unburied defenders of the Fatherland, is engaged in establishing their names and searching for relatives. In addition, every year up to 2,000 volunteers from more than 40 regions of Russia and Kazakhstan come to Novgorod land to remove the unburied remains of dead soldiers from the forests and swamps of the Novgorod region. Search work are carried out on the territory of the Novgorod, Chudovsky, Batetsky districts (connected with the region of action of the 2nd Army) Malovishersky, Starorussky, Parfinsky, Poddorsky, Kholmsky, Demyansky, Marevsky, Shimsky, Valdaisky, Soletsky, districts of the Novgorod region, where during the Great Patriotic War intense fighting.
The main result of Dolina’s 20-year activity is the discovery and burial of the remains of 87,874 Soviet soldiers in military cemeteries and memorials in the region, and the identification of about 16 thousand names.
http://www.novgorod.net/~dolina/spis/
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_team
http://novgorod.allnw.ru/news/75842
Tens of thousands of young Russians have attended Dolina School (plenty of information on the Internet).
This, in just one example, is the most complex dialectic of history.
Similar things can be said about many people of any country and people at different times.
Thousands of heroes of Russian history, especially Soviet history, are dialectical.
V.I.Lenin, L.D.Trotsky, I.V.Stalin, S.M.Kirov, L.P.Beria...
Add black and the picture turns black. White - it will be lighter.
And the Reds and Whites, Greens and others have fought for Russia since 1917.
It might be possible to erect some of the monuments specifically to all Russians who gave their lives for their Motherland (they all loved it) - unfortunately, in fact - in civil wars. There were no democratic elections then...
Below in the reviews it is recommended to me knowledgeable people pay attention to the series of publications
http://lj.rossia.org/users/lll22021918_01/2009/10/07/ Please note.
But I think that many materials are in favor of a special assignment for Vlasov in Germany
finally destroyed.
