Children's drawings on the theme of the solar system. Solar system - the world we live in
It is impossible to say exactly at what age it is necessary to start studying the planets of the solar system with a child. After all, everything is very individual, and depends on the ability of a child of a given age to perceive information. The story should be based on observing the stars in the night sky and reading adapted literature.
At 4-5 years old, you can introduce your child to a small amount of information in a playful way by buying him a colorful encyclopedia for children about the planets. The child will be able to visually distinguish different luminaries from pictures, and over time, look for their location in the sky, if the parents manage to interest him.
Sun
Yes, yes, the baby is surprised to learn that the sun, which warms him with its rays, is in fact also a planet. That is why the system is called solar, because all other celestial bodies revolve around it. It is not without reason that all the peoples who lived on our land many centuries ago revered the Sun as a deity and gave it various names - Ra, Yarilo, Helios. The surface of the hottest planet is 6000°C, and no one or nothing can survive near it.
Mercury
A story about the planet Mercury for children may interest them because in the early morning and immediately after sunset, it can be seen in the sky with the naked eye. This is possible due to the fact that it is located at a relatively short distance from the Earth, and also because of its natural brightness at these hours. For this unique quality, the planet received the second name of the Morning Star.
Venus
It turns out that the Earth has a twin sister, and this is Venus - a planet that is interesting for children because in its composition and surface it is in many ways similar to our planet, although it is not possible to study it well due to the very aggressive atmosphere around it and the hot a surface on which you can literally burn.
Venus is the third brightest planet in the system and its surface emits carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid, making it unsuitable for life, despite its similarity to Earth.
Earth
For children, planet Earth is the most understandable of all, since we all live directly on it. This is the only celestial body inhabited by living beings. It is the third largest in size and has one satellite - the Moon. Also, our land has the most diverse topography, which significantly distinguishes it from its sister cities.
Mars
For children, the planet Mars may be associated with the candy bar of the same name, but it has nothing to do with sweets. Scientists have proven that Mars was once inhabited, and thanks to spacecraft, confirmation was found in the form of frozen rivers that flowed here. Because of its color, Mars is called the red planet. It is located in fourth place in terms of distance from the Sun.
Jupiter
For children, the planet Jupiter may be remembered for the fact that it is the largest in the solar system. It looks like a striped ball, and storms constantly rage on its surface, lightning flashes and winds blow at a speed of 600 km/h, which makes it very harsh compared to Earth.
Saturn
The planet Saturn, familiar to children from pictures, looks like a hat or a ball in a striped skirt. In fact, this is not a skirt at all, but a so-called ring system, which consists of dust, stones, solid cosmic particles and ice.
Uranus
The planet Uranus may remind children of Saturn, but it is only blue and the rims around it are located not horizontally, but vertically. In the solar system, this planet is the coldest, because the temperature on it reaches -224°C.
Neptune
Another icy giant planet is Neptune, which for children is associated with the ruler of the seas, and it is named after him. The unrealistic wind speed of 2100 km/h makes it very scary and harsh compared to our prosperous and warm Earth.
But the dwarf planet Pluto not so long ago it was deleted from the solar system due to the discrepancy in its size.
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Our planet Earth, on which we live, is part of the solar system. In the center of the solar system, a hot star shines brightly - the Sun. Eight main planets revolve around it at different distances from the Sun. One of them, the third in a row, is our Earth.
Each planet has its own orbit in which it moves around the Sun. A complete revolution around the Sun is called a year. On Earth it lasts 365 days. On planets that are closer to the Sun, a year lasts less, and on those that are further away, a full revolution can take several Earth years. The planets also rotate around their axis. One such complete revolution is called a day. On Earth, a day (a revolution around its axis) is approximately 24 hours (more precisely 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds).
Presentation for children: Planets of the Solar System
Sun
A bright star located at the center of the solar system. The sun, like a hot ball of fire, distributes heat to its nearby planets. True, those planets that are very close to the Sun (Mercury and Venus) are very hot, and those that are further than Mars are very cold, because the warm rays almost do not reach them. But on planet Earth, the temperature turned out to be neither low nor high, which was very convenient for the emergence and development of life on it.
Mercury
This smallest planet is closest to the Sun. At the same time, almost all the time it turns to the Sun with one side. Therefore, on one side of Mercury it is very hot, and on the other it is very cold.
Venus
Second planet from the Sun. On it, like on Earth, there is an atmosphere, it is a kind of air shell. Only, unlike our earthly one, it consists not of oxygen, but mostly of carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is impossible to breathe on Venus, and it is very, very hot on its surface. So there are no plants, no animals, no bacteria there.
Earth
This blue planet, the third from the Sun, is our common home. Here we live, animals, people, fish, birds - all under one roof. And the roof of planet Earth consists of an atmosphere in which there is a huge amount of oxygen necessary for life. Here we build our world, write history and from here we observe other planets and stars. And planet Earth also has a little friend - the Moon, which is a satellite of the Earth.
Mars
Little red planet, the fourth in a row. There is very little oxygen on it, almost none. There is also almost no water, although scientists are constantly looking for it, because once upon a time there may have been a lot of it on Mars. Then, many, many years ago, there could have been rivers, seas and oceans on the planet, but then something happened and the water disappeared. This mystery has yet to be solved.
Jupiter
The largest, fifth planet in the solar system. Jupiter is made of gas and is called a gas giant. Storms and whirlwind winds constantly occur on its surface, and the planet itself, despite its size, rotates very quickly around its axis, like a top.
Saturn
A beautiful and unusual planet, sixth from the Sun. Its amazing feature, which can be seen from Earth through a telescope, is the ring around the planet. The ring looks like a disk, only in reality it is not a solid disk, but thousands, thousands of small stones, asteroid fragments and dust.
Uranus
A mysterious planet, the seventh in a row, which for unknown reasons lies on its side and rotates completely differently from other planets. Uranus has an unusual blue color and looks like a round ball with a smooth surface.
Neptune
The icy, very cold planet, the eighth in a row, is very far from the Sun, so the sun's rays almost do not reach the surface of this blue planet. Strong winds blow on Neptune and therefore the weather on it is not just winter, but by cosmic standards, completely cold, so that everything on it, even gas, turns into ice.
Pluto
Once upon a time, this planet was the ninth in a row and was part of the solar system, but it turned out that it was too small to be called a planet and is now called a dwarf planet and is not allowed to be associated with adult planets from the name. Maybe Pluto is still just a baby and just needs to grow up)
Our home in space is the Solar System, a star system consisting of eight planets and part of the Milky Way galaxy. In the center is a star called the Sun. The solar system is four and a half billion years old. We live on the third planet from the sun. Do you know about other planets in the solar system?! Now we will tell you a little about them.
Mercury- the smallest planet in the solar system. Its radius is 2440 km. The period of revolution around the Sun is 88 Earth days. During this time, Mercury manages to rotate around its own axis only one and a half times. A day on Mercury lasts approximately 59 Earth days. The orbit of Mercury is one of the most unstable: not only the speed of movement and its distance from the Sun, but also the position itself changes there. There are no satellites.
Neptune- the eighth planet of the solar system. It is located quite close to Uranus. The radius of the planet is 24547 km. A year on Neptune is 60,190 days, that is, about 164 Earth years. Has 14 satellites. It has an atmosphere in which the strongest winds have been recorded - up to 260 m/s.
By the way, Neptune was discovered not through observations, but through mathematical calculations.
Uranus- the seventh planet in the solar system. Radius - 25267 km. The coldest planet has a surface temperature of -224 degrees. A year on Uranus is equal to 30,685 Earth days, that is, approximately 84 years. Day - 17 hours. Has 27 satellites.
Saturn- the sixth planet of the solar system. The radius of the planet is 57350 km. It is second in size after Jupiter. A year on Saturn is 10,759 days, which is almost 30 Earth years. A day on Saturn is almost equal to a day on Jupiter - 10.5 Earth hours. Most similar to the Sun in the composition of chemical elements.
Has 62 satellites.
The main feature of Saturn is its rings. Their origin has not yet been established.
Jupiter- the fifth planet from the Sun. It is the largest planet in the solar system. The radius of Jupiter is 69912 km. This is as much as 19 times larger than the Earth. A year there lasts as many as 4333 Earth days, that is, almost less than 12 years. A day is about 10 Earth hours long.
Jupiter has as many as 67 satellites. The largest of them are Callisto, Ganymede, Io and Europa. Moreover, Ganymede is 8% larger than Mercury, the smallest planet in our system, and has an atmosphere.
Mars- the fourth planet of the solar system. Its radius is 3390 km, which is almost half the size of the Earth. A year on Mars is 687 Earth days. It has 2 satellites - Phobos and Deimos.
The planet's atmosphere is thin. Water found on some areas of the surface suggests that some kind of primitive life on Mars was once before or even exists now.
Venus- the second planet of the solar system. It is similar in mass and radius to the Earth. There are no satellites.
The atmosphere of Venus consists almost entirely of carbon dioxide. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 96%, nitrogen - approximately 4%. Water vapor and oxygen are also present, but in very small quantities. Due to the fact that such an atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect, the temperature on the surface of the planet reaches 475 °C. A day on Venus is equal to 243 Earth days. A year on Venus is 255 days.
Pluto is a dwarf planet on the outskirts of the solar system, which is the dominant object in a distant system of 6 small cosmic bodies. The radius of the planet is 1195 km. Pluto's orbital period around the Sun is approximately 248 Earth years. A day on Pluto is 152 hours long. The mass of the planet is approximately 0.0025 the mass of the Earth.
It is noteworthy that Pluto was excluded from the category of planets in 2006 due to the fact that in the Kuiper belt there are objects that are larger or equal in size to Pluto, which is why, even if it is accepted as a full-fledged planet, then in this case it is necessary Add Eris to this category - which is almost the same size as Pluto.
In this lesson I will tell you how to draw our solar system, the planets of the solar system step by step with a pencil.
Look how big our star is, the Sun, compared to the planets, in particular ours. Each planet in the solar system revolves around the sun, each with its own rotation period. We are at such a distance from the sun that we do not freeze or burn, this is the ideal distance for the development of life. If we were a little closer or a little further, we would not be here now, we would not enjoy every minute of our lives and would not sit near computers and learn to draw.
So, on the left side of the paper we draw a small sun, a little higher a planet that is very close to it - Mercury. Usually they show the orbit in which the planet moves, we will do this too. The second planet is Venus.
Now it’s our turn, planet Earth is the third, it is slightly larger than all the previous ones. Mars is smaller than Earth and is further away.
The Asteroid Belt occupies a very large distance, where there are many, many asteroids (a celestial body of the solar system that does not have an atmosphere) of irregular shape. The Asteroid Belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.
The sixth planet from the sun is Saturn, slightly smaller than Jupiter.
Then come the planets Uranus and Neptune.
It is currently believed that there are 8 planets in the solar system. Previously, there was a ninth called Pluto, but relatively recently similar objects were found, such as Eris, Makemaki and Haumea, which were all combined into one name - plutoids. This happened in 2008. These planets are dwarf planets.
The solar system is a group of planets revolving in specific orbits around a bright star - the Sun. This star is the main source of heat and light in the solar system.
It is believed that our planetary system was formed as a result of the explosion of one or more stars and this happened about 4.5 billion years ago. At first, the Solar System was an accumulation of gas and dust particles, however, over time and under the influence of its own mass, the Sun and other planets arose.
Planets of the Solar System
At the center of the solar system is the Sun, around which eight planets move in their orbits: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
Until 2006, Pluto also belonged to this group of planets; it was considered the 9th planet from the Sun, however, due to its significant distance from the Sun and small size, it was excluded from this list and called a dwarf planet. More precisely, it is one of several dwarf planets in the Kuiper belt.
All of the above planets are usually divided into two large groups: the terrestrial group and the gas giants.
The terrestrial group includes such planets as: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. They are distinguished by their small size and rocky surface, and in addition, they are located closest to the Sun.
Gas giants include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are characterized by large sizes and the presence of rings, which are ice dust and rocky pieces. These planets consist mainly of gas.
Sun
The Sun is the star around which all the planets and satellites in the solar system revolve. It consists of hydrogen and helium. The age of the Sun is 4.5 billion years, it is only in the middle of its life cycle, gradually increasing in size. Now the diameter of the Sun is 1,391,400 km. In just the same number of years, this star will expand and reach the orbit of the Earth.
The sun is the source of heat and light for our planet. Its activity increases or becomes weaker every 11 years.
Due to the extremely high temperatures on its surface, a detailed study of the Sun is extremely difficult, but attempts to launch a special device as close to the star as possible continue.
Terrestrial group of planets
Mercury
This planet is one of the smallest in the solar system, its diameter is 4,879 km. In addition, it is closest to the Sun. This proximity predetermined a significant temperature difference. The average temperature on Mercury during the day is +350 degrees Celsius, and at night - -170 degrees.
If we take the Earth year as a guide, Mercury makes a full revolution around the Sun in 88 days, and one day there lasts 59 Earth days. It was noticed that this planet can periodically change the speed of its rotation around the Sun, its distance from it and its position.
There is no atmosphere on Mercury; therefore, it is often attacked by asteroids and leaves behind a lot of craters on its surface. Sodium, helium, argon, hydrogen, and oxygen were discovered on this planet.
A detailed study of Mercury is very difficult due to its close proximity to the Sun. Sometimes Mercury can be seen from Earth with the naked eye.
According to one theory, it is believed that Mercury was previously a satellite of Venus, however, this assumption has not yet been proven. Mercury does not have its own satellite.
Venus
This planet is the second from the Sun. In size it is close to the diameter of the Earth, the diameter is 12,104 km. In all other respects, Venus differs significantly from our planet. A day here lasts 243 Earth days, and a year lasts 255 days. The atmosphere of Venus is 95% carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect on its surface. This results in an average temperature on the planet of 475 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere also contains 5% nitrogen and 0.1% oxygen.
Unlike the Earth, most of whose surface is covered with water, there is no liquid on Venus, and almost the entire surface is occupied by solidified basaltic lava. According to one theory, there used to be oceans on this planet, however, as a result of internal heating, they evaporated, and the vapors were carried away by the solar wind into outer space. Near the surface of Venus, weak winds blow, however, at an altitude of 50 km their speed increases significantly and amounts to 300 meters per second.
Venus has many craters and hills that resemble the earth's continents. The formation of craters is associated with the fact that the planet previously had a less dense atmosphere.
A distinctive feature of Venus is that, unlike other planets, its movement occurs not from west to east, but from east to west. It can be seen from Earth even without the help of a telescope after sunset or before sunrise. This is due to the ability of its atmosphere to reflect light well.
Venus has no satellite.
Earth
Our planet is located at a distance of 150 million km from the Sun, and this allows us to create on its surface a temperature suitable for the existence of liquid water, and, therefore, for the emergence of life.
Its surface is 70% covered with water, and it is the only planet to contain such an amount of liquid. It is believed that many thousands of years ago, steam contained in the atmosphere created the temperature on the Earth's surface necessary for the formation of liquid water, and solar radiation contributed to photosynthesis and the birth of life on the planet.
The peculiarity of our planet is that under the earth’s crust there are huge tectonic plates, which, moving, collide with each other and lead to changes in the landscape.
The diameter of the Earth is 12,742 km. An earthly day lasts 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds, and a year lasts 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes 10 seconds. Its atmosphere is 77% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and a small percentage of other gases. None of the atmospheres of other planets in the solar system has such an amount of oxygen.
According to scientific research, the age of the Earth is 4.5 billion years, approximately the same age that its only satellite, the Moon, has existed. It is always turned to our planet with only one side. There are many craters, mountains and plains on the surface of the Moon. It reflects sunlight very weakly, so it is visible from Earth in the pale moonlight.
Mars
This planet is the fourth from the Sun and is 1.5 times more distant from it than the Earth. The diameter of Mars is smaller than Earth's and is 6,779 km. The average air temperature on the planet ranges from -155 degrees to +20 degrees at the equator. The magnetic field on Mars is much weaker than that of Earth, and the atmosphere is quite thin, which allows solar radiation to unimpededly affect the surface. In this regard, if there is life on Mars, it is not on the surface.
When surveyed with the help of Mars rovers, it was found that there are many mountains on Mars, as well as dried river beds and glaciers. The surface of the planet is covered with red sand. It is iron oxide that gives Mars its color.
One of the most frequent events on the planet are dust storms, which are voluminous and destructive. It was not possible to detect geological activity on Mars, however, it is reliably known that significant geological events previously occurred on the planet.
The atmosphere of Mars consists of 96% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen and 1.6% argon. Oxygen and water vapor are present in minimal quantities.
A day on Mars is similar in length to those on Earth and is 24 hours 37 minutes 23 seconds. A year on the planet lasts twice as long as on Earth - 687 days.
The planet has two satellites Phobos and Deimos. They are small in size and uneven in shape, reminiscent of asteroids.
Sometimes Mars is also visible from Earth with the naked eye.
Gas giants
Jupiter
This planet is the largest in the solar system and has a diameter of 139,822 km, which is 19 times larger than Earth. A day on Jupiter lasts 10 hours, and a year is approximately 12 Earth years. Jupiter is mainly composed of xenon, argon and krypton. If it were 60 times larger, it could become a star due to a spontaneous thermonuclear reaction.
The average temperature on the planet is -150 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere consists of hydrogen and helium. There is no oxygen or water on its surface. There is an assumption that there is ice in the atmosphere of Jupiter.
Jupiter has a huge number of satellites - 67. The largest of them are Io, Ganymede, Callisto and Europa. Ganymede is one of the largest moons in the Solar System. Its diameter is 2634 km, which is approximately the size of Mercury. In addition, a thick layer of ice can be seen on its surface, under which there may be water. Callisto is considered the most ancient of the satellites, since it is its surface that has the largest number of craters.
Saturn
This planet is the second largest in the solar system. Its diameter is 116,464 km. It is most similar in composition to the Sun. A year on this planet lasts quite a long time, almost 30 Earth years, and a day lasts 10.5 hours. The average surface temperature is -180 degrees.
Its atmosphere consists mainly of hydrogen and a small amount of helium. Thunderstorms and auroras often occur in its upper layers.
Saturn is unique in that it has 65 moons and several rings. The rings are made up of small particles of ice and rock formations. Ice dust perfectly reflects light, so Saturn's rings are very clearly visible through a telescope. However, it is not the only planet with a diadem; it is just less noticeable on other planets.
Uranus
Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system and the seventh from the Sun. It has a diameter of 50,724 km. It is also called the “ice planet”, as the temperature on its surface is -224 degrees. A day on Uranus lasts 17 hours, and a year lasts 84 Earth years. Moreover, summer lasts as long as winter - 42 years. This natural phenomenon is due to the fact that the axis of that planet is located at an angle of 90 degrees to the orbit and it turns out that Uranus seems to be “lying on its side.”
Uranus has 27 moons. The most famous of them are: Oberon, Titania, Ariel, Miranda, Umbriel.
Neptune
Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. It is similar in composition and size to its neighbor Uranus. The diameter of this planet is 49,244 km. A day on Neptune lasts 16 hours, and a year is equal to 164 Earth years. Neptune is an ice giant and for a long time it was believed that no weather phenomena occur on its icy surface. However, it was recently discovered that Neptune has raging vortices and wind speeds that are the highest among the planets in the solar system. It reaches 700 km/h.
Neptune has 14 moons, the most famous of which is Triton. It is known to have its own atmosphere.
Neptune also has rings. This planet has 6 of them.
Interesting facts about the planets of the solar system
Compared to Jupiter, Mercury seems like a dot in the sky. These are the actual proportions in the solar system:
Venus is often called the Morning and Evening Star, since it is the first star visible in the sky at sunset and the last to disappear from visibility at dawn.
An interesting fact about Mars is the fact that methane was found on it. Due to the thin atmosphere, it constantly evaporates, which means that the planet has a constant source of this gas. Such a source could be living organisms inside the planet.
There are no seasons on Jupiter. The biggest mystery is the so-called “Great Red Spot”. Its origin on the surface of the planet has not yet been fully elucidated. Scientists suggest that it was formed by a huge hurricane, which has been rotating at very high speed for several centuries.
An interesting fact is that Uranus, like many planets in the solar system, has its own ring system. Due to the fact that the particles included in their composition do not reflect light well, the rings could not be detected immediately after the discovery of the planet.
Neptune has a rich blue color, so it was named after the ancient Roman god - the master of the seas. Due to its distant location, this planet was one of the last to be discovered. At the same time, its location was calculated mathematically, and after time it was able to be seen, and precisely in the calculated place.
Light from the Sun reaches the surface of our planet in 8 minutes.
The solar system, despite its long and careful study, still conceals many mysteries and secrets that have yet to be revealed. One of the most fascinating hypotheses is the assumption of the presence of life on other planets, the search for which is actively continuing.
